初中英语阅读之探索.ppt

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1、 初中英语阅读教学之探索初中英语阅读教学之探索 成都青羊实验联中成都青羊实验联中 王晋蓉王晋蓉 2011-10-25 第一部分：理论学习 第二部分：教学实例 第三部分：互动环节 第一部分：理论学习 前提：前提：1.1.认真研读英语课程标准，新课程理念体认真研读英语课程标准，新课程理念体 现在课堂教学的实践中。现在课堂教学的实践中。2.2.深入钻研教材，熟悉教材的编写体系和教学深入钻研教材，熟悉教材的编写体系和教学 内容，正确理解编者的意图。内容，正确理解编者的意图。新课程标准新课程标准对对语言技能目标（四级）语言技能目标（四级）“读读”的要求：的要求：1.能连贯、流畅地朗读课文；能连贯、流畅地

2、朗读课文；2.能读懂说明文等应用文体的材料；能读懂说明文等应用文体的材料；3.能从简单的文章中找出有关信息，理解大意；能从简单的文章中找出有关信息，理解大意；4.能根据上下文猜测生词的意思；能根据上下文猜测生词的意思；5.能理解并解释图表提供的信息；能理解并解释图表提供的信息；6.能理解简易读物中的事件发生顺序和人物行为；能理解简易读物中的事件发生顺序和人物行为；7.能读懂简单的个人信件；能读懂简单的个人信件；8.能使用英汉词典等工具书帮助阅读理解；能使用英汉词典等工具书帮助阅读理解；9.除教材外，课外阅读量应累计达到除教材外，课外阅读量应累计达到10万词以上。万词以上。Go for it!教

3、材的教材的特点特点：信息量大、时代感强、内容新颖、符合中信息量大、时代感强、内容新颖、符合中学生阅读心理和兴趣。学生阅读心理和兴趣。富有教育思想（培养学生综合语言运用能力）；富有教育思想（培养学生综合语言运用能力）；强调语言实践（听的活动，说的活动，对话或短文强调语言实践（听的活动，说的活动，对话或短文阅读活动，写的活动）；图片内容丰富（帮助学生阅读活动，写的活动）；图片内容丰富（帮助学生理解生词或短语，解释，加深记忆，帮助学习和理理解生词或短语，解释，加深记忆，帮助学习和理解目标语言，帮助学生猜测阅读文章大意，激发学解目标语言，帮助学生猜测阅读文章大意，激发学生学习兴趣）；活动层层递进（由易

4、到难；先听后生学习兴趣）；活动层层递进（由易到难；先听后说说先输入再输出；先读后写先输入再输出；先读后写-3a-3b;由控制由控制半半控制控制自由，如：自由，如：Unit SB5,说的练习说的练习:Section A 1c-2c-3b-4；写的练习；写的练习Section B 3bSelf Check 2 关于关于 阅读教学阅读教学 要求学生在阅读过程中积要求学生在阅读过程中积极思维，获取所需信息，再极思维，获取所需信息，再提取信息。即：信息应该是提取信息。即：信息应该是由学生通过动脑筋思考后，由学生通过动脑筋思考后，自己读出来。自己读出来。一一.阅读教学的现状概述：阅读教学的现状概述：(一一

5、).).教师教学行为中存在的问题：教师教学行为中存在的问题：1 1.喜欢使用传统的阅读教学方式，即喜欢使用传统的阅读教学方式，即:教师教读文中的教师教读文中的 生词生词 教师逐句讲解、翻译并教师逐句讲解、翻译并教读文章教读文章 学生完学生完 成与文章有关的练习题成与文章有关的练习题；2.2.没有合理地没有合理地、有效地利用、有效地利用“阅读策略阅读策略”；3.3.把阅读材料分解成孤立的语言知识点，忽略对文章的把阅读材料分解成孤立的语言知识点，忽略对文章的 整体分析和教学。整体分析和教学。(二二).).学生学习过程中存在的问题：学生学习过程中存在的问题：1对阅读的兴趣不高，普遍有心理障碍和畏惧情

6、对阅读的兴趣不高，普遍有心理障碍和畏惧情 绪，如：生词、长难句子；绪，如：生词、长难句子；2 2没有获得相应的阅读技巧；阅读速度缓慢；不没有获得相应的阅读技巧；阅读速度缓慢；不 良阅读习惯影响阅读速度，如：唇读、指读等；良阅读习惯影响阅读速度，如：唇读、指读等；3缺乏对语篇的领悟能力。缺乏对语篇的领悟能力。二二.阅读教学的对策：阅读教学的对策：1 1把握步骤与层次：循序渐进地阅读把握步骤与层次：循序渐进地阅读 （reading step by step）A.A.Reading for information 应采用应采用skimming，scanning，以及文化背景知识以及文化背景知识 介绍

7、等方式获取信息，设置介绍等方式获取信息，设置T or F questions 或者或者 WH questions 来来检验信息的正确性。检验信息的正确性。B.B.Reading for comprehension 该该步步骤应骤应使用找使用找 Key words,Topic sentence，Guessing the meaning of the words 及及Using the context等方式来把握等方式来把握对语义对语义及及语语篇篇结结构的理解。构的理解。C.C.Reading for learning 把把learn to read变成变成 read to learn。在语篇的背

8、景中，在语篇的背景中，对所获取的信息进行分析、处理。重视长难句子结构的对所获取的信息进行分析、处理。重视长难句子结构的 分析，可采用归纳、熟读、练习等方式，推进语篇理解分析，可采用归纳、熟读、练习等方式，推进语篇理解 的深度，进一步推断揣摩作者的态度和意图等。的深度，进一步推断揣摩作者的态度和意图等。D.D.Reading for communication 此时，把语篇中的知识，作者的观点内化后变成语言此时，把语篇中的知识，作者的观点内化后变成语言 的输出，进行的输出，进行retell,rewrite 等活动，把语言的输入变等活动，把语言的输入变 成输出，最后实现语言作为交际的本质特征。成输

9、出，最后实现语言作为交际的本质特征。长篇阅读教学备课的建议长篇阅读教学备课的建议:1.1.从文章所包含的三维目标从文章所包含的三维目标,即即:(1)(1)Knowledge object (2)(2)Ability object (3)(3)Moral object 入手入手,对对文章进行分析。文章进行分析。2.2.有效地利用阅读策略、标题、图片。有效地利用阅读策略、标题、图片。3.3.强化语言知识、语言技能、学习策略、情感态度、强化语言知识、语言技能、学习策略、情感态度、文化意识这五个方面文化意识这五个方面,共同促进学生综合运用语言共同促进学生综合运用语言 的能力。的能力。4.4.4.4.阅

10、读课教学方法阅读课教学方法阅读课教学方法阅读课教学方法(建议建议建议建议)：a.a.a.a.略读略读略读略读:通读全文通读全文通读全文通读全文,了解大意及语境（整体阅读，主旨大了解大意及语境（整体阅读，主旨大了解大意及语境（整体阅读，主旨大了解大意及语境（整体阅读，主旨大 意）。意）。意）。意）。b.b.b.b.细读细读细读细读:注意上下文的逻辑关系（正确猜词，筛选信息，注意上下文的逻辑关系（正确猜词，筛选信息，注意上下文的逻辑关系（正确猜词，筛选信息，注意上下文的逻辑关系（正确猜词，筛选信息，归纳信息，理清文章脉络）。归纳信息，理清文章脉络）。归纳信息，理清文章脉络）。归纳信息，理清文章脉络

11、）。c.c.c.c.研读研读研读研读:掌握文句深层含义掌握文句深层含义掌握文句深层含义掌握文句深层含义,推理得出作者意图。推理得出作者意图。推理得出作者意图。推理得出作者意图。老师应精心设计专项性训练（将课文改编成选老师应精心设计专项性训练（将课文改编成选老师应精心设计专项性训练（将课文改编成选老师应精心设计专项性训练（将课文改编成选择填空、完形填空题、短文选词填空题、填补信息题择填空、完形填空题、短文选词填空题、填补信息题择填空、完形填空题、短文选词填空题、填补信息题择填空、完形填空题、短文选词填空题、填补信息题），以强化学生的整体理解，利用上下文进行逻），以强化学生的整体理解，利用上下文进

12、行逻），以强化学生的整体理解，利用上下文进行逻），以强化学生的整体理解，利用上下文进行逻辑推理和正确变化词形的解题能力。辑推理和正确变化词形的解题能力。辑推理和正确变化词形的解题能力。辑推理和正确变化词形的解题能力。阅读教学中需要注意的几点阅读教学中需要注意的几点:1.从整体到局部从整体到局部,挖细节挖细节;文文文文 句句句句 词词词词 2.每篇每篇Reading 材料都有自己的材料都有自己的Reading strategy 作指导作指导,可借此有目的地调整阅读方法和阅读技可借此有目的地调整阅读方法和阅读技 巧。巧。3.可采用可采用总总总总-分分分分-总总总总 的模式的模式4.针对不同文体设计

13、教学方法针对不同文体设计教学方法强化阅读，培养学生的阅读技巧强化阅读，培养学生的阅读技巧 n n n n 让学生涉足不同体裁让学生涉足不同体裁让学生涉足不同体裁让学生涉足不同体裁(议论文、说明文、记叙文、应用议论文、说明文、记叙文、应用议论文、说明文、记叙文、应用议论文、说明文、记叙文、应用文、文学作品文、文学作品文、文学作品文、文学作品)，不同题材内容，不同题材内容，不同题材内容，不同题材内容(故事性、传记式、书信、故事性、传记式、书信、故事性、传记式、书信、故事性、传记式、书信、日记、科普类、广告、新闻报道、计划说明、报告文学等日记、科普类、广告、新闻报道、计划说明、报告文学等日记、科普类

14、、广告、新闻报道、计划说明、报告文学等日记、科普类、广告、新闻报道、计划说明、报告文学等)的文章来开阔学生的视野。的文章来开阔学生的视野。的文章来开阔学生的视野。的文章来开阔学生的视野。n n n n 课文教学中课文教学中课文教学中课文教学中注重注重注重注重整体阅读整体阅读整体阅读整体阅读,使学生明确文章的框架脉络使学生明确文章的框架脉络使学生明确文章的框架脉络使学生明确文章的框架脉络,注重注重注重注重文章和句子深层含义的理解文章和句子深层含义的理解文章和句子深层含义的理解文章和句子深层含义的理解,注重注重注重注重上下文猜词能力上下文猜词能力上下文猜词能力上下文猜词能力,推理推理推理推理能力的

15、培养。能力的培养。能力的培养。能力的培养。n n n n 加强对英语国家文化习俗的积累。加强对英语国家文化习俗的积累。加强对英语国家文化习俗的积累。加强对英语国家文化习俗的积累。为了培养学生的阅读能力，为了培养学生的阅读能力，学生应学会阅读不同文体的方学生应学会阅读不同文体的方学生应学会阅读不同文体的方学生应学会阅读不同文体的方法、学会如何归纳梳理文章、如何把握文章的逻辑关系、如何法、学会如何归纳梳理文章、如何把握文章的逻辑关系、如何法、学会如何归纳梳理文章、如何把握文章的逻辑关系、如何法、学会如何归纳梳理文章、如何把握文章的逻辑关系、如何根据上下文猜词等。根据上下文猜词等。根据上下文猜词等。

16、根据上下文猜词等。第二部分：教学实例 Grade 8 (A)Unit 2 3a Step 1.Show Ss the picture of Yin and Yang and ask them:1.Whats this?Yin and Yang.2.What do you think of it?Strange/New/Fantastic/Unusual 3.What are they like?Fish.4.How many are there?Two5.What color are they?One is white,the other is black.6.What does the bl

17、ack fish stand for?Yin.(female)7.How about the white fish?Yang.(male)8.Do you know Huangqi and Dangsheng?Do you ever try them?Yes,we call them herbs,Chinese medicine./No.Yes./No.9.Can you name some other Chinese medicine?Renshen,Danggui,Juemingzi 10.Do you ever try western pills?Yes.But many people(

18、especially the old)in China believe Chinese medicine.11.What is the most important in Chinese medicine?To keep the balance of Yin and Yang.12.Can you guess what well learn today?Why?A healthy lifestyle,the Chinese way.In order to keep healthy.Step 2.Skimming Step 3.Listen to the tape and answer the

19、questions “T”or “F”1.We need a balance of Yin and Yang if we want to be healthy.2.Beef can make you stronger.3.Dongsheng and Huangqi can make you weak.4.If you are often stressed out and angry,it means you have too much yang.5.Tofu is a kind of Yin food.6.Only Chinese people believe Chinese medicine

20、.Step 4.Teach phrases in the questions.Then ask Ss to read the article carefully and answer “Wh-”questions.1.What do traditional Chinese doctors believe?2.If I am often tired,whats the matter with me?3.What kind of people need Dangsheng and Hungqi?4.Whats important in Chinese medicine?3a.Read the ar

21、ticle.What are Ben Lamberts vacation plans?Ben Lamberts Vacation Plans!Ben is going to Canadas Great Lakes.He is leaving the first week in June and staying until September.He plans to have a very relaxing vacation.“Im taking walks()going fishing,()and going bike riding.()Im planning to spend time in

22、 the beautiful countryside.I hope I can forget all my problems!At night,Im renting videos()and sleeping()a lot A great vacation!I cant wait!”in Canada and U.S.in AmericaWhere Canada is:in EuropeWhere Spain is:in EuropeAbout some countriesFill in Chart II.After readingAfter readingthe first week in J

23、uneWhen he is leaving:CanadaWhere he is going:a singerWhat he is:Ben Lamberttaking walks,going fishing,going bike riding,renting videossleep a lotWhat he is doing:When he is coming back:in SeptemberGrade 8 (A)Unit 12 3a 3a Read the article,then answer the question:What is the article about?Its a sur

24、vey from readers.Its about places in town.Read the article and fill in the chart.NameEvaluation(评评价价)Specialty (特点特点)Screen City cheapest most popular,cheapest really bad serviceJazz 107.9 FM Places in townthe biggest screens,the most comfortable seatsTown Cinema the friendliest serviceJasons the be

25、st quality clothingFunky Fashionsworst really greatthe most interesting music best What do you think about these places?Pizza Hut Sichuan Snack-barChongqing Hot Pot food,service,price,seats,environment(环境环境)Homework:What do you think about places in our city?Please do a survey,then write it down.Key

26、 Points:food,service,price,seats,environment(环境环境)P69 3a （采取分类、列表的方式引导学生进行阅读）（采取分类、列表的方式引导学生进行阅读）Nameloveslikesdoesnt minddoesnt likecant standJackJordanWilliamJonesGina TaylorAnn RiceJerry GreenP75 3a（采用总（采用总分分总的阅读方式）总的阅读方式）1.He did a radio interview2.Put up some signsAsk for old bikes3.Call up all

27、 his friends4.Hand out ad.at a local 5.Tell the teachers at school6.Fix up the old bikesGive away to children Make a note of the things that Jimmy did to solve his problem WhatTian Tian is going to _.Where Shes going to _.be an artistmove to Paris Read and fill in the chart HowShes going to1._.2._.3

28、._.4._.find a part-time job and save some moneybe a student at an art schoolstudy French at the same timehold art exhibitionsTian Tians going to hold art exhibitions.why 1.be rich 2.buy a big house 3.travel all over the world 4.retire somewhere quiet and beautiful建议：建议：长篇课文教学的课时：长篇课文教学的课时：1.5 2 个课时个

29、课时 新课程标准新课程标准对对语言技能目标（五级）语言技能目标（五级）“读读”的要求：的要求：1.能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义；能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义；2.能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系；能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系；3.能找出文章中的主题，理解故事的情节，预测故事情能找出文章中的主题，理解故事的情节，预测故事情 节的发展和可能的结局。节的发展和可能的结局。4.能读懂常见体裁的阅读材料；能读懂常见体裁的阅读材料；5.能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息；能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息；6.能利用字典等工具书进行学习；能利用字典等工具

30、书进行学习；7.除教材外，课外阅读量应累计达到除教材外，课外阅读量应累计达到15万词以上。万词以上。Section 1 Before You Read1a.Tell us what you know about robots.Describe your idea of a robot.Say what it looks like and what it can do.Grade 8 (B)Unit 1 Reading:Do you think you will have your own robots?Have you ever seen some science fiction movies

31、?1.What do the robots look like in the movies?2.What can they do?What do they look like?They look like humans.What does it look like?It looks like a dog.This robot looks like a huge arm.What can the robots do?speakdo exercise run cookplay the pianoplay footballdancehelp people do the most unpleasant

32、 jobshelp with the houseworkWhat can robots do?shapeshumanssnakehuge arm dogdo houseworkplay with people play footballlook for peopledo unpleasant jobswalk and dancetalk1b.Read the title of the text.Then circle the words and phrases you think you will read in the passage.Compare your predictions wit

33、h your partner.housework cars years ago bored will was koalas buildings less work swimming possible America doctor piano backpackSection 2 While You ReadReading strategy:Look at the title and picture,and predicate what you will read about.This helps you get ready to acquire new information.The main

34、idea of the passage:It tells us what robots may look like and what they can do now and in the future.将下列短语配对：将下列短语配对：1.花费好几百年的时间花费好几百年的时间2.和人一样做相同的事和人一样做相同的事3.让机器人走路或跳舞让机器人走路或跳舞4.做最不愉快的工作做最不愉快的工作5.帮忙做家务帮忙做家务6.科幻小说科幻小说 7.看起来像看起来像look likescience fictiontake hundreds of yearshelp with the houseworkdo

35、the most unpleasant jobsmake robots walk and dancedo the same things as a person8.例如例如9.寻找寻找10.变得烦躁变得烦躁11.与人交谈与人交谈12.一遍又一遍一遍又一遍13.做简单的工作做简单的工作14.看起来有可能的看起来有可能的over and over againdo simple jobstalk to peopleseem possiblefor exampleget boredlook for1.In some science fiction movies,what will people hav

36、e in the future?2.Which country has robots that can walk and dance?3.Where are the huge arm robots working now?Robots.Japan.In factories.Read and answer the questions：4.What does James White think?5.What kind of job can a snake robot do?He thinks that it will be difficult for a robot to do the same

37、things as a person.After an earthquake,it could help look for people under buildings.Section 3 After You Read3a.Go through the reading again.How many words in 1b did you correctly predict?3b.Find examples of the following structures in the reading.Then make your own sentences.the same as to help do

38、makedo to help with to take(period of time)3c.What things can robots do?Make a list.Are they useful or not?Discuss with your partner and give each item a rating from 1(not useful at all)to 5(very useful).Robots canUseful ratinghelp with the housework3What ways do you think a robot will help you and

39、your family in the future?Write your ideas.helping look for people playing games helping with the housework walking and dancing talking to people looking after babies cleaning the house I think we will need robots for:Section 4 Go for it!A:Which is you favorite robot?B:The first one is my favorite.A

40、:What can it do?B:I think it can catch many mice.Pairwork:Homework 写作写作内容内容:你想要拥有你自己的机器人，你想要拥有你自己的机器人，跟科学家描述一下你都要求你的机器跟科学家描述一下你都要求你的机器人会什么技能！人会什么技能！Dear robot-maker,I am a student from No.33 Middle School._ _.Yours After-school activities I do:Play sportsListen to musicDiscuss problems with classmat

41、es or teachersGo shoppingDo some readingI dont do:Hang outAsk the teachers for some adviceGet a tutor to come to my homeUnit 2 Reading:Maybe you should learn to relax!Section 1 Before You Read 1a.What after-school activities can you think of?Complete the boxes.They usually play football after school

42、.What after-school activities do they have?He joins the dancing club.She listens to music.She has the piano lessons.They have a barbecue(烧烤烧烤)party.She stays at home and watches TV.He studies for a test.football compare complain pushy pressure organized freedom 查字典是学习的好办法查字典是学习的好办法.但是因但是因为语境的原因为语境的原

43、因,有时候给你的意思是有时候给你的意思是错误的错误的.因此因此,最好是用学习字典最好是用学习字典,帮帮助你理解单词在不同的语境下的意助你理解单词在不同的语境下的意思思.1b.Look up these words in a dictionary.Check()each one when you understand.Section 2 While You Read Reading strategy:You will learn to use new words better if you use a learners dictionary.A bilingual dictionary some

44、times gives the wrong meaning for the situation you want.What about foreign childrens school lives?Are they happier than us?Reading Skills1.速读以求理解速读以求理解2.带着问题复读带着问题复读3.细读解决疑难细读解决疑难Fast reading(read it as quickly as possible and get the main ideas)Para 1Para 2Para 3Para 4Para 5 Dr Alice Greens viewpo

45、int(观点观点).Parents take their children from activity to activity.Cathy Taylors children are busy.Parents push their children a lot more.What Linda Miller tells us about childrens pressure.Life for Cathy Taylors three children is very busy.Their school days are busy enough.After school,though,Cathy ta

46、kes the two boys from football to basketball.Then she has to take her daughter to piano lessons.The tired children dont get home until 7 pm.They have a quick supper,and its time for homework.The Taylors are like many American and Britishparents.They take their children from activity to activity,and

47、try to fit as much as possible into their kids lives.Doctors say many children are under too much pressure.Teachers complain about teaching tiredkids in the classroom.试图把孩子的生活填满试图把孩子的生活填满.在繁重的压力下在繁重的压力下.Most children take part in after-schoolclubs.Activities include sports,languagelearning,music,and

48、 math classes.Pushyparents are nothing new,but now parentsseem to push their children a lot more.Parents see other children doing a lot ofthings,and they feel their own children should do the same.固执的家长们没有新的变化固执的家长们没有新的变化,但是更多的家长但是更多的家长把孩子们推向这些压力之下把孩子们推向这些压力之下.Linda Miller,a mother of three in Londo

49、n,knows all about such pressure.“In some families,competition starts from a very young age,”she says.“Mothers sendtheir kids to all kinds of classes And they are always comparing them with other children.Its crazy.People shouldnt push their kids so hard.”人们不应该这般用力地逼迫他们的孩子人们不应该这般用力地逼迫他们的孩子.crazy adj.

50、:疯狂的疯狂的crazy-crazier-craziestpush n.：推动，推行，逼迫，提携，扩展：推动，推行，逼迫，提携，扩展 Dr Alice Green agrees.She also says that these children may find it hard to thinkfor themselves when they are older.“Parentsare trying to plan their kids lives for them.When these kids are adults,they might findit difficult to plan t