气体检测仪培训教材wangchengliang资料PPT学习教案.pptx
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1、会计学1气体气体(qt)检测仪培训教材检测仪培训教材wangchengliang资料资料第一页,共68页。Biosystem Biosystem 气检仪气检仪气检仪气检仪第1页/共68页第二页,共68页。Atmospheric Monitoring Atmospheric Monitoring Atmospheric Monitoring 大气大气大气大气大气大气(dq)(dq)(dq)检测检测检测检测检测检测Three basic kinds of hazards:Three basic kinds of hazards:三种基本危险三种基本危险三种基本危险三种基本危险Oxygen(defi
2、ciency and enrichment)Oxygen(deficiency and enrichment)氧气氧气氧气氧气(y(y ngq)ngq)(缺乏或过量)(缺乏或过量)(缺乏或过量)(缺乏或过量)Flammable gases and vaporsFlammable gases and vapors易燃气体和易燃气体和易燃气体和易燃气体和蒸汽蒸汽蒸汽蒸汽Toxic contaminantsToxic contaminants有毒污染物有毒污染物有毒污染物有毒污染物第2页/共68页第三页,共68页。Oxygen Deficiency Oxygen Deficiency 氧气氧气氧气氧
3、气(y(y ngq)ngq)缺乏缺乏缺乏缺乏Atmospheric Monitoring Atmospheric Monitoring 大气大气大气大气(dq)(dq)检测检测检测检测第3页/共68页第四页,共68页。OSHA Has Determined Asphyxiation OSHA Has Determined Asphyxiation toto Be Be the Leading Cause of Death in the Leading Cause of Death in Confined Spaces Confined Spaces OSHAOSHA法规确定窒息性(惰性)气体是
4、造成法规确定窒息性(惰性)气体是造成法规确定窒息性(惰性)气体是造成法规确定窒息性(惰性)气体是造成 密闭空间密闭空间密闭空间密闭空间(kngjin)(kngjin)死亡的主要原因死亡的主要原因死亡的主要原因死亡的主要原因Atmospheric Monitoring Atmospheric Monitoring 大气大气大气大气(dq)(dq)检测检测检测检测第4页/共68页第五页,共68页。Atmospheric Monitoring Atmospheric Monitoring Atmospheric Monitoring 大气大气大气大气大气大气(dq)(dq)(dq)检测检测检测检测检
5、测检测Composition of fresh air 新鲜空气的组成成分78%nitrogen 78%氮气(dn q)20.9%oxygen20.9%氧气1.1%all other gases1.1%的其他气体Water vapor水蒸气CO2二氧化碳Argon氩气Other trace gases其他气体第5页/共68页第六页,共68页。Air is oxygen deficient whenever concentration is less than 19.5%O2当空气当空气(kngq)中氧气浓度低于中氧气浓度低于19.5%时就为氧气时就为氧气缺乏缺乏Oxygen Deficienc
6、y Oxygen Deficiency 氧气氧气氧气氧气(y(y ngq)ngq)不足不足不足不足第6页/共68页第七页,共68页。Symptoms of Oxygen Deficiency Symptoms of Oxygen Deficiency 氧气氧气(y(yngq)ngq)缺乏的特征缺乏的特征20.9%新鲜空气中氧气含量19.5%-12%判断力降低,脉搏和呼吸加快,疲劳,协调能力降低12%-10%呼吸紊乱,循环降低,疲劳恶化和失去重要功能,在几秒钟到几分钟内出现其他症状 10%-6%恶心,呕吐,行动无力,失去直觉,直至死亡 6%-0%抽搐,呼吸急促,呼吸停止,心跳停止,在数分钟内出现
7、失去直觉,死亡症状第7页/共68页第八页,共68页。n nDisplacementDisplacement惰性气体置换惰性气体置换n nMicrobial actionMicrobial action生物生物/细菌行为细菌行为n nOxidationOxidation氧化氧化n nCombustionCombustion燃烧燃烧(rnsho)(rnsho)n nAbsorptionAbsorption吸收吸收Causes of Oxygen Deficiency造成氧气不足造成氧气不足(bz)的原因的原因第8页/共68页第九页,共68页。“Fuel cell”principle“Fuel ce
8、ll”principle燃料电池原理燃料电池原理Sensor generates electrical current proportional Sensor generates electrical current proportional toto the O2 the O2 concentration concentration 传感器产生同氧气浓度成比例的电流传感器产生同氧气浓度成比例的电流Sensor used up over time(usually last one Sensor used up over time(usually last one toto two years)
9、two years)传感器长期使用将会失效传感器长期使用将会失效(sh xio)(sh xio)(通常持续(通常持续1 1到到2 2年)年)Oxygen Sensor Detection Principle 氧气检测氧气检测(jin c)传感器原理传感器原理第9页/共68页第十页,共68页。爆炸爆炸(bozh)或易燃或易燃的大气环境的大气环境Atmospheric Monitoring Atmospheric Monitoring 大气大气大气大气(dq)(dq)检测检测检测检测第10页/共68页第十一页,共68页。氧气氧气链反应链反应燃烧物燃烧物燃烧源燃烧源Explosion Tetrahe
10、dron 爆炸爆炸(bozh)机理机理第11页/共68页第十二页,共68页。n nDramatically promotes and accelerates combustion Dramatically promotes and accelerates combustion 明显加强和加速燃烧明显加强和加速燃烧n nNever use O2 Never use O2 toto ventilate a confined space!ventilate a confined space!禁止使用将氧气直接通过禁止使用将氧气直接通过(tnggu)(tnggu)通风进入密闭空间通风进入密闭空间n n
11、Proportionally increases the rate of many chemical reactions Proportionally increases the rate of many chemical reactions 相应地增加化学品反应的速率相应地增加化学品反应的速率n nCan cause ordinary combustible materials Can cause ordinary combustible materials toto become flammable or become flammable or explosive explosive 可将
12、普通可燃物可将普通可燃物变成易燃或可爆炸物变成易燃或可爆炸物Oxygen Enrichment氧气氧气(yngq)过量过量第12页/共68页第十三页,共68页。n n29 CFR 1910.146 specifies 23.5%is oxygen 29 CFR 1910.146 specifies 23.5%is oxygen enriched enriched 氧气氧气(y(y ngq)ngq)含量超过含量超过23.5%23.5%为氧气为氧气(y(y ngq)ngq)过量过量 n nOther codes are more stringent Other codes are more str
13、ingent 其他法规更严格其他法规更严格n nMost conservative approach is Most conservative approach is toto use 22%as take use 22%as take action point action point 大部分保守观点是含量超过大部分保守观点是含量超过22%22%Oxygen Enrichment氧气氧气(yngq)过量过量第13页/共68页第十四页,共68页。n nMinimum concentration of a combustible Minimum concentration of a combus
14、tible gas or vapor in air which will ignite if a gas or vapor in air which will ignite if a source of ignition is present source of ignition is present 可燃气体或蒸气在空气中引起燃烧可燃气体或蒸气在空气中引起燃烧(rnsho)(rnsho)的最低的最低 浓度浓度爆炸(bozh)下限第14页/共68页第十五页,共68页。Flammability RangeFlammability RangeFlammability Range燃烧燃烧燃烧燃烧燃烧
15、燃烧(rnsho)(rnsho)(rnsho)范围范围范围范围范围范围气体浓度气体浓度LELUEL燃烧范围燃烧范围第15页/共68页第十六页,共68页。0100%LEL气体浓度气体浓度燃烧范围燃烧范围Combustible Gas/vapor Instruments Read in“Percent LEL”可燃气体可燃气体(qt)/蒸气仪器的读数以百分比指示蒸气仪器的读数以百分比指示“LEL”第16页/共68页第十七页,共68页。A combustible hazard exists whenever readings exceed 10%LEL 当爆炸当爆炸(bozh)下限超过下限超过10%
16、时时 就会存就会存在燃烧危险在燃烧危险Combustible Hazard燃烧燃烧(rnsho)危害危害第17页/共68页第十八页,共68页。n n等同于等同于100%LEL100%LEL的气体浓度的气体浓度:n n甲烷甲烷5.0%/vol.5.0%/vol.n n丙烷丙烷2.2%/vol.2.2%/vol.n n戊烷戊烷1.8%/vol.1.8%/vol.n n硫化氢硫化氢4.3%/vol.4.3%/vol.n n一氧化碳一氧化碳12.5%/vol.12.5%/vol.n n完全燃烧环境的气体浓度完全燃烧环境的气体浓度(100%LEL)(100%LEL)和和 爆炸下限传感器反应的比率不爆炸下
17、限传感器反应的比率不是是(b shi)(b shi)线性的线性的,无论如何无论如何,顺序通常是一样的顺序通常是一样的LEL Concentrations for Different Gases 不同不同(b tn)气体的气体的LEL浓度浓度第18页/共68页第十九页,共68页。Combustible sensors may be poisoned Or suffer degraded Combustible sensors may be poisoned Or suffer degraded performance with Prolonged exposure performance wit
18、h Prolonged exposure toto:可燃传感器有可能可燃传感器有可能(knng)(knng)中毒或发生性能退化由于长期暴露中毒或发生性能退化由于长期暴露于:于:SiliconesSilicones硅树脂硅树脂Tetraethyl-leadTetraethyl-lead四已基四已基-铅铅Halogenated hydrocarbonsHalogenated hydrocarbons卤化碳氢化和物卤化碳氢化和物High concentrations of sulfidesHigh concentrations of sulfides 高浓度硫化物高浓度硫化物High concent
19、rations of flammable gasHigh concentrations of flammable gas高浓度易燃气体高浓度易燃气体Poisoning中毒中毒(zhng d)第19页/共68页第二十页,共68页。n nAs an LEL sensor become poisoned the sensors surface and the sensors As an LEL sensor become poisoned the sensors surface and the sensors pores will be coated with oxidized silicone p
20、ores will be coated with oxidized silicone 当当LELLEL探头的表面和通道涂上氧化硅时将造成探头中毒探头的表面和通道涂上氧化硅时将造成探头中毒n nA silicone poisoned sensor will first loose its ability A silicone poisoned sensor will first loose its ability toto detect methane,detect methane,while not exhibiting any noticeable inhibition while not
21、exhibiting any noticeable inhibition toto detect other detect other combustible gases combustible gases 硅硅中毒的探头将首先中毒的探头将首先(sh(sh uxin)uxin)失去检测甲烷的能力,失去检测甲烷的能力,n nAs poisoning progresses the the LEL sensor will eventually lose is ability As poisoning progresses the the LEL sensor will eventually lose
22、 is ability toto detect any combustible gases detect any combustible gases 当当LELLEL探头中毒时将最终失去检测任何可燃气体的能力探头中毒时将最终失去检测任何可燃气体的能力Poisoning中毒中毒(zhng d)第20页/共68页第二十一页,共68页。Toxic Gases and Vapors Toxic Gases and Vapors 有毒气体和蒸气有毒气体和蒸气有毒气体和蒸气有毒气体和蒸气(zhn(zhn q)q)Atmospheric Monitoring Atmospheric Monitoring 大
23、气大气大气大气(dq)(dq)检测检测检测检测第21页/共68页第二十二页,共68页。n n最普遍的:n nCarbon monoxide(CO)一氧化碳n nHydrogen sulfide(H2S)硫化氢n nCombination sensors are available 可以(ky)提供复合型探头Biosystems Toxic Gas Sensors有毒气体探头有毒气体探头(tn tu)第22页/共68页第二十三页,共68页。n n不常见不常见:n nSulfur dioxide(SO2)Sulfur dioxide(SO2)二氧化硫二氧化硫(r y(r y ng hu li)ng
24、 hu li)n nChlorine(Cl2)/chlorine dioxide(ClO2)Chlorine(Cl2)/chlorine dioxide(ClO2)氯气氯气/二氧化氯二氧化氯n nAmmonia(NH3)Ammonia(NH3)氨气氨气n nPhosphine(PH3)Phosphine(PH3)磷化氢磷化氢n nNitrogen dioxide(NO2)Nitrogen dioxide(NO2)二氧化氮二氧化氮n nHydrogen cyanide(HCN)Hydrogen cyanide(HCN)氰化氢氰化氢n nNitric oxide(NO)Nitric oxide(N
25、O)氧化氮氧化氮Biosystems Toxic Gas Sensors有毒气体探头有毒气体探头(tn tu)第23页/共68页第二十四页,共68页。n nMicrobial action on material in CSMicrobial action on material in CS密闭空间内微生物活动密闭空间内微生物活动n nProducts or chemicals stored in CSProducts or chemicals stored in CS储藏在密闭空间内的化学储藏在密闭空间内的化学(huxu)(huxu)产品产品n nWork being performed i
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