高中英语动词不定式ppt课件.ppt

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1、To do that sort of thing is foolish。I want to see you this evening.All you have to do is to finish it quickly.We found a house to live in.She came here to study English.I warned the patient not to eat cold water after the operation.主语主语宾语宾语表语表语定语定语状语状语宾宾补补一、用法一、用法1.作主语作主语2)2)用用it it作形式主语用不定式作形式主语用不定

2、式 (It+be+adj./n.+to do sth)3)3)例外：例外：It is no good/no use/no help+doing sth.It is no use arguing about it.1)1)常用动名词常用动名词Learning English is very important.Learning English is very important.It is important to learn English.2.作宾语作宾语1)v+只跟只跟todolearn/agree/ask/offer/happen/pretend/promise/plan/intend/

3、hope/wish/decide/refuse/fail/manageShehopestofindabetterjob.Iwishtogowithyou.2)v+只跟doingfinish/complete/enjoy/mind/practise/consider/suggest/advise/miss/avoid/admit/deny/permit/allow/forbid/imagine/understand/include/risk/delaykeep(on)/give up/insist on/succeed in/feel like/put off/be worth/be used

4、to/look forward to I enjoy playing basketball.She practises playing the piano for an hour every day.但是advise/consider/allow/permit/forbid/admit sb to do sthHe advised going on a trip to Guangzhou.He advised us to go on a trip to Guangzhou.3)V+to do/doing 区别不大。begin/start/like/love/hate/dislike4)v+to

5、do/doing区别很大区别很大forget/remember/stop/goonregret/try/mean/canthelpneed/want/requiretrytodo努力做某事努力做某事trydoing试着做某事试着做某事regrettodo对要做的某事表示遗憾对要做的某事表示遗憾regretdoing对已做的某事表示后对已做的某事表示后悔悔meantodo打算做打算做meandoing意味着意味着canthelp(to)do不能帮忙做某不能帮忙做某事事canthelpdoing情不自禁做某事情不自禁做某事need/want/requiresthneed/want/required

6、oing=sthneed/want/requiretobedone某事需要被做某事需要被做3.宾语补足语：宾语补足语：1）ask类（类（v+sbtodosth）want/wish/order/like/wouldlike/helpforce/allow/permit/forbid/advise/considerSheaskedmetohelpher.Theteachertoldhimtocomeontime.2）感官动词类（）感官动词类（V+sb.+dosth.）see/hear/notice/find/watch/lookat/hear/listento/feel/smellI often

7、hear them sing the song in the next room.We watched them play football.The teacher made me answer the question.但但这些动词用于被动结构时，省去的这些动词用于被动结构时，省去的to要加上。要加上。They were heard to sing a pop song.He was made to answer the question.3）使役动词类）使役动词类（V+sb.+dosth.）make/let/have1.Hewasmade_.A.goB.goneC.goingD.togo2

8、.Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesister_,todayhewasmade_byhislittlesister.A.cry；tocryB.crying；cryingB.cry；cryD.tocry；cry注意注意B.动词不定式的否定式只须在动词不定式的否定式只须在to前加前加not.Myfatherdecidednottotakeupthejob.Theteachertoldusnottobelateagain.注意注意C.带疑问词的动词不定式在带疑问词的动词不定式在to前加疑问词前加疑问词。Mr.Linwillteachushowtousethecomputer

9、.Canyoutellmewheretogetthebook?注意注意D.作简短回答或避免不必要的重复时，作简短回答或避免不必要的重复时，动词不定式常常省去动词不定式常常省去to后面后面的动词，只的动词，只保留保留to。A:Wouldyouliketocometomyparty?Marywantedtousemybike,butIaskedhernotto(usemybike).B:Yes,Idloveto(cometoyourparty).Mary想用我的自行车，但我叫她别用。想用我的自行车，但我叫她别用。4.作表语作表语doing表习惯性动作；表习惯性动作；todo表将来一次性性动作表将来

10、一次性性动作My wish is to become a scientist.My job is teaching you English.5.作状语作状语不定式：作目的、结果（不定式：作目的、结果（only之后）和原因（之后）和原因（v./adj.之后）之后）分词：作时间、条件、伴随、结果和原因（句首）分词：作时间、条件、伴随、结果和原因（句首）不定式作目的状语不定式作目的状语：不定式用作目的状语时，其句：不定式用作目的状语时，其句意特点很明显，通常在译成中文时可用意特点很明显，通常在译成中文时可用“为了为了”来来表示。表示。Tosaveclasstime,ourteacherhasusst

11、udentsdohalfoftheexercisesinclassandcompletetheotherhalfforourhomework.Doctorsworkedthroughthenighttosavethelifeoftheinjuredman.不定式作结果状语only to,enough to,too to,never toThat tool is too heavy to lift directly The temperature is high enough to change water into steam He went home,only to find the doo

12、r open and everything was gone.He left,never to come back.（2005.福建卷）福建卷）Cantheprojectbefinishedasplanned?Sure,_itcompletedintime,wellworktwomorehoursaday.A.havinggotB.togetC.gettingD.get（2005.广东卷）广东卷）Hehurriedtothestationonly_thatthetrainhadleft.A.tofindB.findingC.foundD.tohavefound（2005.重庆重庆卷）卷）Dad

13、dydidntmindwhatweweredoing,aslongasweweretogether,_fun.A.hadB.haveC.tohaveD.having6.作定语作定语todo将来的主动动作，将来的主动动作，tobedone表将来的被动动表将来的被动动作（作（句中有逻辑主语时用句中有逻辑主语时用todo，若是不及物动词，若是不及物动词，要加介词要加介词）Ihavetwobookstoread.Have you got anything to say?Hes looking for a room to live in.Idonthaveapentowritewith.Ihaveclo

14、thestowash,anddoyouhaveclothestobewashed?Thequestiontobediscussedisveryimportant.不定式与它修饰的名词是逻辑上的动宾关不定式与它修饰的名词是逻辑上的动宾关系，且主语是不定式中的动词所表示动系，且主语是不定式中的动词所表示动作的逻辑主语或在句中能找到其逻辑主作的逻辑主语或在句中能找到其逻辑主语语。He has a lot of work to do today Do you have anything more to say 区别：Are you going to the ball to be held on New

15、 Years Eve？1.Frankisthekindofpersonwhopeopleliketo_.makefriendwithB.makefriendsofC.makefriendsD.makefriendswith2.Theassistantworksveryhard.Sheisalwaysthefirst_andthelast_.A.come,leaveB.coming,leavingC.tocome,toleaveD.tocome,leaving解析：由解析：由only,last,next,序数词或形容词最高序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式做定语。再如：级修饰的名词常用不定

16、式做定语。再如：Sheisalwaysthefirststudenttoarriveatschool.二、动词不定式的形式二、动词不定式的形式一般式：一般式：todo（表将来）（表将来）一般被动式：一般被动式：tobedone进行式：进行式：tobedoing（表正在进行）（表正在进行）完成式：完成式：tohavedone（表已经完成）（表已经完成）完成被动式：完成被动式：tohavebeendone否定式否定式:nottodo动词不定式的时态动词不定式的时态1.Iopenedthedoortoentertheroom.2.Mr.Smithisgoingtoattendthemeetingto

17、beheldtomorrow.一般式一般式(todo).不定式的一般式所不定式的一般式所表示的动作（状态）表示的动作（状态）同时（或几乎同时）同时（或几乎同时）发生，或之后发生。发生，或之后发生。.进行式进行式(tobedoing)1.Iamverygladtobeworkingwithyou.2.Heissaidtobecoming.如果谓语表示的动作如果谓语表示的动作（情况）发生时，不（情况）发生时，不定式所表示的动作正定式所表示的动作正在进行。在进行。动词不定式的时态动词不定式的时态动词不定式的时态动词不定式的时态.完成式（完成式（tohavedone)1.Iamsorrytohavek

18、eptyouwaitingsolong.2.YouseemedtohavereadthenovelwrittenbyMr.Smith.如果谓语表示如果谓语表示的动作发生在的动作发生在不定式之前。不定式之前。1.Iopenedthedoor_(enter)theroom.2.Mr.Smithisgoingtoattendthemeeting_(hold)tomorrow.3.Robertissaid_(study)abroad,butIdidntknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.4.Iamsorry_(keep)youwaitingsolong.5.Hedidntlike_(

19、laugh).6.Heclaimed_(badlytreat)inthesuppermarketwhenhewasdoingshoppingyesterday.7.Theteachertoldus_(be)late again.toentertobeheldtohavestudiedtohavekepttobelaughedattohavebeenbadlytreatednottobe三、疑问词三、疑问词+动词不定式动词不定式用作主语、宾语等。用作主语、宾语等。When to start has not been decided.I dont know what to do.He can te

20、ll you where to get the book.I dont know how to do it.四、动词不定式的复合结构：四、动词不定式的复合结构：1)for sb.to do sth2)(It is+性格性格adj+)ofsb.todosth性格性格adj：nice,kind,cruel,thoughtful,careful,carelessIt is very important for us to learn English.It is difficult for him to finish the task in such a short time.Itisverynice

21、ofyoutohelpme.Itwascarelessofhimtomakesuchamistake.达标练习达标练习1.Fillintheblankswiththeproperformsoftheverbsgiven.1.Imafraiditllbeveryhardforyou_(adapt)thisstoryforchildren.2.After_(think)everythingover,shedecided_(notresign)herpost.3.Youdbetternotget_(annoy)athisignorance.4.Allofusaresatisfied,sinceeve

22、rythingseems_(go)onsmoothly.toadaptthinkingnottoresignannoyedtobegoing5.Itmightbebetter_(try)_(discuss)inhisownlanguageasheisntusedto_(speak)inEnglishyet.6._(see)fromthehilltop,thelakeisextremelybeautiful.7.Ifyoucouldntgetanything_(open)thebeerbottlewith,whynot_(try)_(open)itwithyourteeth.8.WhenIope

23、nthedoorInoticedsomeone_(sit)byherside_(talk)withher.totrydiscussingspeakingSeentoopentryopeningsittingtalking9.Heranallthewaytothestationonly_(find)thetrainhadleft.10.-Didhemanage_(carry)thetruckupstairs?-No,hedidnt.heisntstrongenougheven_(move)it.11.Sheremembered_(pass)onmostoftheinformation,butsh

24、eforgot_(mention)oneortwoofthemostimportantfacts.12.Theenemywasreported_(run)awaytwodaysbefore.tofindtocarrytomovepassingtomentiontohaverun2.Translation1.我能听到你的声音真高兴。我能听到你的声音真高兴。It is so nice for me to hear your voice.2.我忘记关灯了我忘记关灯了 I am sorry to have forgotten to turn off the light.3.Lucy告诉他不要哭。告诉他不要哭。Lucy told him not to cry.4.我的梦想就是成为一名科学家。我的梦想就是成为一名科学家。My dream is to be a scientist.5.我没什么可担心的。我没什么可担心的。I have nothing to worry about.6.为了赶车，我早早地起床了。为了赶车，我早早地起床了。(Inorder)tocatchthebus,Igotupearly.7.我不喜欢被盯着看我不喜欢被盯着看.Idontliketobestaredat.