高二英语Unit11—Scientificachievements知识精讲试题_1.pdf

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1、日期：2022 年二月八日。日期：2022 年二月八日。高二英语 Unit 11Scientific achievements 人教版 制卷人：打自企；成别使；而都那。审核人：众闪壹；春壹阑；各厅 日期：2022 年二月八日。【本讲教育信息】一.教学内容：Unit 11Scientific achievements 1.本单元重要单词及短语的用法 2.重难点句的分析与解释 二.知识总结与归纳：一单元内容介绍：主题：以“科学成就为中心，涉及到：科学家，科学假说，科学理论探究等内容。阅读：1.介绍中关村的形成，开展及其重要意义。2.介绍了四项重大的科技成就：太空探究，生命之谜，计算机网络，战胜癌症

2、。语言学习：构词知识：派生，合成，混合和缩写。二重要单词的用法：1.likely：adj.可能发生某事常见用法：It is likely that 从句 be likely to do sth.It is likely that many of them will be born in northwestern Beijing.It is not likely that I would accept such an offer.日期：2022 年二月八日。日期：2022 年二月八日。Are you likely to be in London this year?It is likely to

3、 rain this afternoon.Likely 做定语表示：可能的，可信的；适宜的，有希望的 What is his most likely shopping place?He seems a likely young fellow for the job.2.arrange：安排，筹划，布置 arrange for：为做准备，为做安排 They helped arrange for his return.Call up and arrange for a taxi,please.arrange for sth.:I arranged with the bank for the loa

4、n.arrange sth.for sth.:Mother has arranged the appointment for me with the doctor.arrange for sth.to do sth.:We arranged with his team to play a game of basketball.arrange that从句:He arranged that the meeting should be put off for a week.=He arranged for the meeting to be put off for a week.3.breakth

5、rough：知识领域重大打破；重大进展/发现；HY 事上的突围 The programme was started in March 1986 and has led to several breakthroughs in science and technology.In 1995,the Chinese government put forward a plan for“rejuvenating the nation by relying on science and education and it has helped Chinese scientists make many brea

6、kthroughs.注意有关 break 的短语：break through：冲破，打破，挣脱/穿越而出，获得打破性成就 The sun finally broke through the clouds.break up：分解 日期：2022 年二月八日。日期：2022 年二月八日。break down：分解，镇压，崩溃，失败，破裂 break out：爆发 break in：闯入 5.byte：at first byte：第一眼，It seems to be love at first byte for China and computers.They recognized each oth

7、er at first byte.6.rely on：依靠=depend on One of the mottos for the park“Relying on science,technology and knowledge to increase economic powermakes it clear that science and business can and must work together to build the future.rely on 的其他构造：rely on sth.for sth.：They rely on themselves,which is muc

8、h better.They relied on the weekly boat for their supplies.rely on sth.to do：You can rely on Peter to do whatever he promises.Most industry within that area can be relied on to increase the production.rely on ones doing:We cant rely on his coming in time.7.set foot in/on：进入，踏进 I will never forget ho

9、w happy I was when set foot in china again and was back with my friends and family.After 20 years working abroad,he set foot on the motherland again.注意有关 set 的其他短语：set up：建立；set about：开场，着手；set off：动身；set out：出发，开场 日期：2022 年二月八日。日期：2022 年二月八日。三重难点句的分析与解释：1.Which one do you think is the most importan

10、t?你认为那一个最重要？句型：疑问词+do you think/suppose/believe+从句的其他局部陈述句语序 Whom do you think he would go with?Where do you think I can get some work to do?2.Whatever great achievements the future may have in store for China.It is likely that many of them will be born in northwestern Beijing.不管中国将来会获得多么大的科学成就，其中许多

11、很有可能将在的西北部问世。1 Whatever great achievements the future may have in store for China 中由 Whatever 引导的让步状语从句，表示“无论什么相当于 no matter what Whatever happens,I must be calm.Whatever the old man was like,most of his scientific work was sound.Whatever 还可以引导名词性从句，表示：任何东西事物 Whatever I have is at your service.You m

12、ust do whatever is best for you.2in store for：等待着某人 Who knows what the future has in store for us.3.It is home to the Chinese Academy of Sciences and more than ten famous universities,它是中科院及十多所著名大学的所在地。is home to：的发源地，所在地 That mountain is home to this kind of wolves.日期：2022 年二月八日。日期：2022 年二月八日。China

13、 is home to pandas.4.The science center got started in the early 1980s,when Chen Chunxian,a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Sciences,opened a private research and development institute.中关村的科技园早在 80 年代就开场创立了，当时一位中科院研究员创办了一所私人研究开展机构。got started：开场。get+过去分词：get married;get engaged to;get paid;get

14、dressed They got married in 2021.Watch out for the fire,or youll get burnt.5.They all have their own characteristics,but they all share the spirit of creativity and scientific skill that have made ZhongGuancun a success.他们都有各自的特色，但是，他们都具有中关村赖以成功的那种创造精神和科学技能。1that have made ZhongGuancun a success 定语从

15、句修饰 the spirit of creativity and scientific skill.2made ZhongGuancun a success：make+宾语+宾补构造：All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.Wherever he is,he makes it a rule to do his morning exercises.Zhongguancun made it possible for him to follow his dream and help the country he loves.3a success：成功的事

16、或者人。抽象名词为不可数名词，在前面加:a/an 词义发生了变化：表示详细的一件事或者人如 success;failure,surprise;pleasure;pity 等。6.Not all the new companies can succeed,but the spirit and creativity they represent are more important than money 并非所有的新公司都能成功，但他们所表达出来的精神和创造性比钱更重要。Not all：并非所有的，局部否认句类似的构造有：not every;not both;或者 All not;Every no

17、t;Both.not 日期：2022 年二月八日。日期：2022 年二月八日。Not all the students went to the movie.All the students didnt go to the movie.I dont know all of them.全部否认表达为：none/none of 7.In 1995,the Chinese government put forward a plan for“rejuvenating the nation by relying on science and education and it has helped Chin

18、ese scientists make many breakthroughs.1995 年中国政府提出了“科教兴国的规划，从而帮助中国的科学家获得了许多打破性进展。put forward：提出，推荐，使提早 Are you serious in putting forward such a view?May I put your name forward as a possible chairman of the committee?The clock had been put forward half an hour.【典型例题】一.单项选择：1.The kings in Egypt bui

19、lt many pyramids to store their bodies and they hoped to _ one day.A.come life B.come to their life C.come back D.return 分析：埃及法老修建金字塔来保存他们的尸体希望他们有朝一日能复活。come to their life：复活，清醒 答案：B 2.When you learn a foreign language,you should _ the spirit of it.A.grasp B.master C.catch D.catch of 分析：学外语应该领会外语的本质

20、。Grasp：抓住，理解，领会。答案：A 日期：2022 年二月八日。日期：2022 年二月八日。3.We _ as a candidate候选人for the position of Chairman.A.put forwards him B.put him forward C.put forward him D.put him forwards 分析：我们推荐他作为主席候选人。put sb./sth forward：提出，推荐，使提早 答案：B 4.The rejuvenated old scientist has made _ growing and researching rice.A

21、.a breakthrough at B.breakthrough about C.a breakthrough for D.breakthrough at 分析：那位老科学家在水稻种植与研究方面获得了打破性进展。breakthrough at 在方面获得进展。答案：A 5.He is a man _.A.to be relied B.to be relied on C.to be relied on D.to be relied 分析：他是一个可依赖的人。rely on：依靠，依赖 to be relied on 不定式被动式做定语。答案：C 二.汉译英：1.他们明天会给我们带来什么样的惊喜

22、?2.这事有可能会发生。3.你应该抓住这次机遇实现自己的理想。4.工作了十五年后，重新踏进大学的校园，我是多么开心呀!5.他对我们的积极支持，更增强了我们的信心。日期：2022 年二月八日。日期：2022 年二月八日。翻译：1.What surprising joy will they have in store for us tomorrow?2.This is likely to happen.3.You should grasp this opportunity to realize your idea.4.How happy I was when I set foot in a uni

23、versity again after 15 years of working!5.His positive support doubled our efforts.【模拟试题】答题时间是：60 分钟 一.单项选择：1._ the programme,they have to stay there for another two weeks.A.Not completing B.Not completed C.Not having completed D.Having not completed 2.Though _ _ failure is the mother of success,eve

24、ryone wishes to have _ _ success.A./;a B.the;a C.a;a D./;/3.I _ the main points of the speech.A.kept a firm hold of B.seized firmly C.grasped D.measured 4.She relies you help her.A.on;to B.on;for C.for;to D.upon;at 5._ that the national science conference will soon be held in Jinan.A.It announces B.

25、It is announced C.It declares D.It declared 6.You are very _ to be late again unless you get there by bus.A.likely B.possible C.probable D.proper 日期：2022 年二月八日。日期：2022 年二月八日。7.The Chinese culture has had a great _ on those countries around even since 3,000 years ago.A.support B.evolution C.effect D.

26、breakthrough 8.The more knowledge you _ in school today,the better you will settle different problems in the future.A.learn by hear B.keep in touch C.have in store D.come to life 二.完型填空：Scientists no w believe the earths magnetic poles 地磁极 have changed many times.One 1_ change may have taken place a

27、bout 330,000 BC.This 2 is about when modem man first 3 on the earth.Many 4 now believe the magnetism磁力现象of the earth may have a 5 influence影响on life itself.In the 6 past many kinds of animals and plants died out suddenly,7 the North and South magnetic poles changed 8.Animals,birds and 9 people are t

28、o some degree controlled by magnetic forces When there is a 10 increase in magnetic strength;many animals have 11 in finding their way.Mice,12 near a strong magnet,lose their hair and die 13.And when the earths magnetism suddenly decreases,the 14 of men or women who kill themselves increases.How 15

29、does the earths magnetism 16 our lives?We cannot know for 17 .We do know this magnetism is getting weaker and we know that in 2,500 years the magnetic poles may change position 18 .And we know when 19 happened in the past there were enormous 20 in life on Earth.1.A,similar B.such C.probable D.certai

30、n 2.A.year B.century C.date D.moment 3.A.appeared B.came C.produced D.made 4.A.people B.scientists C.experts D.specialists 5.A.surprising B.poor C.complete D.strong 日期：2022 年二月八日。日期：2022 年二月八日。6.A.far B.distant C.long D.deep 7.A.when B.if C.before D.after 8.A.place B.direction C.position D.use 9.A.a

31、lso B.too C.some D.even 10.A.slow B.weak C.quick D.sudden 11.A.interest B.difficulty C.pride D.problem 12.A.lain B.placed C.come D.stayed 13.A.early B.late C.much D.quietly 14.A.ease B.fact C.number D.chance 15.A.long B.much C.old D.weakly 16.A.make B.cause C.connect D.control 17.A.certain B.clear C

32、.free D.ever 18.A.too B.instead C.again D.often 19.A.those B.this C.that D.these 20.A.influences B.effects C.movements D.changes 三.阅读理解：Suppose we built a robot机器人to explore the planet Mars.We provide the robot with seeing detectors探测器to keep it away from danger.It is powered entirely by the sun.Sho

33、uld we program the robot to be equally active at all times?No.The robot would be using up energy at a time when it was not receiving any.So we would probably program it to stop its activity at night and to wake up at dawn the next morning.According to the evolutionary进化的theory of sleep,evolution equ

34、ipped us with a regular pattern of sleeping and waking for the same reason.The theory does not deny否认that sleep provides some important 日期：2022 年二月八日。日期：2022 年二月八日。restorative functions恢复功能.It merely says that evolution has programmed us to perform those functions at a time when activity would be in

35、efficient and possibly dangerous.However,sleep protects us only from the sort of trouble we might walk into;it does not protect us from trouble that comes looking for us.So we sleep well when we are in a familiar,safe place,but we sleep lightly,if at all,when we fear that bears will nose into the te

36、nt.The evolutionary theory explains the differences in sleep among creatures.Why do eats,for instance,sleep so much,while horses sleep so little?Surely cats do not need five times as much repair and restoration as horses do.But cats can afford to have long periods of inactivity because they spend li

37、ttle time eating and are unlikely to be attacked while they sleep.Horses must spend almost all their waking hours eating,because what they eat is very low in energy value.Moreover,they cannot afford to sleep too long or too deeply,because their survival生存depends on their ability to run away from att

38、ackers.1.The author uses the example of the robot in space exploration to tell us _ .A.the differences between robots and men B.the reason why men need to sleep C.about the need for robots to save power D.about the danger of men working at night 2.Evolution has programmed man to sleep at night chief

39、ly to help him _.A.keep up a regular pattern of life B.prevent trouble that comes looking for him C.avoid danger and inefficient labour D.restore his bodily functions 3.According to the author,we cannot sleep well when we _ .日期：2022 年二月八日。日期：2022 年二月八日。A.are worrying about our safety B.are overworke

40、d C.are in a tent D.are away from home 4.Cats sleep much more than horses do partly because cats _ .A.need more time for restoration B.are unlikely to be attackers C.axe more active than homes when they are awake D.spend less time eating to get enough energy 5.Which of the following is the main idea

41、 of the passage?A.Evolution has equipped all creatures with a regular pattern of sleeping and waking.B.The study of sleep is an important part of the evolutionary theory.C.Sleeping patterns must be taken into consideration in the designing of robots.D.The sleeping pattern of a living creature is det

42、ermined by the food it eats.【试题答案】一.单项选择：1.C Not having completed：分词完成式的否认构造做原因状语，分词动作先于主句动作。2.A 抽象名词 success;failure 为不可数名词，在前面加:a/an 词义发生了变化：表示详细的一件事或者人。Failure 是抽象概念，第一空不加冠词，第二空指成功的事。3.C 领会了讲话的要点。4.A rely on somebody to do something；以来某人做某事 5.B It is announced+that 从句：固定句型：人们宣布 6.A be likely to d

43、o something：可能要；likely：做形容词，主语是人或者物；possible 和 probable日期：2022 年二月八日。日期：2022 年二月八日。的主语是物。7.C have an effect on.：固定短语：对有影响 8.C have in store：储藏，准备，将要发生，learn by hear：背诵；keep in touch：保持联络 come to life：清醒，变得活泼。二.完型填空：1.B “such表示“像前面提及的那样的，上述一样的，如此的。2.C “date为“古物等所属的时代，年代。3.A 句意为“这个年代大约是现代人第一次出如今地球上的时候

44、。4.B 前文已出现过提示词“scientists 5.D 根据下文对动物和人的反响的描写可知，地磁现象对生命有很强的影响力。6.B 根据所学历史知识可知，大量动物突然灭绝发生在远古时代。7.A “when从句说明动物灭绝的时间是。8.C 9.D “even为“甚至、即使，用来加强语气。10.D 11.B “have difficulty in doing sth.为“做有困难。12.B “placed near 为“Mice的非限制性定语。13.A 句意为“放在强磁场附近的老鼠会掉毛发并且早死。14.C 15.B 此句是对程度提出的疑问。16.D 17.A “for certain相当于“c

45、ertainly为“无疑的。日期：2022 年二月八日。日期：2022 年二月八日。18.C 19.B “this用来指前面提到过的某人或者某事，带有近指含义。20.D “influence和“effect两词后搭配的介词是“on而不是“in 三.阅读理解：1.B 从第一段的段意及第二段的首句可知，利用机器人的电池装备原理引出人的作息生物钟的原理。2.C 第二段“It merely says that evolution has programmed us to perform those functions at a time when activity would be inefficient and 可知。3.A 从第二段的最后一句“，hut we sleep lightly，if.when we fear that可得出答案。4.D 此题考察细节，从文中最后一段可看出。5.A 从本文的主题句“According to ，evolution equipped us with a regular pattern of 推出此题之答案。制卷人：打自企；成别使；而都那。审核人：众闪壹；春壹阑；各厅 日期：2022 年二月八日。