图解机械专业英语各类加工方法和设备图解.xls

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1、gate.浇口molten金属液induction furnace感应炉pouring cup浇注口side riser侧冒口top riser上冒口sprue.浇道well.流道隙runner.流道gate入口typical riser-gated casting典型浇-冒口铸造operations of the squeeze castingprocess挤压铸造工艺操作过程cavity.型腔melt metal.熔化金属pour molten metal into die将熔融金属注入模具close die and apply pressure合模、施压eject squeeze cas

2、ting,charge meltstock,repeat cycle脱出铸件，处理various types of cavities in a die-casting die压铸模具模腔结构single cavity die单腔模multi-cavity die多腔模combination die复合膜unit die单元模illustration of the cold-chamber die-casting process冷室压铸工艺示意图stationary platen定模板ejector platen动模板ejector die half动模部分ejector box推出箱stati

3、onary die half定模部分shot sleeve推料筒plunger rod活塞杆pouring hole活塞孔plunger.活塞closing cylinder闭合油缸ejector box.动模箱cover disc定模板metal sleeve金属套筒shot cylinder注射缸illustration of the hot-chamber热室压铸工艺pot.熔锅die cavity模腔ejector die凸压（动）模cover die凹压（动）模illustration of centrifugal or semi-centrifugal casting proces

4、s离心和半离心铸造pouring gate base and gate浇注盆口cope.顶盖flasks.挡砂箱holding fixture固定夹具drag.回转台revolving table拖送器forging process with open-die自由锻压加工操作die forging模锻blank.坯料external and internal draft angle内外脱模角flash.飞边parting line分型线land.溢缝rib.翼肋web.梁腹fillet.过渡圆corner.拐角trim line.剪切线gutter.出料槽a through c stages

5、of impress-dieforging of a solid round billet从a至c锻打过程die insert used in forging andautomotive axle housing模锻标准术语upper die block上模块insert(forging)型芯lower die block下模块ejector(forging)顶出件single square-groove weld单方槽焊接single V-groove weld单缝V形槽焊接double V-groove weld双缝V形槽焊接single V-groove weld(withbacking

6、)单头三角槽焊接（带背衬）single flare bevel-groove weld单缝斜角焊接single flare V-groove weld单缝V形槽焊接double flare bevel-groove weld双缝斜角焊接double flare V-groove weld双缝V形槽焊接butt joint平搭焊接corner joint角焊T jointT形连接lap joint搭接焊edge joint楔形焊shielding metal-arc welding process 金属引弧保护焊work cable工作线solidified slag固化焊渣electrode

7、cable电极夹头shielding gas保护气体weld metal焊接金属process of spot welding点焊weld nugget熔核pressure applied施压current on通电current off pressure on断电、施压pressure released拆除压力electrode tip电极触头indentation.压坑sheet separation片材脱离heat affected zone热影响区seam spot-welding process缝隙的点焊electrode wheel电极轮sheet;板材high-frequency

8、 continuous buttwelding of tube高频连续对焊方法VeeV形槽apex.顶部tube travel管运动squeeze roll压辊metal stitching扣板连接standard loop标准扣环flat clinch平钩nonmetal非金属metal channel金属通道forging machines锻压机床ram.锤头crank.曲柄机knucle joint肘节压力机screw(forging machine)螺旋压力机friction drive摩擦传动fluid.液压油bending operations弯曲工艺技术air bending空弯

9、bending in a 4-slide machine4滑块机弯曲adjustable roll调整辊driven roll驱动辊roll bending滚压弯板polyurethane roll聚氨酯滚轮steel ball machined by dies模具加工球钢stock.原材料semi-finished ball钢球半成品ball(steel ball)钢球production of steel balls by skew-rolling process斜轧钢球production of steel balls byupsetting a cylindrical blank圆柱坯

10、料模压edging roll锥形辊idle roll惰轮rounding roll圆辊main roll主辊ring rolling operations环件的滚压加工shear-spinning process剪旋工艺cone(shear-spinning)锥套roller(shear-spinning)滚压轮forward.前行external(shear-spinning)旋压外表面backward.后退internal(shear-spinning)旋压内表面slitting with rotary knives旋转刀具剪切driven cutter驱动滚剪刀idling cutter

11、空转轮direct-extrusion process直接挤出工艺container linear容器衬套billet(extrusion)钢坯die backer模座extrusion.挤出件pressing stem压柄dummy block传力块tool stem工具柄backing disc背衬seals.密封extrusion挤出口die holder模具固定件deep drawing process拉深工艺bunch.冲头pressure plate压模blank holder模料压块blank(deep-drawing process)板材、冲裁spring stripper r

12、ing弹簧脱落环drawn cup拉深环blank holder force压紧力blankholder坯料压紧块die(draw ring)模具（拉深环）thread rolling process螺纹滚压工艺moving die动模threaded part.搓丝件stationary die.定模stationary cylindrical die固定外圆模moving cylindrical die动模force.施力workpiece rest工件托板explosive forming process爆炸成形技术standoff.靶距water-level.水平线ground lev

13、el.地平线hold-down ring压紧环vacuum line真空槽线tank(explosive forming)槽腔cartridge.炸药筒forming die.成形模具powder metallurgy process粉末冶金成形工艺upper punch上冲头powder feed shoe粉末喂料座lower punch下冲头compacted shape(green)压制成形件（半成品）spur gear(green)直齿（毛坯）core rod芯棒powder rolling粉末滚压成形metal podwer supply粉末给料direction baffles方向

14、隔板shaping rolls成形辊柱green sheet板材毛坯hot rolls热辊coiler(powder rolling)卷料器compaction of metal powder to forma bushing(green part)粉末压制衬套typical tool and die for a spur gear直齿零件的典型（工）模具metal powder production byautomation雾化制粉技术方法ladle.钢水包molten metal熔融金属atomizing gas spray雾化气体喷射tunish漏斗atomizing chamber雾化

15、室metal particle金属微粒water atomizing水雾化high pressure water manifold高压水管atomizing tank雾化箱dewatering.脱水liquid metal金属液spinning disc转盘insert gas气体入口rotating consumable electrode旋转消耗电极nonrotating tungsten electrode非旋转钨电极collecting port收集口mechanical comminution to obtainfine particle机械粉碎制粉方法gas atomization

16、气体雾化water atomization水雾化centrifugal atomization with aspinning disc or cup转盘离心雾化atomization with a rotatingconsumable electrode回转耗损电极雾化roll crushing滚筒压碎ball mill球体粉碎hammer milling锤打粉碎flat-rolling and shaped-rolling板材和型材轧制工艺slab;薄板hot stip热轧pickling and oiling酸洗、润滑cold strip冷轧skelp;制管钢板welded pipe焊管p

17、late.;轧板steel plates.钢板hot-rolled bars热轧棒料cold-drawn bars冷拉棒料rods;圆钢wire and wire products线材产品tube rounds.管材棒料structural shapes.结构型钢rails;轨道型材bloom.;大方坯hopper of plate chain form板链式料斗workpiece choke挡块work way料道work catcher取料板magnet block磁铁gas-blast hopper气吹式料斗gas tube气管work alignment way排料滑道inlet.;投

18、料口upper part.;上斗imitating jaws of human hand仿人手手爪driving bar驱动杆blade spring弹簧片worm蜗杆index finger食指mid finger中指ring finger无名指small finger小指worm wheel(gear)蜗轮rotary clamping jaws回转型夹持手爪cylindrical pin圆柱销piston rod活塞杆assistant setup for auto-rollerconveyor自动输送辊道的辅助装置elevator.升降机circular way弯轨rotary equ

19、ipment回转装置perpendicular convey垂直运输perpendicular rotation直角回转caterpillar chain conveyor链板履带传输辊道caterpillar.履带链板tooth.齿形bracket.托架power-driven roller conveyor驱动传输辊道pallet.托板auto-guide vehicle(AGV)自动导向车auto-warehouse自动立体仓库Hay stacker堆垛机circular transfer line环形传输线programmable part feeder可编程送料器remote cen

20、ter compliance中心遥控装置linear transfer line直线传输线torque sensor力矩传感器visual sensing可视传感器automated assembly operationsusing industrial robot and circularand linear transfer line使用机器人、回转传输线和直线传输线的自动操作装配线a two-arm robot assembly station双臂机器人装配站belt feeder带式送料器versatile gripper万向夹持器parts presented in pallet工件

21、放入托盘conveys for completed assembly装配后传输线sensor for Z-axis orientation byrobot机器人Z轴定向传感器4-degree-of-freedom robot四自由度机器人conveys for base parts基础件传输装置parts presented in magazine工件入库workpiece fixture工件夹具vibratory bowl feeder振动筒形上料器illustration of a manned,flexiblemanufacturing cell人力辅助柔性制造单元direction o

22、r part movement withincell单元内工件运动方向HM卧式加工中心VM立式加工中心raw material cart原材料输送车finished parts cart成品输送车final inspection终检a flexible manufacturing systemshowing machining centers加工中心构建的柔性制造系统tool magazine刀库coordinate measuring machine坐标测量机AGV自动导向小车pallet station托盘站Fig.two types of transfermechanism:straig

23、ht rail and circularor rotary pattern两种传输机构：直线传输；环形（回转）方式vernier caliper游标卡尺vernier depth gauge游标高（深）度尺micrometer for external diameter外径千分尺centesimal dial indicator百分表three-jaw micrometer for internal(inner/inside)diameter三爪内径千分尺centesimal dial indicator for internaldiameter内径百分表roundness meter圆度仪h

24、ead.;测量头binocular microscope双管显微镜angular measurement with s sine barand dial indicator正弦角度尺dial indicator;指示表part(taper)待测工件（锥体）sine bar正弦尺gauge block量块surface plate平板part.,工件depth gage.深度尺three uses of dial indicator刻度表的三种用法roundness.圆度测量depth.深度测量multi-dimension gauging综合测量knife edge.刀口measuring s

25、traightness mannually手工测量直线度with a knife-edge rule用刀口尺GO.通NOT GO.止fixed gage光滑极限量规plug gauge塞规ring gauge环规snap gauge卡规air supply;气源air filter.空滤器gauge head测头air-gauge system气动测量仪Z-axis spindleZ轴主轴probe adapter测头适配件measuring table测量台probe clamping knob测头锁紧旋钮X-axis fine feed knobX轴微给进旋钮clamping knob f

26、or X,Yand Z axisX,Y.Z轴锁紧旋钮machine stand基座basic size基本尺寸lower deviation下偏差upper deviation上偏差zero line or line of zero deviation零线或零偏差线various methods of assigningtolerance on a shaft轴的尺寸标注方法roundness height粗糙度高度roundness spacing粗糙度圆度waviness height波形高度surface profile面轮廓度waviness width波形宽度error of for

27、m形状误差waviness波纹度lay direction.样品层方向roundness-width cuttoff粗糙度宽度取样长度bilateral tolerance双向公差unilateral tolerance单向公差limit dimensions极限尺寸individual(no datum reference)单个表面（无基准）forms.形状flatness.平面度straightness.直线度circularity(roundness)圆度cylindricity圆柱度individual or related单个/相关related(datum reference re

28、quired相关（有基准作参考）profile.轮廓profile of a line线轮廓度profile of a surface面轮廓度perpendicularity垂直度angularity倾斜度parallelism平行度orientation方向location位置position.位置度concentricity.同轴（心）度circular runout.圆（径向）跳动total runout.全跳动geometric characteristic symbols tobe indicated on engineering drawingof parts to be manu

29、factured加工零件工程图上标注的几何符号mold features for injection molding注射模具结构特征sprue浇口main runner主流道part;制品gate;浇道cold slug well冷料穴branch runner分流道throat;喉部barrel;料筒throat-cooling channel喉部冷却器gear reducer box;齿轮减速箱hopper料斗barrel linear料筒衬套barrel heater/cooler料筒加热或冷却器wire filter screen滤网罩melt thermocouple熔料热电偶fee

30、d section进料段melt section熔料段meilt-pumping section熔料泵入段breaker plate分离板adapter.;过渡套die.;模具powder/pellet粉末/颗粒cooling zone冷却区mold.;模具vent.;通风口press force压力ejectorbar推料杆cylinder.;料筒injection chamber注射腔poredo/spreader分流锥sprue.;机嘴molded part;模具零件rotating and reciprocating screw旋转并往复运动螺杆illustration of inje

31、ction moldingwith plunger and reciprocatingrotating screw柱塞和旋转往复螺杆注射模具three-plate injection mold三板式注射模ejector rod顶料杆ejector bar推出杆plate movement模板运动latch;插销guide strip导轨leaf spring片弹簧waterway;冷却水道typical die assembly典型模具装配ejector pin推杆ejector plate推板ejector return pin复位杆base support支承底板guide pillar导

32、柱die insert waterway镶块冷却水道die insert镶块fixed core固定型芯moving core活动型moving core holder活动型芯固定板core locking wedge型芯楔压块angle pin斜导柱cascade waterway串联水道plunger bush衬套guide bush导套typical degating tool典型注塑模具sprue separating area浇道分型面sprue,.;直浇道retainer pin固定销bolt head插销头sprue-stripping plate注料口分模板main parti

33、ng line主要分型线stripper sleeve分型套plate assembly模板装置mold core模具型芯when bushing are used in stripper卸料板使用衬套typical single-station die for piecingholes典型但工位冲孔模stripper bolt卸料螺钉base plate支承板quill plate凸模套管轴guide pin导向销guide bushing导套bushing for small punch小冲头轴套nest.;定位孔die bushing模衬die block;凹模底板taper reame

34、r锥形孔an inverted blanking die倒置落料模stop pin挡料销blank contour落料外形strip.;带钢striper spring卸料弹簧scrap strip废料stop collar定位环knockout;打料杆shank.;模柄upper shoe上模座striper bolt卸料螺钉blank.;落料件stock width料宽lower shoe assembly下模座装配upper shoe assembly上模座装配a compound die复合模stock guide给料槽stripper spring卸料弹簧stripper bolt卸

35、料螺钉dowel.;定位销cap screw螺帽knockout collar打料环knockout rod打料杆headed piecing punch冲头punch pad冲头衬垫shedder卸料装置blanking die落料模blanking punch and piecing die落料模和冲孔模lower shoe下模座slug disposal hole冷料处理孔spring loaded shedder pin(oil sealbreaker)弹簧式顶出销(油封开关）rest buttons支承钉rest plates支撑板adjustable rest buttons可调支

36、承钉self-positioning rest buttons自位支承钉clamping dogs夹头cylindrical positioning pins圆柱定位销cylindrical mandrel圆柱心轴V positioning(locating)blockV形块positioning by center holes中心孔定位dividing set with push-in pin分度销插入式分度装置standard drill bushings标准钻套special structure drill bushings特殊钻套rotary drill jig回转式钻模push-in

37、 positioning pin插销screw bush螺纹套rotary plate转盘drill bushing钻套positioning by center holes中心孔定位positioning part定位件knurled nut滚花螺母snap washer开口垫圈rotary spindle转轴follower jig and fixture onautomation line自动线上随行夹具slide positioning pin活动定位销hook clamping plate钩形压板follower jig随行夹具convey support输送支撑positionin

38、g rest plate定位支撑板lubricating pump润滑液压泵hydraulic cylinder液压缸positioning and clamping fixturewith liquidized plastics液性塑料定心夹紧夹具slide pin滑柱liquid plastics液性塑料thin wall bushing薄壁套筒modular jig组合夹具drill jig plate钻模板pivot;转轴clamping plate;压板special-purpose rotary drill jig专用回转式钻模drill plate钻模板body;夹具体align

39、ment pin对定销cylinder pin圆柱销quick change waser快换垫圈shift drill jig移动式钻模jig body夹具体fixed V positioning block固定式V形块support base支座movable V positioning block活动式V形块handle knob手轮woodruff key半圆键positioning bushing定位套milling jig for shell work maching加工壳体的铣床夹具tool check block对刀块positioning cylinder定位销ball hea

40、d pin球头钉pivot plate铰接板bolt bar螺杆anti-rotation pin防转销guide key导向键boring for tailstock machining尾座镗削夹具jig frame镗模架boring bushing镗套positioning plate定位板clamping bar压杆clamping screw夹紧螺钉adjustable supporting可调支承tool bar镗刀杆floating couple浮动接头point-to-point positioning,rapidtraverse快速点定位line interpolation直线

41、插补circular interposition,clockwise(CW)圆弧插补（顺时针）circular interposition,anti-clockwise(CCW)圆弧插补（逆时针）dwell;暂停hold/delay保持/延时parabolic interpostion抛物线插补acceleration of feed rate加速decceleration of feed rate减速linear interposition for longdimensions“长尺寸”直线插补linear interposition for shortdimensions“短尺寸”直线插补

42、axis designation轴选定XY plane designationXY平面选定circular interposition,CW for longdimensions圆弧插补，CW用于长尺寸circular interposition,CW for shortdimensions圆弧插补，CW用于短尺寸circular interposition,CCW forlong dimensions圆弧插补，CCW用于长尺寸circular interposition,CCW forshort dimensions圆弧插补，CCW用于短尺寸unassigned未指定thread cutti

43、ng,constant lead等导程螺纹加工thread cutting,linearly increasinglead导程线性增加螺纹加工thread cutting,linearly decreasinglead导程线性减小螺纹加工cutter compensation-cancels to zero 取消刀补回零cutter radius compensation-offsetleft刀具半径补偿-左cutter radius compensation-offsetright刀具半径补偿-右cutter compensation-positive刀具半径补偿-正cutter compe

44、nsation-negative刀具半径补偿-负deletion of zero offset取消零偏移datum point/zero shift基准点/零偏移target value,positioning tolerance 1 定位公差目标值1target value,positioning tolerance 2,or loop cycle定位公差目标值2或循环rapid traverse positioning快速横移定位tapping cycle攻螺纹循环change in feed rate or speed给进速度更改dimensioning in inch units英制尺

45、寸dimensioning in metric units公制尺寸canned frilling and boring cycles固定钻孔、镗孔循环specifies absolute input dimensions指定绝对坐标输入尺寸specifies inremental inputdimensions指定增量坐标输入尺寸programmed reference point shift预点寄存feed rate/min(inch units whencombined with G70)每分钟给尽量（G70英制）feed rate/rev(metric units whencombine

46、d with G71)每转给尽量（G71英制）spindle feed rate for constant surfacefeed恒定主轴给进spindle speed in revolutions perminute主轴每分钟转速program stop,spindle and coolantoff程序停止，主轴、冷却液optional programmable stop选择可编程序停止end of program-ofteninterchangeable with M30程序结束与M30互换spindle on,CW主轴顺时针开启spindle on,CCW主轴逆时针开启tool chan

47、ge换刀collant supply No.1 on冷却液开启1collant supply No.2 on冷却液开启2coolant off冷却液关闭unclamp;松开夹具spindle on,CW+coolant on主轴顺时针开启，冷却液开启spindle on,CCW+coolant on主轴逆时针开启，冷却液开启rapid traverse in+direction正横向移动rapid traverse in-direction负横向移动spindle stop at specified angularposition主轴指定角位停止program stop at end tape

48、+taperewind纸带结束，倒纸带interlock by-pass互锁旁路constant cutting velocity恒定切速gear changes;otherwise unassigned齿轮换挡，否则，不指定linear cutter offset No.1 shift刀具直线位移，位置1piece part change更换工件linear piece part shift,location 1工件直线位移，位置1clamp piece part夹紧工件unclamp piece part放松工件angular piece part shift,location 1工件角度

49、位移，位置1clamp non-activated machine bed-ways夹紧非驱动导轨unclamp non-activated machine bed-ways放松非驱动导轨point-to-point hole maching(drilling)点位加工linear maching直线加工contour maching轮廓加工point-to-point straight line点到点直线加工frame milling铣削框架2 axis contouring with switchableplane可换平面的轮廓加工（2轴）2 axis contour milling二轴轮

50、廓铣削3 axis contouring continuous path三轴轮廓连续走刀tape reader读带机program storage device程序储存器manual data input手工数据输入feedback transducer or encoder反馈装置或编码器data processing in CNC machingtool in a closed loop control闭环CNC机床的数据处理the assembly of differentcomponents of a reconfigurablemachining center可重构的加工中心不同部件