TiC颗粒增强钛基复合材料的内应力.pdf

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1、 第 33 卷 第 4 期 稀有金属材料与工程 Vol.33,No.4 2004 年 4 月 RARE METAL MATERIALS AND ENGINEERING April 2004 Received date:2003-10-6;Ravised manuscript received date:2004-03-07 Biography:Mao Xiaonan,Candidate for Ph.D.,Dept.Mat.Sci.&Engin.,Northwest Polytechnic University,Xian 710072,China,Tel:0086-29-86231078,E-

2、mail: Measurement of Internal Stresses of TiCp/Titanium Based Composites after Heat-treatment Using XRD Method Mao Xiaonan1,3,Zhou Lian1,3,Zhou Yigang1,V.Ji2,Zhang Pengsheng3,Yu Lanlan3(1.Dept.Mat.Sci.&Engin.,Northwest Polytechnic University,Xian 710072,China)(2.LM3 UMR CNRS 8006,ENSAM,151,Bd de lhp

3、ital,75013 Paris,France)(3.Northwest Institute for Non-ferrous Metal Research,Xian 710016,China)Abstract:The thermal internal stresses were determined by XRD method in TiC particles reinforced Ti-6Al-4V(T64),Ti-3Al-2.5V(T32)and Ti-6Al-2.5Sn-4Zr-0.5Mo-1Nb-0.45Si(T650)based composites.These stresses w

4、ere generated during the cooling after high temperature processing and heat treatment.In these composites,there is an internal stress character change point,i.e.the metallic matrix phase and TiC particles ceramic phase were found to be under tension and compressive stresses over about 800,respective

5、ly,and on the contrast under 800 or so.According to Eshelby Model,this point is corresponding to phase change point of titanium.W ith the increase of heat treatment temperature,internal stress level increases gradually.Key words:internal stress;X-Ray Diffraction(XRD);titanium matrix composite;TiC pa

6、rticles;heating treatment CLC Number:TG 146.4 Document code:A Article ID:1002-185X(2004)04-0368-04 1 Introduction As new structural materials,metal matrix composites(MMCs)are attracting attention because of their superior mechanical and thermal properties compared to those of un-reinforced ones 1,2.

7、Among various MMCs,titanium-matrix composites are the ones that can provide the best combination of high specific strength,rigidity and good wear resistance,but at a lower ductility than the conventional Ti alloys 3,4.In the past few years,interest in internal thermal stresses in composites,especial

8、ly MMCs,has greatly increased.It has well been known,the internal stress in composite materials can be of critical importance to crack growth.In general,stress in a composite material is not distributed evenly,and can vary spatially on a scale characteristic of the in-homogeneous structure.In MMCs,t

9、he difference between the coefficients of thermal expansion(CTE)of the matrix and reinforcement is very significant.Therefore,complex internal stress is inevitably induced during cooling of composites from high temperature treatment.The effects of internal stress on material performance,such as the

10、fracture behaviour,fatigue strength,and dimensional stability,are considered to be undesirable5.If the tensile internal stresses in the matrix can be eliminated or changed into compressive ones,the mechanical behaviour of the composites,especially the fatigue properties,can be improved6,7.The object

11、ives of the present work are to better understand the utility of the thermal-kinetics activity of the titanium matrix composites to relax the mismatch internal stress and reduced the harm to composites properties.The effect of treatment on internal stress levels was determined by X-ray diffraction(X

12、RD)for three different titanium alloy matrix.The work also aims to understand the transform of the dynamics behaviour of the composites in respect of thermal-elastic mechanism.2 Experiment The TiC particles reinforced titanium matrix composites with the nominal composition of Ti-6Al-4V+7(wt.%)TiC(si

13、mply signify:T64),Ti-3Al-2.5V+7(wt.%)TiC(T32)and Ti-6Al-2.5Sn-4Zr-0.5Mo-1Nb-0.45Si+3(wt.%)TiC(T650)were made respectively into an ingot 5 期 Mao Xiaonan et al:Measurement of Internal Stresses of TiCp/Titanium Based Composites after Heat-treatment Using XRD Method 369 by vacuum self-consuming electric

14、 arc melting and casting.The bulk composition of the ingot was determined by wet chemical methods.The ingot was continuously hot-forged on opening mold and closing mold at 1 180 and became to a 13 mm bars finally.The samples were cut from the bar using electrical-discharge machining.Subse-quently th

15、e heat treatments had been done.In order to obtain varied microstructures,different temperatures and annealing times were chosen in the Ti-+Ti-field,cooling ratio adopted the conventional air cooling,the detail ones were showed in table 1.Table 1 Heating treating regime on TMCs TMCs 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 T6

16、4 600/1.5 h AC 700/1.5 h AC 750/1.5 h AC 800/1.5 h AC 900/1.5 h AC 980/1.5 h AC+550/8 h AC 1020/1.5 h AC+550/8 h AC T32 600/1.5 h AC 700/1.5 h AC 750/1.5 h AC 800/1.5 h AC 900/1.5 h AC 980/1.5 h AC+550/8 h AC 1 020/1.5 h AC+550/8 h AC TP650 700/1 h AC 800/1 h AC 900/1 h AC 1 000/1 h AC+700/2 h AC 1

17、020/1 h AC+700/2 h AC 1 050/1 h AC+700/1 h AC-The test specimens were machined from the samples with different microstructures.The specimen dimensions are a cylinder with 10 mm L6 mm.The volume fractions of phase,TiC phase and phase were analyzed by X-ray diffraction(XRD)scanning spectrum with the u

18、se of a Siemens D-500 goniometer under CoK radiation from a fine-focus X-ray tube operated at 30 mA and 30 kV.The precision of the phase volume fraction determination is better than 1%.The internal stresses in phase were evaluated using a 3 circle automatically controlled goniometer“micro-CGR”with C

19、u-K radiation for the 213 plans.Co-K radiation was used for the 220 plans of the TiC phase using a high resolution“SEIFERT”goniometer.The XRD beam was collimated to give 3 mm irradiation spot on the specimen.XRD stress analysis has been carried out with 15 angles(varied from 60 to+55)according Frenc

20、h XRD stress analysis standard 8.The classic sin2 method was used for stress determination 9.The precision on the stress analysis and peak width values obtained were less than 50 MPa and 0.2,respectively.All the specimens were electro-polished in order to eliminate any surface effects induced by mac

21、hining.The used macro elastic properties for stress analysis are indicated in table2.For T64 and T32 composites,internal stresses have been analysis both in-matrix and in TiC particles and for T650 composite specimens,because of low TiC particle volume fraction,XRD internal stresses have been obtain

22、ed only in matrix phase.The obtained internal stress is just the difference value between(1-3)because we dont know the exact lattice parameter of zero stress material for each of phase(matrix and reinforcement).Table 2 Physical and mechanical properties of TiC particle and Ti alloy matrix 1014 Mater

23、ials TiC particles T64 matrix T32 matrix T650 matrix Density/g cm-3 4.43 4.43 4.46 4.51 Youngs modulus/GPa 460 120 110 118 Shear modulus/GPa 193 44.4 41.4 43 Poissons ratio 0.19 0.360.34 0.33?0.35 CTE/10-6K 7.48.8*7.69.5 9.3 8.6 S2 hkl/10-6MPa-1 2.77 11.3 12.1 11.4 S1hkl/10-6MPa-1 0.46 3 3 2.97 (Tec

24、hnical information(2002)by HAYNES International,Inc *Technical information(1991-2001)by VISHAY International,Inc Internal data)3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Microstructure The Fig.1 shows the optical metallograph of T64 specimen treated at 750/1.5 h AC and T650 specimen treated at 1 050/1 h AC+700/2

25、h AC,where the TiC particles are to be well-distributed over Ti-+Ti-field.The light points dispersed uniformly showed in fig.1(a)are TiC particles(the size of particle:about 10 m)and the dark regions are+of Ti matrix.In Fig.1(b),it is difficult to distinguish between the TiC particles and?phase give

26、n initially birth to for T650,the rest microstructure was+lathy ones.Similar 370 稀有金属材料与工程 33 卷 microstructures were also observed for T32 specimens.Fig.1 The optical metallograph observations for T64 treated at 750C/1.5 h AC(a)and for T650 treated at 1 050/1 h AC+700C/2 h AC(b)Fig.2 shows the XRD s

27、pectrum for TP650,T64 and T32 samples before heat-treated(as-processed condition).From the figure,the peaks of Ti-,Ti-and TiC phases were show out.The phase volume is nearly invisible for T32 and T650 composite specimens with XRD.The obtained XRD volume fractions for TiC particles are rather similar

28、 than those with nominated chemical composition.3.2 XRD Internal stress analysis As difference between the CTE of the matrix and reinforcement,the considerable internal stresses can be Fig.2 XRD spectrum of T64,T32 and T650 specimens before heating treatment created.The table 3 shows the internal st

29、ress evolution in matrix(-phase)and in TiC phase for specimen treated with different conditions.Internal stresses are in tension in matrix and in strong compression in TiC particles for T64 and T32 specimens as-processed condition,the internal stress is zero in?phase on the condition for 650 specime

30、n.Table 3 shows to exist a stress character change point,i.e.the metallic matrix phase and TiC particles ceramic phase were found to be under tension and compressive stresses over about 800,respectively,and on the contrast under 800 or so.The evolution tendency is to opposition character in the two

31、studied phases with treated temperatures varying.The transformed point is about 800.With the increase of heat treatment temperature,internal stress level increases gradually.According to Eshelby Model15,this point is corresponding to phase change point of titanium.Table 3 Internal stress evolution i

32、n different condition(MPa)T64 T32 T650 Processing condition Ti-TiC Ti-TiC Processing condition Ti-Before HT+70 1 020+175 900 Before HT 0 600/1.5 h AC 20+305 25+155 700/1 h AC 35 700/1.5 h AC 20+175 25+20 800/1 h AC 20 750/1.5 h AC 15+205 30+10 900/1 h AC+10 800/1.5 h AC+5 45 20+10 1 000/1 h AC+700/2

33、 h AC+15 900/1.5 h AC+10 45+25 340 1 020/1 h AC+700/2 h AC+20 980/1.5 h AC+550/8 h AC+40 230+35 485 1 050/1 h AC+700/2 h AC+25 1 020/1.5 h AC+550/8 h AC+110 530+115 780-4 Conclusions The internal stresses had been measured in matrix and in reinforcement for Ti-6Al-4V+7wt%TiC and Ti-3Al-2V+7wt%TiC co

34、mposites,and in matrix for TP650 composite using the XRD method,results in there are a stress character change point,i.e.the metallic matrix phase and TiC particles ceramic phase were found to be under tension and compressive stresses over about 800,respectively,and it is on the contrast under 800 o

35、r so.The analysis shows this point is 50m a 20m b 60 80 100 120 140 160 2/()2 2001 8001 4001 000600200Intensity/CPS(111)TiC (100)Ti-(00 2)Ti-(101)Ti-(110)Ti-(200)TiC (200)TiC (220)TiC T64 T32 T650(102)Ti-(220)TiC (110)Ti-(211)Ti-(103)Ti-(200)Ti-(311)TiC (220)TiC (112)Ti-(201)Ti-(004)Ti-5 期 Mao Xiaon

36、an et al:Measurement of Internal Stresses of TiCp/Titanium Based Composites after Heat-treatment Using XRD Method 371 corresponding to phase change point of titanium based on Eshelby model.With temperature of heat-treatment enhancing,internal stress increases gradually taking out the linear rule res

37、pectively,and with the TiC content increasing,the internal stress in matrix will increase greatly.References 1 Srivatsan T S,Sudarshan T S,Lavernia E J.Prog Mater SciJ,1995,39:317341 2 Mao Xiaonan(毛小南),Zhou Lian(周 廉)et al.Rare Metal Materials and Engineering(稀有金属材料与工程)J,2000,29(6):378381 3 Froes F H

38、,Suryanarayana C.Rev Particulate Mater 1J,1993,223227 4 Mao Xiaonan(毛小南),Zhou Lian(周 廉)et al.Rare Metal Materials and Engineering(稀有金属材料与工程)J,2000,29(4):217220 5 Arsenault R J,Taya M.Acta MetallJ,1987,35:651 6 Javier Liorca.Progress in Materials ScienceJ,2002,47(3):283353 7 Doel T J A,Bowen P.Compos

39、ites Part A:Applied Science and ManufacturingJ,1996,27(8):655665 8 Yoder P.J Appl PhysJ,1995,58(31):R1 9 Noyan I C et al.Residual Stress-Measurement by Diffraction and InterpretationM.New York:Springer Verlag,1987:5070 10 French Standard.Methode Dessais Pour Ianalyse des Contr-anintes Rsiduelles Par

40、 Diffraction des Rayons XS.AFNOR,NXP-A-09-285,1999,5 11 Akagi K et al.J Prosthet DentJ,1992,68:462 12 Prevy P S.Adv In X-Ray AnalysisJ,1997,22:345354 13 Altenberger I,Nalla R K et al.Mater Sci Eng AJ,2003(suppl.)14 Zhang Dingquan,He Jiawen.Residual Stress Analysis by X-ray Diffraction and Its Functi

41、onM.Xian:Xian Jiaotong University,1994:4 15 Eshelby J D.Proc Roy SocJ,1957,(A241):376380 TiC颗粒增强钛基复合材料的内应力 毛小南1,3周 廉1,3周义刚1V.Ji2张鹏省3于兰兰3 1.西北工业大学材料学院,陕西 西安 710072(2.法国国立工程技术学院,巴黎 75013)3.西北有色金属研究院陕西 西安 710016 摘 要利用 X 射线衍射技术测试了 TiC 颗粒增强钛基复合材料 Ti-6Al-4V7TiC(质量分数下同)(T64),Ti-3Al-2.5V7TiC(T32)和 Ti-6Al-2.

42、5Sn-4Zr-0.5Mo-1Nb-0.45Si3TiC(T650)的内应力发现该复合材料在 800左右存在一个应力性质转变点即在 800以上处理钛基体感生残余拉应力增强 TiC 颗粒感生残余压应力在 800以下处理应力性质相反并且内应力随处理温度升高而增加由 Eshelby 模型得出该转变点和钛合金基体的相变点有关 关键词内应力X 射线衍射钛基复合材料TiC 颗粒热处理 作者简介毛小南男1966 年生博士研究生西北工业大学材料学院陕西 西安 710072电话029-86231078 E-mail: TiC颗粒增强钛基复合材料的内应力TiC颗粒增强钛基复合材料的内应力作者：毛小南，周廉，周义刚

43、，V.Ji，张鹏省，于兰兰，Mao Xiaonan，Zhou Lian，Zhou Yigang，V.Ji，Zhang Pengsheng，Yu Lanlan作者单位：毛小南,周廉,Mao Xiaonan,Zhou Lian(西北工业大学材料学院,陕西,西安,710072;西北有色金属研究院,陕西,西安,710016)，周义刚,Zhou Yigang(西北工业大学材料学院,陕西,西安,710072)，V.Ji,V.Ji(法国国立工程技术学院,巴黎,75013)，张鹏省,于兰兰,Zhang Pengsheng,Yu Lanlan(西北有色金属研究院,陕西,西安,710016)刊名：稀有金属材料与工

44、程英文刊名：RARE METAL MATERIALS AND ENGINEERING年，卷(期)：2004，33(4)被引用次数：0次 参考文献(15条)参考文献(15条)1.Srivatsan T S.Sudarshan T S.Lavernia E J 查看详情 19952.毛小南.周廉 查看详情期刊论文-稀有金属材料与工程 2000(06)3.Froes F H.Suryanarayana C 查看详情 19934.毛小南.周廉 查看详情期刊论文-稀有金属材料与工程 2000(04)5.Arsenault R J.Taya M 查看详情 19876.Javier Liorca 查看详情

45、2002(03)7.Doel T J A.Bowen P 查看详情 1996(08)8.Yoder P 查看详情 1995(31)9.Noyan I C Residual Stress-Measurement by Diffraction and Interpretation 198710.French Standard Methode Dessais Pour Ianalyse des Contr-anintes Rsiduelles Par Diffraction des Rayons X 199911.Akagi K 查看详情 199212.Prevy P S 查看详情 199713.A

46、ltenberger I.Nalla R K 查看详情 2003(zk)14.Zhang Dingquan.He Jiawen Residual Stress Analysis by X-ray Diffraction and Its Function 199415.Eshelby J D 查看详情 1957(A241)相似文献(10条)相似文献(10条)1.期刊论文 姜传海.陈世朴.徐祖耀 薄膜材料X射线衍射物相分析与内应力测定-理化检验-物理分册2002,38(11)基于不对称布拉格反射理论,介绍了薄膜材料二维X射线衍射分析方法,并对铝合金表面的TiN薄膜进行了分层掠射分析,证实了该分析方

47、法的可行性.结合掠射、侧倾、内标及交相关函数定峰等技术,改进了常规X射线应力测量方法,测量了上述薄膜中的内应力,表明可显著提高内应力测量精度.2.学位论文 常继 溅射CoSi薄膜及其组织结构 2005 本文设计并制备出CoSi2合金靶材，溅射相应的薄膜体系。分析测试表明，薄膜中元素分布均匀，与靶材成分基本吻合。研究了非晶薄膜晶化与相变过程，发现薄膜晶化后首先析出CoSi相，部分Si原子固溶在CoSi中，随着加热温度的升高，最终转变为CoSi2结构。研究了薄膜的组织结构及性能，建立了丝织构测量的简易方法，实现薄膜织构的定量测量。完善了X射线衍射的线形分析方法，精确测量了薄膜材料中的晶粒尺寸及显微

48、畸变等。探讨了溅射功率、基片温度及后续热处理等参数对薄膜组织结构、表面形貌以及导电性的影响。结果表明，溅射速率与溅射功率呈线性关系。随着溅射功率的增大，晶化薄膜中(111)织构增强，电阻率有所降低。随着基底温度的升高，薄膜织构最初增强，到达最高值后则降低。随着热处理退火温度的升高，薄膜电阻率最初下降，到达最低值后则升高。改进X射线应力测量方法，将掠射、侧倾、内标及抛物线定峰结合起来，确保了应力测量精度。结果表明，薄膜内部存在中等水平的压应力，沿薄膜纵深方向分布均匀，表现出典型平面应力特征。3.期刊论文 洪波.姜传海.王新建.HONG Bo.JIANG Chuan-hai.WANG Xin-ji

49、an 电沉积铜薄膜中的内应力与织构特征-理化检验-物理分册2007,43(8)利用X射线衍射方法分析了电沉积铜薄膜的内应力及其织构特征.结果表明,随薄膜厚度的增加,薄膜内应力增大.电沉积铜薄膜具有较强的(220)丝织构,随着铜薄膜内应力的增加,(220)丝织构增强,同时叠加有板织构的特征.4.学位论文 洪波 电沉积铜薄膜中织构与内应力的研究 2008 铜电沉积技术由于其经济性、选择性及优良的深镀能力，在机械制造及微电子工业中得到广泛应用。特别是随着超大规模集成电路中铜互连技术的发展，对铜薄膜组织结构的研究日益受到关注。其中，电沉积铜薄膜的织构及内应力状态对薄膜的物理、化学性能及力学性能有着重要

50、的影响，已成为目前研究的热点。本文利用X射线衍射方法，侧重研究了不同电沉积工艺条件下铜薄膜中的织构及内应力。研究发现，在硫酸盐铜镀液体系中，电流密度较低(2A/dm2)时电沉积铜薄膜表现为(220)丝织构特征，电流密度较高(16A/dm2)时铜薄膜表现为(111)丝织构特征，随电流密度的升高铜薄膜由(220)丝织构向(111)丝织构转变。研究了薄膜厚度对电沉积铜薄膜织构的影响，发现薄膜织构程度随膜厚的增加而增加。研究了稀土铈盐、聚乙二醇(PEG)和乙二胺四乙酸二钠(EDTA)对铜薄膜织构的影响，结果表明，三种添加剂都不同程度的降低了薄膜的织构程度。通过研究铜薄膜电结晶初期生长过程，探讨了铜薄膜