2006年版的饮用水标准和健康咨询.pdf

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1、2006 Edition of the DrinkingWater Standards and HealthAdvisories2006 Edition of the Drinking WaterStandards and Health AdvisoriesEPA 822-R-06-013Office of WaterU.S.Environmental Protection AgencyWashington,DCSummer 2006Date of update:August,2006Recycled/RecyclablePrinted on paper that containsat lea

2、st 50%recycled fiber.(i)The Drinking Water Standards and Health Advisories Tables are revised periodically by EPAsOffice of Water in order to update RfD and Cancer values so that they are consistent with themost current Agency assessments of chemical contaminants that may occur in drinking waterand

3、to introduce new Health Advisories.The following information should be kept in mindwhen using the 2006 Edition of the Tables:Reference dose(RfD)values are updated to reflect the values in the Integrated RiskInformation System(IRIS)and the Office of Pesticide Programs(OPP)ReregistrationEligibility De

4、cisions(RED)Documents.The Drinking Water Equivalent Level(DWEL)has been adjusted accordingly.Thus,both the RfD and DWEL in the Tables differ fromthe values in the Health Advisory document when the IRIS or OPP RfD is more recentthan the Health Advisory document value.RfD values from IRIS that differ

5、from thevalues in the Health Advisory documents are presented in BOLD type.Values derivedfrom the REDs are given in BOLD italics.For unregulated chemicals with a recent IRISor OPP RfD,the lifetime Health Advisory is calculated from the DWEL using therelative source contribution value published in th

6、e Health Advisory document.Forregulated chemicals,no lifetime value is provided in the Tables when the revised lifetimevalue would differ from the Maximum Contaminant Level Goal(MCLG).The cancer group designation or cancer classification and 10-4 cancer risk values reflectthose presently in IRIS or

7、in the OPP RED.New IRIS cancer designations and 10-4cancer risk values are presented in BOLD type and those derived from the REDs are inBOLD italics.The IRIS Toxicological Reviews can be accessed at:http:/www.epa.gov/IRIS.The OPPREDs can be accessed at:http:/cfpub.epa.gov/oppref/rereg/status.cfm?sho

8、w=rereg In some cases there is a Health Advisory value for a contaminant but there is no referenceto a Health Advisory document.These Health Advisory values can be found in theDrinking Water Criteria Document for the contaminant.With a few exceptions,the RfDs,Health Advisory,and cancer risk values h

9、ave beenrounded to one significant figure following the convention adopted by IRIS.The Drinking Water Standards and Health Advisories Tables may be reached from the WaterScience home page at:http:/www.epa.gov/waterscience.The Tables are accessed under theHealth Advisories heading.Copies the Tables m

10、ay be ordered free of charge fromSAFE DRINKING WATER HOTLINE1-800-426-4791Monday thru Friday,9:00 AM to 5:30 PM EST(ii)DEFINITIONSThe following definitions for terms used in the Tables are not all-encompassing,and should notbe construed to be“official”definitions.They are intended to assist the user

11、 in understandingterms found on the following pages.Action Level:The concentration of a contaminant which,if exceeded,triggers treatment orother requirements which a water system must follow.It is the level of lead or copper which,ifexceeded in over 10%of the homes tested,triggers treatment for corr

12、osion control.Cancer Classification:A descriptive weight-of-evidence judgment as to the likelihood that anagent is a human carcinogen and the conditions under which the carcinogenic effects may beexpressed.Under the 2005 EPA Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment,descriptive termsfor carcinogenic

13、ity replace the earlier alpha numeric Cancer Group designations(US EPA 1986guidelines).The suggested descriptive terms are as follows:Carcinogenic to humans(H)Likely to be carcinogenic to humans(L)Likely to be carcinogenic above a specified dose but not likely to be carcinogenic belowthat dose becau

14、se a key event in tumor formation does not occur below that dose (L/N)Suggestive evidence of carcinogenic potential(S)Inadequate information to assess carcinogenic potential(I)Not likely to be carcinogenic to humans(N)The letter abbreviations provided parenthetically above are now used in the Tables

15、 in place ofthe prior alpha numeric identifiers for chemicals that have been evaluated under the newguidelines(the 2005 guidelines or the 1996 and 1999 draft guidelines).Cancer Group:A qualitative weight-of-evidence judgement as to the likelihood that a chemicalmay be a carcinogen for humans.Each ch

16、emical was placed into one of the following fivecategories(US EPA 1986 guidelines).The Cancer Group designation are given in the Tables forchemicals that have not yet been evaluated under the new guidelines.GroupCategoryAHuman carcinogenBProbable human carcinogen:B1 indicates limited human evidenceB

17、2 indicates sufficient evidence in animals and inadequate or no evidence in humansCPossible human carcinogenDNot classifiable as to human carcinogenicityEEvidence of noncarcinogenicity for humans(iii)10-4 Cancer Risk:The concentration of a chemical in drinking water corresponding to an excessestimat

18、ed lifetime cancer risk of 1 in 10,000.Drinking Water Advisory:A nonregulatory concentration of a contaminant in water that islikely to be without adverse effects on health and aesthetics.DWEL:Drinking Water Equivalent Level.A lifetime exposure concentration protective ofadverse,non-cancer health ef

19、fects,that assumes all of the exposure to a contaminant is fromdrinking water.HA:Health Advisory.An estimate of acceptable drinking water levels for a chemical substancebased on health effects information;a Health Advisory is not a legally enforceable Federalstandard,but serves as technical guidance

20、 to assist Federal,State,and local officials.One-Day HA:The concentration of a chemical in drinking water that is not expected tocause any adverse noncarcinogenic effects for up to one day of exposure.The One-DayHA is normally designed to protect a 10-kg child consuming 1 liter of water per day.Ten-

21、Day HA:The concentration of a chemical in drinking water that is not expected tocause any adverse noncarcinogenic effects for up to ten days of exposure.The Ten-DayHA is also normally designed to protect a 10-kg child consuming 1 liter of water per day.Lifetime HA:The concentration of a chemical in

22、drinking water that is not expected tocause any adverse noncarcinogenic effects for a lifetime of exposure.The Lifetime HAis based on exposure of a 70-kg adult consuming 2 liters of water per day.The LifetimeHA for Group C carcinogens includes an adjustment for possible carcinogenicity.MCLG:Maximum

23、Contaminant Level Goal.A non-enforceable health goal which is set at alevel at which no known or anticipated adverse effect on the health of persons occurs and whichallows an adequate margin of safety.MCL:Maximum Contaminant Level.The highest level of a contaminant that is allowed indrinking water.M

24、CLs are set as close to the MCLG as feasible using the best availableanalytical and treatment technologies and taking cost into consideration.MCLs are enforceablestandards.RfD:Reference Dose.An estimate(with uncertainty spanning perhaps an order of magnitude)ofa daily oral exposure to the human popu

25、lation(including sensitive subgroups)that is likely to bewithout an appreciable risk of deleterious effects during a lifetime.SDWR:Secondary Drinking Water Regulations.Non-enforceable Federal guidelines regardingcosmetic effects(such as tooth or skin discoloration)or aesthetic effects(such as taste,

26、odor,orcolor)of drinking water.(iv)TT:Treatment Technique.A required process intended to reduce the level of a contaminant indrinking water.ABBREVIATIONSD DraftF FinalNA Not ApplicableNOAELNo-Observed-Adverse-Effect LevelOPPOffice of Pesticide ProgramsPProposedRegRegulationTTTreatment TechniqueDrink

27、ing Water Standards and Health AdvisoriesSummer 2006Page 1 ChemicalsCASRNNumberStandardsStatusHADocumentHealth AdvisoriesCancerDescriptor1StatusReg.MCLG(mg/L)MCL(mg/L)10-kg ChildOne-day(mg/L)Ten-day(mg/L)RfD(mg/kg/day)DWEL(mg/L)Life-time(mg/L)mg/L at 10-4 CancerRiskORGANICSAcenaphthene83-32-9-0.062-

28、Acifluorfen(sodium)62476-59-9-F 88220.010.4-0.1 L/NAcrylamide79-06-1FzeroTT2F 871.50.30.00020.007-0.0008 B2Acrylonitrile107-13-1-0.006 B1Alachlor15972-60-8Fzero0.002F 880.10.10.010.4-0.04 B2Aldicarb3116-06-3F40.0010.003F 950.010.010.0010.0350.007-DAldicarb sulfone31646-88-4F40.0010.002F 950.010.010.

29、0010.0350.007-DAldicarb sulfoxide31646-87-3F40.0010.004F 950.010.010.0010.0350.007-DAldrin309-00-2-F 920.00030.00030.000030.001-0.0002 B2Ametryn834-12-8-F 88990.0090.30.06-DAmmonium sulfamate7773-06-0-F 8820200.282-DAnthracene(PAH)5120-12-7-0.310-DAtrazine 1912-24-9F0.0030.003F 88-0.020.7-NBaygon114

30、-26-1-F 880.040.040.0040.10.003-CBentazon25057-89-0-F 990.30.30.0310.2-EBenzaanthracene(PAH)56-55-3-B2Benzene71-43-2Fzero0.005F 870.20.20.0040.1-0.1 H Benzoapyrene(PAH)50-32-8Fzero0.0002-0.0005 B2Benzobfluoranthene(PAH)205-99-2-B2Benzog,h,iperylene(PAH)191-24-2-DBenzokfluoranthene(PAH)207-08-9-B2bis

31、-2-Chloroisopropyl ether39638-32-9-F 89440.0410.3-DBromacil314-40-9-F 88550.13.50.07-CBromobenzene108-86-1-D 8644-D1Chemicals evaluated under the 2005 Cancer Guidelines or the 1996 or 1999 drafts are demoted by an abbreviation for their weight-of-the-evidence descriptor(see page iii).If the agencyha

32、s not completed a new assessment for the chemical,the 1986 Guidelines Group designation(see page iii)is given in the Cancer Descriptor column.2.When acrylamide is used in drinking water systems,the combination(or product)of dose and monomer level shall not exceed that equivalent to a polyacrylamide

33、polymer containing 0.05%monomer dosed at 1 mg/L.3The MCL value for any combination of two or more of these three chemicals should not exceed 0.007 mg/L because of a similar mode of action.4Administrative stay of the effective date.5PAH=Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.Drinking Water Standards and Hea

34、lth AdvisoriesSummer 2006Page 2 ChemicalsCASRNNumberStandardsStatusHADocumentHealth AdvisoriesCancerDescriptorStatusReg.MCLG(mg/L)MCL(mg/L)10-kg ChildOne-day(mg/L)Ten-day(mg/L)RfD(mg/kg/day)DWEL(mg/L)Life-time(mg/L)mg/L at 10-4 CancerRiskBromochloromethane74-97-5-F 895010.010.50.09-DBromodichloromet

35、hane(THM)75-27-4Fzero0.081-10.60.0030.1-0.1 LBromoform(THM)75-25-2Fzero0.081-50.20.031-0.8 LBromomethane74-83-9-D 890.10.10.0010.050.01-DButyl benzyl phthalate85-68-7-0.27-CButylate2008-41-5-F 89220.0520.4-DCarbaryl63-25-2-F 88110.010.4-4 LCarbofuran1563-66-2F0.040.04F 87-0.00006-NCarbon tetrachlori

36、de56-23-5Fzero0.005F 8740.20.00070.03-0.03 B2Carboxin5234-68-4-F 88110.13.50.7-DChloramben133-90-4-F 88330.0150.50.1-DChlordane57-74-9Fzero0.002F 870.060.060.00050.02-0.01 B2Chloroform(THM)67-66-3F0.070.081-440.010.350.07-L/NChloromethane74-87-3-F 8990.40.0040.10.03-DChlorophenol(2-)95-57-8-D 940.50

37、.50.0050.20.04-DChlorothalonil1897-45-6-F 880.20.20.0150.5-0.15 B2Chlorotoluene o-95-49-8-F 89220.020.70.1-DChlorotoluene p-106-43-4-F 89220.020.70.1-DChlorpyrifos2921-88-2-F 920.030.030.00030.010.002-DChrysene(PAH)218-01-9-B2Cyanazine21725-46-2-D 960.10.1 0.002 0.070.001-11998 Final Rule for Disinf

38、ectants and Disinfection By-products:The total for trihalomethanes(THM)is 0.08 mg/L.Drinking Water Standards and Health AdvisoriesSummer 2006Page 3 ChemicalsCASRNNumberStandardsStatusHADocumentHealth AdvisoriesCancerDescriptorStatusReg.MCLG(mg/L)MCL(mg/L)10-kg ChildOne-day(mg/L)Ten-day(mg/L)RfD(mg/k

39、g/day)DWEL(mg/L)Life-time(mg/L)mg/L at 10-4 CancerRiskCyanogen chloride1506-77-4-0.050.050.052-D2,4-D(2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid)94-75-7F0.070.07F 8710.30.0050.2-DDCPA(Dacthal)1861-32-1-F 8880800.010.350.07-CDalapon(sodium salt)75-99-0F0.20.2F 89330.030.90.2-DDi(2-ethylhexyl)adipate103-23-1F0.40

40、.4-20200.6200.43 CDi(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate117-81-7Fzero0.006-0.020.7-0.3 B2Diazinon333-41-5-F 880.020.020.00020.0070.001-EDibromochloromethane(THM)124-48-1F0.060.082-0.60.60.020.70.060.08 SDibromochloropropane(DBCP)96-12-8Fzero0.0002F 870.20.05-0.003 B2Dibutyl phthalate84-74-2-0.14-DDicamba1918-00-

41、9-F 88-0.5184-NDichloroacetic acid76-43-6Fzero0.063-550.0040.1-0.07 LDichlorobenzene o-95-50-1F0.60.6F 87990.0930.6-DDichlorobenzene 4541-73-1-F 87990.0930.6-DDichlorobenzene p-106-46-7F0.0750.075F 8711110.140.075-CDichlorodifluoromethane75-71-8-F 8940400.251-DDichloroethane(1,2-)107-06-2Fzero0.005F

42、 870.70.7-0.04 B2Dichloroethylene(1,1-)75-35-4F0.0070.007F 87210.052-SDichloroethylene(cis-1,2-)156-59-2F0.070.07F 90410.010.350.07-DDichloroethylene(trans-1,2-)156-60-5F0.10.1F 872010.020.70.1-DDichloromethane75-09-2Fzero0.005D 931020.062-0.5 B2Dichlorophenol(2,4-)120-83-2-D 940.030.030.0030.10.02-

43、EDichloropropane(1,2-)78-87-5Fzero0.005F 87-0.09-0.06 B2Dichloropropene(1,3-)542-75-6-F 880.030.030.031-0.04 LDieldrin60-57-1-F 880.00050.00050.000050.002-0.0002 B2Diethyl phthalate84-66-2-0.830-D1Under review.21998 Final Rule for Disinfectants and Disinfection By-products:The total for trihalometha

44、nes is 0.08 mg/L.31998 Final Rule for Disinfectants and Disinfection By-products:The total for five haloacetic acids is 0.06 mg/L.4The values for m-dichlorobenzene are based on data for o-dichlorobenzene.Drinking Water Standards and Health AdvisoriesSummer 2006Page 4 ChemicalsCASRNNumberStandardsSta

45、tusHADocumentHealth AdvisoriesCancerDescriptorStatusReg.MCLG(mg/L)MCL(mg/L)10-kg ChildOne-day(mg/L)Ten-day(mg/L)RfD(mg/kg/day)DWEL(mg/L)Life-time(mg/L)mg/L at 10-4 CancerRiskDiisopropylmethylphosphonate1445-75-6-F 89880.0830.6-DDimethrin70-38-2-F 8810100.3102-DDimethyl methylphosphonate756-79-6-F 92

46、220.270.10.7 CDimethyl phthalate131-11-3-DDinitrobenzene(1,3-)99-65-0-F 910.040.040.00010.0050.001-DDinitrotoluene(2,4-)121-14-2-F 920.500.500.0020.1-0.005 B2Dinitrotoluene(2,6-)606-20-2-F 920.400.400.0010.04-0.005 B2Dinitrotoluene(2,6&2,4)1-F 92-0.005 B2Dinoseb88-85-7F0.0070.007F 880.30.30.0010.035

47、0.007-DDioxane p-123-91-1-F 8740.4-0.3 B2Diphenamid957-51-7-F 880.30.30.0310.2-DDiquat85-00-7F0.020.02-0.0050.02-EDisulfoton298-04-4-F 880.010.010.00010.00350.0007-EDithiane(1,4-)505-29-3-F 920.40.40.010.40.08-DDiuron330-54-1-F 88110.0030.1-0.2 LEndothall145-73-3F0.10.1F 880.80.80.0070.250.05-NEndri

48、n72-20-8F0.0020.002F 870.020.0050.00030.010.002-DEpichlorohydrin106-89-8FzeroTT2F 870.10.10.0020.07-0.3 B2Ethylbenzene100-41-4F0.70.7F 873030.130.7-DEthylene dibromide(EDB)3106-93-4Fzero0.00005F 870.0080.0080.0090.3-0.002 LEthylene glycol107-21-1-F 8720627014-DEthylene Thiourea(ETU)96-45-7-F 880.30.

49、30.000080.003-0.02 B2Fenamiphos22224-92-6-F 880.0090.0090.00010.00350.0007-E1Technical grade.2When epichlorohydrin is used in drinking water systems,the combination(or product)of dose and monomer level shall not exceed that equivalent to an epichlorohydrin-based polymercontaining 0.01%monomer dosed

50、at 20 mg/L.3 1,2-dibromoethane.Drinking Water Standards and Health AdvisoriesSummer 2006Page 5 ChemicalsCAS NumberStandardsStatusHAStandardsHealth AdvisoriesCancerDescriptorStatusReg.MCLG(mg/L)MCL(mg/L)10-kg ChildOne-day(mg/L)Ten-day(mg/L)RfD(mg/kg/day)DWEL(mg/L)Life-time(mg/L)mg/L at 10-4 CancerRis