汉英演示文稿学习教案.pptx

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1、会计学1汉英演示汉英演示(ynsh)文稿文稿第一页，共150页。Differencesn n culture culturen nFunction of words:Function of words:n n denotative meaning&connotative meaning(p8)denotative meaning&connotative meaning(p8)n nPragmatic meaningPragmatic meaningn nThinking pattern:Thinking pattern:n nEthics vs.cognitionEthics vs.cogni

2、tionn nIntegrity and synthetic vs.individualityIntegrity and synthetic vs.individualityn nIntuition vs.evidenceIntuition vs.evidencen nFigurative vs.logical Figurative vs.logical 第1页/共149页第二页，共150页。n n她踢脱(t tu)鞋子，踏进一双拖鞋。可是对她那双纤纤细脚来说，脱鞋显得太大了。换了鞋以后，她便失去了几分韵味，个子也矮了些。n n She kicked her shoes and stepped

3、 into a pair of slippers which were too big for her tiny feet;without shoes she lost some of her elegance and height.第2页/共149页第三页，共150页。n n在一家百货公司，碰巧有一对(y du)老夫妇，他们经过左挑右选，犹豫再三，终于从口袋里笨拙地摸出600块钱来，买了一床优质的鸭绒被，当鸭绒被从柜台那边递过来时，两人满意地笑了。n nIt so happened in a department store that an old couple,after careful

4、selection and much hesitation,fumbled 600 Yuan from their pockets for a quality down quilt,smiling with content when the package was handed over the counter.第3页/共149页第四页，共150页。Exercisesn n从前，齐国有个人，想要金子，想得入迷了。n n 一天清早，他穿好衣服，戴上帽子后，就赶到市场上。他走到卖金子的地方，伸手抓起一块金子就走。管市场的小官把他抓住，审问他：“你竟敢当众抢人家的金子，怎么(zn me)这样大胆啊？

5、”他回答说：“我拿金块的时候，实在没有看见人，只看见金子啊！”第4页/共149页第五页，共150页。Lecture 2 n nAnalytic language vs.synthetic languagen nIdeographic-oriented syllabic script vs.alphabetic scriptn nTonal language vs.intonation language第5页/共149页第六页，共150页。discussionn n馆：n n博物馆、图书馆、旅馆、宾馆、大使馆、领事馆、茶馆、饭馆(fngun)、理发馆、体育馆、展览馆、文化馆、美术馆、科技馆、天文

6、馆、照相馆n n酒：n n葡萄酒、白酒、烈酒、啤酒、香槟酒、鸡尾酒、白兰地酒、威士忌酒、杜松子酒第6页/共149页第七页，共150页。n n笔：n n钢笔、铅笔、圆珠笔、蜡笔、粉笔、毛笔、画笔、电笔 n n好：n na他是祖国的好儿子。n nb庄稼长得真好。n nc他们对我真好。n nd楼的质量不好(b ho)。n ne这个问题很好回答。n nf啊，好票第7页/共149页第八页，共150页。n n学习(xux)：n na学习(xux)知识n nb学习(xux)技术n nC学习(xux)外语n nd学习(xux)成绩n ne学习(xux)别人的长处n nf互相学习(xux)n ng以雷锋为学习(

7、xux)的榜样第8页/共149页第九页，共150页。意义意义(yy)的分类的分类（1）n n外延意义denotative meaning n n内涵意义connotative meaning n n风格意义stylistic meaning n n情感意义affective meaning n n联想(linxing)意义reflective meaning n n搭配意义co locative meaning n n主题意义 thematic meaning n nLeech 第9页/共149页第十页，共150页。意义意义(yy)的分类的分类（2）n n指称(zh chn)意义designa

8、tive meaning n n言内意义linguistic meaning n n言外意义pragmatic meaning n nCharles Morris 第10页/共149页第十一页，共150页。Translation of pragmatic meaningn n“娘，他们娘，他们是要剥我们中国人的脸皮啊，你知道是要剥我们中国人的脸皮啊，你知道(zh do)(zh do)吗吗?”?”n n骄阳下，柳树上，回答他的是一片骄阳下，柳树上，回答他的是一片“知了，知了知了，知了”的蝉的蝉声。声。n n“Mother“Mother，what they asked me what they a

9、sked me toto do was notbut do was notbut toto lose lose face for all Chinese!Dont you see?”face for all Chinese!Dont you see?”n nIn the scorching sunIn the scorching sun，from the willow treefrom the willow tree，comes the comes the confirmfing reply of the cicadas chirrupconfirmfing reply of the cica

10、das chirrup：“See“See，see”see”(夏乙琥译夏乙琥译)第11页/共149页第十二页，共150页。n n拿锄头刨黄连(hunglin)挖苦。n nTo dig Coptis with a hoedign n人曾为僧，人弗可以成佛。女卑是婢，女又何妨成奴。n n A Buddhist cannot bud into a Buddha.n n A maiden may be made a house maid.(许渊冲)第12页/共149页第十三页，共150页。n n 王佐良教授译雷雨王佐良教授译雷雨n n 鲁大海：（挣扎）放开我，你们这群强盗鲁大海：（挣扎）放开我，你们这群

11、强盗(qingdo)(qingdo)！n n 周萍：（向仆人）把他拉下去！周萍：（向仆人）把他拉下去！n n 鲁侍萍：（大哭）这真是一群强盗鲁侍萍：（大哭）这真是一群强盗(qingdo)(qingdo)！（走到周萍面前）你是萍（走到周萍面前）你是萍.凭什么打我的儿子！凭什么打我的儿子！n nHai:(struggling)Let go of me,you hooligans!Hai:(struggling)Let go of me,you hooligans!n nPing:(Ping:(toto the servants)Hustle him outside!the servants)Hus

12、tle him outside!n nMa:(breaking down)You are hooligans,too!Ma:(breaking down)You are hooligans,too!n n(going across(going across toto Chou Ping)Youre my-mighty free Chou Ping)Youre my-mighty free with your fists!What right have you with your fists!What right have you toto hit my son?hit my son?第13页/

13、共149页第十四页，共150页。n n默默(mm)无蚊的奉献n nMosquito-repellent incense,repelling mosquitoes in silence.第14页/共149页第十五页，共150页。exercisesn n1中国人民不用多久就会变得富裕起来。n n2一般人要到失去(shq)他们所拥有的一切时，才会珍惜他们所拥有的一切。n n3我们只消研究一下爱迪生所做出的杰出发现就可以看到其重大意义。n n4即使商品质量好，也不能漫天讨价。n n5最近人口统计显示中国人口已超过十三亿。第15页/共149页第十六页，共150页。Lecture 3 n nSyntact

14、ic differencen nText difference第16页/共149页第十七页，共150页。n nSynthetic vsSynthetic vsAnalyticAnalyticn nEnglish is a synthetic language marked with inflexions(English is a synthetic language marked with inflexions(曲折曲折(qzh)(qzh)变化形式变化形式)，while Chinese is an analytic language while Chinese is an analytic l

15、anguage without any inflectionwithout any inflection，which is usually implied in the which is usually implied in the context or explicitly shown in such words as“context or explicitly shown in such words as“着、了、过着、了、过”etc”etcFor exampleFor example：n nDuring the wartimeDuring the wartime，years like t

16、hese would have meant years like these would have meant certain death for many people.Many would have become certain death for many people.Many would have become beggars and others would have been compelled beggars and others would have been compelled toto sell their sell their childrenchildren n nT

17、hus encouraged,they made a still bolder plan for the next Thus encouraged,they made a still bolder plan for the next yearyear 第17页/共149页第十八页，共150页。n nCompact vsCompact vsDiffusiveDiffusiven nEnglish sentences are compact tightly combined with English sentences are compact tightly combined with conne

18、ctives or prepositionsconnectives or prepositions，while Chinese is diffusedwhile Chinese is diffused，that isthat is，loose in structureloose in structuren nNow the integrated circuit has reduced by many times the Now the integrated circuit has reduced by many times the size of the computer of which i

19、t forms a partsize of the computer of which it forms a part，thus creating thus creating a new generation of portable minicomputera new generation of portable minicomputern n现在集成电路成了计算机的组成部分，使计算机的体现在集成电路成了计算机的组成部分，使计算机的体积大大缩小积大大缩小(suxi(suxi o)o)，从而产生了新一代的便携式微型，从而产生了新一代的便携式微型计算机。计算机。第18页/共149页第十九页，共15

20、0页。n nA notion has taken hold in the US to the effect that the only people who should be encouraged to bring children into the world are those who can afford themn n在美国有一个根深蒂固的观点，说是只有(zhyu)对那些抚养得起子女的人，才应鼓励其生育。第19页/共149页第二十页，共150页。n nHypotactic vsParatacticn nIn Englishclauses or phrases are coordina

21、ted with or subordinated to one another syntactically while in Chinese theY are placed one after another without coordinating connectivesn nThe many colors of a rainbow range from red on the outside to violet on the insiden n彩虹(cihng)有多种颜色，外圈红，内圈紫。第20页/共149页第二十一页，共150页。n nHe had a disconcerting habi

22、t of expressing contradictory ideas in rapid successionn n他有一种令人(ln rn)难堪的习惯：一会儿一个看法，自相矛盾，变化无常。第21页/共149页第二十二页，共150页。n nComplex vs.Simplexn nEnglish sentences are long and complex，while Chinese sentences are short and simpleFor example：第22页/共149页第二十三页，共150页。n nMany man-made substances are replacing

23、certain natural Many man-made substances are replacing certain natural materials because either the quality of the natural product can materials because either the quality of the natural product can not meet our ever-increasing requirementnot meet our ever-increasing requirement，oror，more oftenmore

24、often，because the physical properties of the synthetic substance,which because the physical properties of the synthetic substance,which is the common name for man-made materialsis the common name for man-made materials，have been have been chosen,and even emphasizedchosen,and even emphasized，so that

25、it would be Of the so that it would be Of the greatest use in the fields in which it is greatest use in the fields in which it is toto be applied be appliedn n人造材料通称为合成人造材料通称为合成(hchng)(hchng)材料。许多人造材料正在代材料。许多人造材料正在代替某些天然材料，这或者是由于天然物产的数量不能满足替某些天然材料，这或者是由于天然物产的数量不能满足日益增长的需要，或者是由于人们选择了合成日益增长的需要，或者是由于人们

26、选择了合成(hchng)(hchng)材材料的一些物理性质并加以突出而造成的。因此，合成料的一些物理性质并加以突出而造成的。因此，合成(hchng)(hchng)材料在其应用领域将具有极大的用途。材料在其应用领域将具有极大的用途。第23页/共149页第二十四页，共150页。n nImpersonal vsPersonaln nThere are more impersonal structures in English than in Chinese，as shown in the following examples：n nWhat has happened to you?你出了什么事儿啦?

27、n nAn idea suddenly struck me 我突然想到一个主意。n nA strange peace came over her when she was alone 她独处时感到一种特别的安宁。n nNot a sound reached our ears 我们没有听到任何(rnh)声音。n nA great elation overcame them 他们欣喜若狂。n nThe truth finally dawned on her 她最终明白了真相。第24页/共149页第二十五页，共150页。n n Passive vsActiven nAs we have mentio

28、ned in the previous units，the passive voice is extensively used in English，while Chinese sentences are usually activen nA few years ago it was thought unusual that programs could ever be called up by viewers to be displayed on their TV screens at home 几年前人们还以为，观众居然能够打电话要求在自己家里的电视屏幕上播出节目(jim)是一种稀罕的事情

29、。第25页/共149页第二十六页，共150页。n n Static vsDynamicn nEnglish is static，with agent nouns being frequently used to replace verbs，while Chinese is dynamic，with more verbs being used in a single sentencen nHe is a good eater and a good sleeper 他能吃又能睡。n nYou must be a very bad learner；or else you must be going

30、to a very bad teacher 你一定很不善于学习，要不然就是(jish)教你的人很不会教 第26页/共149页第二十七页，共150页。n n Abstract vsConcreten nIn expressing the same idea English seems more abstract while Chinese，more concreten nThe absence of intelligence is an indication of satisfactory developments 没有消息即表明有令人满意的进展。n nA high degree of care

31、lessness，pre-operative and post-operative，on the part of some of the hospital staff，took place 医院某些医护人员在手术前后都非常(fichng)粗心 第27页/共149页第二十八页，共150页。n n Indirect VSDirectn nSome English sentences seem to be indirect in affirmation while Chinese Sentences are straightforwardn nI couldnt feel better 我觉得身体好

32、极了。n nI couldnt agree with you more 我太赞成你的看法了。n nHe cant see you quick enough 他很想尽快和你见面。n nIf you have a car，you are independent of trains and buses 如果(rgu)你有小汽车，就不用去坐火车或挤公共汽车。第28页/共149页第二十九页，共150页。n n Substitutive VSRepetitiven nGenerally speaking，there are not use so many repetitions in English as

33、 in Chinesen nYou should help her since you have promised to do SO 你既然答应(d yng)了要帮助她就应当帮助她。n nHe hated failure；he had conquered it all his life，risen above it，and despised it in others 他讨厌失败，他一生中曾战胜失败，超越失败，并且藐视别人的失败。第29页/共149页第三十页，共150页。Exercises n n1 1由于失业率增高，美元币值下降，股票市场处于由于失业率增高，美元币值下降，股票市场处于(ch(c

34、h y)y)困境之中，经济问题将是总统所面临的最严峻的考验。困境之中，经济问题将是总统所面临的最严峻的考验。n n2 2一到南京，我的朋友就在机场等着接我。一到南京，我的朋友就在机场等着接我。n n3 3尽管是一个大学生，小郑连一封英文信都写不好。尽管是一个大学生，小郑连一封英文信都写不好。n n4 42020年来，中国的科学家们为祖国做出了贡献。年来，中国的科学家们为祖国做出了贡献。n n5 5在这座小村落中，他被人们看成是一个聪敏的人。在这座小村落中，他被人们看成是一个聪敏的人。n n6.6.我校目前尚未设博士点。我校目前尚未设博士点。第30页/共149页第三十一页，共150页。Text

35、differencen n语篇功能和文化色彩 n n小的扣紧，大的放松，池子里捕鱼，太湖(ti h)里放生。n n(夏衍：考验)n nFussy about trifles，careless about big things.Penny wise，pound foolishn n她在戏中扮演包公。n nShe played the male role of Judge Bao in Chinese（the just and impartial judge in Chinese history)in the opera 第31页/共149页第三十二页，共150页。n n语篇功能和语体色彩n n如

36、蒙早日寄来样品或产品册，不胜感激。n nIt would be appreciated if samples and/or brochure could be soon forwarded to us.n n鄙人(brn)当尽力而为。n nYours truly will do his bestn n今年春季召开的全国科学大会，动员全国人民为祖国的科学、技术现代化而努力。n nThe national Science Conference convened this spring mobilized the entire nation work for the modernization of

37、 science and technology.第32页/共149页第三十三页，共150页。n n语篇功能和感情色彩n n金鸡鞋油(xiyu)：颜色有黑、棕、白、红、黄、蓝。n nGolden Rooster Shoe Polish comes in black，brown，white，red，yellow and bluen n“白象”牌电池White Elephant Brand第33页/共149页第三十四页，共150页。n n1你们不能草率行事，应先找李先生给你们点拨点拨。n n2该市警方对旅馆和公共娱乐场所定期展开“扫黑”行动。n n3这个贫困县年年从省里得到救济粮。n n4他们想问题

38、做事情的方法，他们的历史习惯跟我们不同。n n5今年春天(chntin)由党中央召开的全国科学大会，动员全国人民为祖国的科学、技术现代化而努力。第34页/共149页第三十五页，共150页。Lecture Four n nWork out the appropriate denotative meaning 第35页/共149页第三十六页，共150页。n n昨天看电影我没有买到好票。n n烟囱通风不好，所以火不旺。n n“行动比言语更响亮”可能老掉牙了，但它仍不失为一条真理。n n这个车间既做来料加工，又做来样加工。n n我银行里为你挂个名，你白天去走走，晚上教教我儿子，一面找机会，好不好?n

39、n她在中国(zhn u)留学服务中心工作。n n这个我自己决定不了，我得请示请示上边儿。第36页/共149页第三十七页，共150页。n nI did not buy a good seat for yesterdays film n nThere is not much draught up the chimney；thats why the fire doesnt burn well n n“Actions speak louder than words”may be an over-worn phrase，but its still truen nThis workshop process

40、es raw materials on clients demand and processes according to investors samples as well 第37页/共149页第三十八页，共150页。n nIll put you on the payroll at the bankYou can drop in during the day and in the evening tutor my son while looking for a jobHows that?n nShe works at the Chinese Service Centre for Schola

41、rly Exchange n nI cant decide on it personallyI have to ask the top kick.第38页/共149页第三十九页，共150页。n n一次性 n n这所全国重点大学为社会输送了大批的人才(rnci)。n n：要在不到十年中实现小康目标，任务是很艰难的，因为中国人口众多，底子薄，各地发展不平衡，第39页/共149页第四十页，共150页。n n“慰问”一词译成英语时应根据被慰问的对象选词。n n这些村民每年都到附近去慰问解放军。n n每年春节期间，当地官员往往去慰问烈军属。n n他到医院慰问病号去了。n n政府派了一个慰问团去慰问洪水灾

42、区(zi q)的人民。n n这些慰问袋春节之前要发到下岗职工手里。第40页/共149页第四十一页，共150页。汉英动词汉英动词(dngc)翻译的特点翻译的特点n n汉语动词的含义比较单一，其修饰意义往往需要副词配合。英语动词的表达能力强，不仅表达动作本身，而且还包含有修饰意义。所以翻译带副词修饰的汉语动词时，不少(b sho)情况下不使用副词。第41页/共149页第四十二页，共150页。n n一座古塔阴森森地矗立在山腰上。n n他摸索着把门打开。n n暴风雨狂袭了一阵后停了。n n我的姐姐又因为我不爱整洁而向我唠叨地劝诫了。n n这个(zh ge)案子很难办，但那个受审的人已事先得到律师的仔细

43、指点。第42页/共149页第四十三页，共150页。语篇词语语篇词语(cy)的翻译的翻译n n【例【例1 1】“首先，首先，”(”(译成英语有多种译法译成英语有多种译法(y f(y f)：FirstFirst；FirstlyFirstly；At firstAt first；First of allFirst of all；ToTo begin with begin with等。等。)n n【例【例2 2】“第二第二(三、四、五三、四、五)”)”可译为可译为“second“second(secondly(secondly；thirdthird，thirdlythirdly；fourthfourth

44、；fifth)fifth)。n n【例【例3 3】“最后，最后，”(”(可以译为：可以译为：lastlylastly；at lastat last；finallyfinally；eventuallyeventually；toto conclude conclude等等。等等。)n n【例【例4 4】“虽然虽然，”有多种表达法，应注意交替使用，有多种表达法，应注意交替使用，不可只使用一种表达法。不可只使用一种表达法。第43页/共149页第四十四页，共150页。n n文章虽短，但很有说服力。n n他虽很努力，但没成功。n n你虽然取得了成绩(chngj)，但仍应保持谦虚。n n她们虽是女流但却争着

45、抢着干最重的活。n n革命烈士虽死犹荣。n n虽然自己曾和她信誓旦旦，但此一时也彼一时也。第44页/共149页第四十五页，共150页。Lecture Fiven nchoose the best words:n nprecise,n nconcise,n n and expressive第45页/共149页第四十六页，共150页。n n这就点燃了武装斗争的燎原大火。这就点燃了武装斗争的燎原大火。n nThis lighted the prairie fire in revolutionary armed struggleThis lighted the prairie fire in revo

46、lutionary armed strugglen n他们在积极巩固战果。他们在积极巩固战果。n nThey are actively consolidating their victorious gains They are actively consolidating their victorious gains n n女诗人知道春天就要到了，因为女诗人知道春天就要到了，因为(yn wi)(yn wi)她看到了一些燕子。她看到了一些燕子。n nThe poetess knew spring was comingThe poetess knew spring was coming，becau

47、se she saw some swallows because she saw some swallowsn n他吹着口哨沿着海滨漫步。他吹着口哨沿着海滨漫步。n nHe was whistling as he walked along the beachHe was whistling as he walked along the beachn n他想这样会使工程及时全面展开，从而减少中途停工的可能。他想这样会使工程及时全面展开，从而减少中途停工的可能。n nHe thought this would lessen the chance of the projects being stop

48、ped He thought this would lessen the chance of the projects being stopped before it really got under waybefore it really got under way第46页/共149页第四十七页，共150页。n n吸烟是他的习惯，对他的健康损害很大。吸烟是他的习惯，对他的健康损害很大。n nSmokingSmoking，his habithis habit，has done considerable harm has done considerable harm toto his healt

49、h his healthn n他们你一句，我一句，说个没完。他们你一句，我一句，说个没完。n nThey talked on and on without stop.They talked on and on without stop.n n我们的目的，一定能够达到。我们的目的，一定能够达到。n nOur goal will be attained certainlyOur goal will be attained certainlyn n这些问题就是他提出的关于美国政治制度的问题。这些问题就是他提出的关于美国政治制度的问题。n nThese questions are the questi

50、ons/ones he raised on the American These questions are the questions/ones he raised on the American political systempolitical systemn n你们的计划要进行调整。你们的计划要进行调整。n nYour plan will have Your plan will have toto be adjusted be adjustedn n我们应该我们应该(ynggi)(ynggi)大力加快经济改革的步伐。大力加快经济改革的步伐。n nWe should make great