现在完成时最全解析学习教案.pptx

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1、会计学1现在完成现在完成(wnchng)时最全解析时最全解析第一页，共46页。现在完成现在完成(wnchng)时的构时的构成形式成形式havedonehas助动词助动词过去过去分词分词上一页第2页/共46页第二页，共46页。n n陈述句肯定形式(xngsh)。主语+have/has+过去分词+其它n ne.g.I have had lunch.已经吃过午饭了。n n He has gone to Beijing.他去北京了。n n陈述句否定形式(xngsh)。主语+have/has+not+过去分词+n n（在助动词have/has后+not，可缩写为havent/hasnt）n ne.g.I

2、 havent had lunch.我还没吃午饭n n He hasnt gone to Beijing.他还没有去北京。现在完成现在完成现在完成现在完成(wn(wn chng)chng)时的基本句型时的基本句型时的基本句型时的基本句型上一页第3页/共46页第三页，共46页。一般疑问句形式及其答语。Have/Has+主语(zhy)过去分词（将助动词have/has提前，句末加问号）肯定回答：Yes,主语(zhy)have/has.否定回答：No,主语(zhy)havent/hasnt.Has he gone to Beijing?他去过北京了吗？Yes,he has./No,he hasnt.

3、特殊疑问句形式。（疑问词+一般疑问句）特词+have/has+主语(zhy)过去分词？e.g.Where has he gone?他去了哪里？上一页第4页/共46页第四页，共46页。用来表示之前已经发生或完成的动作或状态，而其结果却和现在有联系(linx):动作或状态发生在过去,但它的影响现在还存在。They have left.-他们已经离开了。（也就是说现在他们人不在这里）I have had my lunch.-我已经吃过午饭了。（也就是说我现在不饿）现在现在(xinzi)完成时完成时的含义的含义也可表示持续到现在的动作也可表示持续到现在的动作(dngzu)或状态。或状态。Hehasle

4、arnedEnglishsince2001.-从从2001年开始学的年开始学的,现在还在继续学着呢现在还在继续学着呢上一页第5页/共46页第五页，共46页。nowpastfuture一般一般(ybn)过去时过去时现在现在(xinzi)完成时完成时一般过去时表示的是纯粹在过去发生的事情一般过去时表示的是纯粹在过去发生的事情现在完成时表示的是在过去某个时间开始并现在完成时表示的是在过去某个时间开始并持续持续(chx)到现在的动作到现在的动作/状态状态,或者发生在或者发生在过去却对现在造成的影响过去却对现在造成的影响上一页第6页/共46页第六页，共46页。现在完成时与一般现在完成时与一般(ybn)过

5、去时的比较过去时的比较1）一般）一般(ybn)过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。的影响，强调的是影响。Isawthisfilmyesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了。）（强调看的动作发生过了。）Ihaveseenthisfilm.（强调对现在（强调对现在(xinzi)的影响，的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）电影的内容已经知道了。）上一页第7页/共46页第七页，共46页。2）一般过去时）一般过去时常

6、与具体常与具体(jt)的表示过去的时间的表示过去的时间状语连用状语连用;现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语一般过去时的时间状语(zhungy):yesterday,lastweek，ago,in1990,inOctober,justnow,-具体的时间状语具体的时间状语(zhungy)现在完成时的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语(zhungy):for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inthepastfewyears,recently,-模糊

7、的时间状语模糊的时间状语(zhungy)上一页第8页/共46页第八页，共46页。现在完成现在完成(wn chng)时时的时间状语的时间状语常与不确定的时间状语常与不确定的时间状语(zhungy(zhungy)连用，如连用，如:already,:already,never,ever,just,yet,before,so far,in the past few yearsnever,ever,just,yet,before,so far,in the past few years等等,表示表示“到目前为止到目前为止”所发生的动作所发生的动作.还可以和表示一段时间的状语还可以和表示一段时间的状语(z

8、hungy(zhungy)连用，连用，since,for a long timesince,for a long time等等.上一页下一页第9页/共46页第九页，共46页。现在现在(xinzi)完成时的完成时的时间状语时间状语常与常与常与常与already,already,yet,yet,ever,ever,just,just,never,never,before,before,up up toto now,now,so far,so far,in the past few weeksin the past few weeks these days,these days,since sinc

9、e for+a long time for+a long time 连用连用连用连用(linyng)(linyng)上一页下一页第10页/共46页第十页，共46页。一、since Mr.Smith has worked here since 1984.（1984年以来，史密斯先生一直(yzh)在这工作。）I have known Daniel since 7 years ago.自从7年前我就认识丹尼尔。Hes learned about 500 words since he went to college.（他上大学以来大约学了五千个英语单词）上一页下一页一个一个时间点时间点一段时间一段时间

10、ago从句从句第11页/共46页第十一页，共46页。二、二、forfor时间段（一段时间）时间段（一段时间）（two weeks/six months/five daystwo weeks/six months/five days）forfor短语表示动作延续多长时间短语表示动作延续多长时间 。He has taught in this school for four years.He has taught in this school for four years.（他在这个（他在这个(zh ge)(zh ge)学校已经教了学校已经教了4 4年书了。）年书了。）I havent seen h

11、er for a long time.I havent seen her for a long time.（我好久没有见到她了。）（我好久没有见到她了。）上一页下一页第12页/共46页第十二页，共46页。（注）:对for或since引导的时间状语(zhungy)提问 必须用how long,决不能用when.Eg.Ihavelivedherefor10years.Howlonghaveyoulivedhere?Shehasstoodheresince2hourago.Howlonghasshestoodhere?上一页第13页/共46页第十三页，共46页。现在完成时时间状语现在完成时时间状语(

12、zhungy)的比较与运用的比较与运用:n n1）already（已经）（已经）和和yet（已（已经，还）经，还）n n already用于肯定句，放于句中用于肯定句，放于句中或句末，在句中时，位于助动或句末，在句中时，位于助动词词(dngc)或系动词或系动词(dngc)后，后，实义动词实义动词(dngc)前。前。n n yet用于否定句和疑问句，一般用于否定句和疑问句，一般在句末。在句末。n n I have already finished my homework.n n I havent finished my homework yet.n n上一页第14页/共46页第十四页，共46页。

13、n n2）ever（曾经，这以前）（曾经，这以前）never（从不）（从不）n n ever用于肯定句和疑问句中，用于肯定句和疑问句中，在句中位于在句中位于(wiy)助动词或助动词或系动词后，实义动词前。系动词后，实义动词前。n n never用于句中，助动词或系用于句中，助动词或系动词后，实义动词前，表示否动词后，实义动词前，表示否定意义。定意义。n n He has ever been to Paris.n n He has never been to Paris.上一页第15页/共46页第十五页，共46页。3 3）just just表示表示表示表示“刚刚刚刚刚刚刚刚”（用于完成时态（用于

14、完成时态（用于完成时态（用于完成时态(sh ti)(sh ti)时，与时，与时，与时，与alreadyalready，never never 等副词的位置一样，多用在助动词等副词的位置一样，多用在助动词等副词的位置一样，多用在助动词等副词的位置一样，多用在助动词have/hashave/has和动和动和动和动词过去分词之间）区别词过去分词之间）区别词过去分词之间）区别词过去分词之间）区别just now(just now(刚才，用于一般过去时）刚才，用于一般过去时）刚才，用于一般过去时）刚才，用于一般过去时）n nHe has just come back.He has just come b

15、ack.他刚刚他刚刚(gng gng)(gng gng)回来。回来。n nThey have just finished the work.They have just finished the work.他们刚刚他们刚刚(gng gng)(gng gng)完成那项工作。完成那项工作。上一页第16页/共46页第十六页，共46页。3）现在完成(wn chng)时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live,teach,learn,work,study,know.一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come,go,leave,start,die,finish,become,get mar

16、ried等。上一页第17页/共46页第十七页，共46页。n nShe joined the League three years ago.She joined the League three years ago.n n (加入加入加入加入(jir)(jir)的动作不是延续的的动作不是延续的的动作不是延续的的动作不是延续的)n n She has been in the League for three years(since three years ago).She has been in the League for three years(since three years ago).n

17、 n (在团内的状态可延续在团内的状态可延续在团内的状态可延续在团内的状态可延续)n n She has been a League member for three years(since three years ago).She has been a League member for three years(since three years ago).n n(是团员的状态可持续是团员的状态可持续是团员的状态可持续是团员的状态可持续)第18页/共46页第十八页，共46页。延续动词表示(biosh)经验、经历；瞬间动词表示(biosh)行为的结 果,不能与表示(biosh)一段时间的状语连

18、用。比较延续动词比较延续动词(dngc)与瞬间动词与瞬间动词(dngc)Hehasfinishedthework.他已完成了那项工作。他已完成了那项工作。(表结果表结果)Iveknownhimsincethen.我从那时起就认识我从那时起就认识(rnshi)他了。他了。(表经历表经历)第19页/共46页第十九页，共46页。延续性动词和非延续性动词（终止性动词）延续性动词表示能够延续的动作如：learn,work,keep,have,wait,stay等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间(shnjin)动词，表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束,不能与

19、表示一段时间的状语连用。如:die,begin,finish,come,go,open,leave,join,marry/getmarried等。第20页/共46页第二十页，共46页。leave-come/go(to)-arrive(at/in)-get(to)-reach-buy-borrow-finish-join-start/begin-die-close-open-return-marry-become-beaway(from)be(in/at)be(in/at)be(in/at)be(in/at)havekeepbeoverbein/bea/anbeonbedeadbeclosedb

20、eopenedbebackbemarriedbe上一页第21页/共46页第二十一页，共46页。也可以也可以(ky(ky)仍用原短暂性动词，用句型仍用原短暂性动词，用句型“It is “It is sincesince从句（从句中用一般过去时）从句（从句中用一般过去时）”或用或用“一般过去时一般过去时+ago”+ago”这一结构来表述延续性这一结构来表述延续性的动作或状的动作或状 态。态。上一页下一页第22页/共46页第二十二页，共46页。电影电影(diny(diny ng)ng)开始五分钟了。开始五分钟了。The film has been on for five minutes.The fi

21、lm has been on for five minutes.It is five minutes since the film beganIt is five minutes since the film beganThe film began five minutes ago.The film began five minutes ago.他入党五年了。他入党五年了。He has been in the Party for five years.He has been in the Party for five years.It is five years since he joined

22、 the Party.It is five years since he joined the Party.He joined the Party five years ago.He joined the Party five years ago.下一页上一页第23页/共46页第二十三页，共46页。非延续性动词非延续性动词(dngc)与时间段与时间段的关系的关系 短暂性动词短暂性动词(dngc)(dngc)在肯定在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段连句、疑问句中不能与时间段连用，这些动词用，这些动词(dngc)(dngc)是：是：become,become,begin,buy,begin,buy,b

23、orrow,borrow,come(go,arrive),die,come(go,arrive),die,finish,join,finish,join,leave,leave,等。等。上一页下一页为了表述这种意思,我们常用相应的延续性动词来代替(dit)非延续性（终止性）动词。第24页/共46页第二十四页，共46页。但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以(ky)(ky)(ky)(ky)与时间段连用。与时间段连用。与时间段连用。与时间段连用。如：如：如：如：I havent bought the bike for a y

24、ear.I havent bought the bike for a year.I havent bought the bike for a year.I havent bought the bike for a year.我买这辆自行车还不到一年。我买这辆自行车还不到一年。我买这辆自行车还不到一年。我买这辆自行车还不到一年。She hasnt come here for an hour.She hasnt come here for an hour.She hasnt come here for an hour.She hasnt come here for an hour.她来这儿还没有一

25、个小时。她来这儿还没有一个小时。她来这儿还没有一个小时。她来这儿还没有一个小时。上一页下一页第25页/共46页第二十五页，共46页。翻翻 译译 练练 习：习：1.我买了这块我买了这块(zh kui)手表五年了。手表五年了。2.这位老人已经死了十年了。这位老人已经死了十年了。I I have boughthave bought this watch for five years.this watch for five years.I I have hadhave had this watch this watch forfor five years/five years/sincesince 5

26、 5 years years ago.ago.The old man The old man has diedhas died for ten years.for ten years.The old man The old man has been deadhas been dead for ten for ten years/since 10 years/since 10 years ago.years ago.WW下一页上一页第26页/共46页第二十六页，共46页。3.3.他已经他已经(y jing)(y jing)回来三天了。回来三天了。4.4.自从六点钟他就来这儿了。自从六点钟他就来这

27、儿了。5.5.我离开家乡已十年了。我离开家乡已十年了。He He has come backhas come back for 3 days.for 3 days.He He has been backhas been back forfor 3 days/3 days/sincesince 3 3 days days agoago.He He has come herehas come here since 6 oclock.since 6 oclock.He He has been herehas been here since 6 oclock.since 6 oclock.I I ha

28、ve lefthave left hometown for 10 years.hometown for 10 years.I I have been away fromhave been away from hometown for 10 hometown for 10 years.years.WWW下一页上一页第27页/共46页第二十七页，共46页。HehasgonetoShanghai.他他(已经已经(yjing)去上去上海了。海了。HehasbeentoShanghai.他他(曾经曾经(cngjng)去过去过上海。上海。比较比较(bjio)have/hasbeentohave/hasgo

29、neto第28页/共46页第二十八页，共46页。have been 与与have gone 的用法的用法(yn f)比较比较 have been to 意思意思(y s)是是“到过，到过，去过去过”，表示曾经到过某处，表示曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。但现在人不在那儿。have gone to 意思意思(y s)是是“去了去了”，表示已经去了某地，现在，表示已经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。儿了。have been in 意思意思(y s)是是“呆呆在某处一段时间了在某处一段时间了”上一页下一页第29页/共46页第二十九页，共46页。HewenttoSh

30、anghailastweek.他他(曾经曾经)到到/去过上海去过上海在他人在他人(trn)生中曾经有过这样的经历生中曾经有过这样的经历,但他人但他人(trn)现在肯定不是在上海而是回来了现在肯定不是在上海而是回来了他已经去上海了他已经去上海了也许刚动身出发也许刚动身出发,也许已经到了也许已经到了,也许还在路上也许还在路上(lshng),反正他人不在这里反正他人不在这里上周他上周他做了一件事做了一件事:那就是那就是(jish)去了上海去了上海HehasbeentoShanghai.HehasgonetoShanghai.HehasbeeninShanghaifor10years.他他呆在上海迄今

31、为止已经呆在上海迄今为止已经10年了年了现在还在上海没有离开呢现在还在上海没有离开呢HelivedinShanghaifor10years.以前他以前他在上海住过在上海住过10年年现在不在上海了现在不在上海了第30页/共46页第三十页，共46页。1.Hedied10yearsago.-He_for10years/since10yearsago.2.Heborrowedthebook2weeksago.-He_thebookfor2weeks.3.Heboughtthemotorbikeamonthago.-He_themotorbikeforamonth.4.Hearrivedherethre

32、edaysago.-He_heresincethreedaysago.5.Theyturnedoffthelight2hoursago.-Thelight_for2hours.延延续续性性动动词词(dngc)和和瞬瞬间间性性动动词词(dngc)之之间间的的转转化化上一页第31页/共46页第三十一页，共46页。n n6.He left here 2 years ago.6.He left here 2 years ago.n n -He _ _ _ from here for 2 years.-He _ _ _ from here for 2 years.n n7.The film began

33、30 minutes ago.7.The film began 30 minutes ago.n n -The film _ _ _ for 30 minutes.-The film _ _ _ for 30 minutes.n n8.They opened the door an hour ago.8.They opened the door an hour ago.n n -The door _ _ _ for an hour.-The door _ _ _ for an hour.n n9.They closed the door an hour ago.9.They closed th

34、e door an hour ago.n n -The door _ _ _ for an hour.-The door _ _ _ for an hour.n n10.He joined the army last year.10.He joined the army last year.n n -He _ _ a _ for a year.-He _ _ a _ for a year.n n -He _ _ _ the army for a year.-He _ _ _ the army for a year.n n -It _ a year _ he joined the army.-I

35、t _ a year _ he joined the army.上一页第32页/共46页第三十二页，共46页。1.Hedied10yearsago.-Hehasbeendeadfor10years/since10yearsago.2.Heborrowedthebook2weeksago.-Hehaskeptthebookfor2weeks.3.Heboughtthemotorbikeamonthago.-Hehashadthemotorbikeforamonth.4.Hearrivedherethreedaysago.-Hehasbeenheresincethreedaysago.5.They

36、turnedoffthelight2hoursago.-Thelighthasbeenonfor2hours.延延续续性性动动词词和和瞬瞬间间(shnjin)性性动动词词之之间间的的转转化化(keys)上一页第33页/共46页第三十三页，共46页。n n6.He left here 2 years ago.6.He left here 2 years ago.n n -He -He has been awayhas been away from here for 2 years.from here for 2 years.n n7.The film began 30 minutes ago.7

37、.The film began 30 minutes ago.n n -The film -The film has been onhas been on for 30 minutes.for 30 minutes.n n8.They opened the door an hour ago.8.They opened the door an hour ago.n n -The door -The door has been openhas been open for an hour.for an hour.n n9.They closed the door an hour ago.9.They

38、 closed the door an hour ago.n n -The door -The door has been closedhas been closed for an hour.for an hour.n n10.He joined the army last year.10.He joined the army last year.n n -He -He has been a soldierhas been a soldier for a year.for a year.n n -He -He has been inhas been in the army for a year

39、.the army for a year.n n -It -It is is a year since he joined the army.a year since he joined the army.上一页第34页/共46页第三十四页，共46页。动动 词词 填填 空：空：1._ you _(clean)the room?1._ you _(clean)the room?Yes,we _(do)that Yes,we _(do)that alreadyalready.When _ you _(do)it?When _ you _(do)it?We _(do)it We _(do)it an

40、 hour agoan hour ago.2._ he _(see)this film 2._ he _(see)this film yetyet?Yes.?Yes.When _ he _(see)it?When _ he _(see)it?He _ it He _ it last weeklast week.3.How many times _you_(be)there?3.How many times _you_(be)there?Havecleanedhave donediddodidHasseendidseesawhavebeen下一页上一页第35页/共46页第三十五页，共46页。4.

41、I _(read)the novel twice.Its interesting.5.She _(go)to Pairs,hasnt she?Yes.How _ she _(go)there?She _(go)there by air.6.So far,many countries _(develop)their software programs.7.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking last year.8.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking since last year.have readhas gonedidgowenthave developedga

42、vehas given下一页上一页第36页/共46页第三十六页，共46页。选用选用(xunyng)for和和 since填空填空:1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years ago.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China.5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years.6.Its five

43、years _ we met last time.forsinceforsinceforsince下一页上一页第37页/共46页第三十七页，共46页。用用用用Have been Have been toto,have gone,have gone toto,have been in have been in 填空填空填空填空(tinkng)(tinkng)1.1.1.1.Mike and his parents _ the north Mike and his parents _ the north Mike and his parents _ the north Mike and his p

44、arents _ the north for half a year.for half a year.for half a year.for half a year.2.2.2.2.Mum is not at home now.she _ the Mum is not at home now.she _ the Mum is not at home now.she _ the Mum is not at home now.she _ the shop.shop.shop.shop.3.3.3.3._ you ever _ to kunming?Never._ you ever _ to kun

45、ming?Never._ you ever _ to kunming?Never._ you ever _ to kunming?Never.4.4.4.4.Where _ you _ these days?Where _ you _ these days?Where _ you _ these days?Where _ you _ these days?5.5.5.5.Has Jim arrived yet?Has Jim arrived yet?Has Jim arrived yet?Has Jim arrived yet?Yes,he _ here for several days.Ye

46、s,he _ here for several days.Yes,he _ here for several days.Yes,he _ here for several days.6.6.6.6.Where is Peter?I dont know where he Where is Peter?I dont know where he Where is Peter?I dont know where he Where is Peter?I dont know where he _._._._.7.7.7.7.Hi Jim!Where _ you _?Li Lei Hi Jim!Where

47、_ you _?Li Lei Hi Jim!Where _ you _?Li Lei Hi Jim!Where _ you _?Li Lei is looking for you.is looking for you.is looking for you.is looking for you.have been inhas gone tohave beenHave beenhas been has gonehave been下一页上一页第38页/共46页第三十八页，共46页。改改 错错1.How long have you 1.How long have you begun to studyb

48、egun to study English?English?2.I have 2.I have borrowedborrowed this book for two weeks.this book for two weeks.3.The river has3.The river has become become very dirty since last August.very dirty since last August.4.Our manager is away today.He has 4.Our manager is away today.He has beenbeen to to

49、 Guangzhou on business.Guangzhou on business.5.He has 5.He has gonegone out for two years.out for two years.studiedkeptbeengonebeen下一页上一页第39页/共46页第三十九页，共46页。1.Thehouseisdirty.We_itforweeks.AdidntcleanBhadntcleanedCdontcleanDhaventcleaned2.-_thesportsmeetingmightbeputoff.-Yes,italldependsontheweather

50、.AIvebeentoldBIvetoldCImtoldDItold3.-Imsorrytokeepyouwaiting.-Oh,notatall.I_hereonlyafewminutes.AhavebeenBhadbeenCwasDwillbe4.Youdontneedtodescribeher.I_herseveraltimes.A.hadmetBhavemetCmetDmeet5.-WillyougotoBeijingforvacation?-I_togo,butIdontknowifIcango.AwasplanningBhaveplannedChadbeenplanningDhav