N版高一（上）Module1Unit1Grammarandusage.ppt

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1、高一（上）Unit 1 School lifeGrammar and usageGrammar and usageLead-in:1.What are they wearing?2.Can you describe the girls using 3.attributives?1.The red girls.2.The girls in red.3.The girls who are wearing red.Attributives:Attributive clause:Question:Which is an attributive clause?1.The red girls.2.The

2、girls in red.3.The girls who are wearing red.prepositional phrase attributive clauseadjectiveConceptAn attributive clause modifies a noun in the same way that an adjective or prepositional phrase does.The noun it modifies is called an antecedent.eg.The team who are wearing red.Relatives:The attribut

3、ive clauses are usually introduced by relative pronouns like which,that,who,whom,as and whose,or relative adverbs like where,why and when.In the attributive clauses the relative words usually function as the:subject,object,predicative,attribute,adverbial.FunctionsThe trees are behind the office buil

4、ding.They have lost their leaves.SubjectThe trees which are behind the office building have lost their lives.The man is kind.Everyone likes him.The man(who)everyone likes is kind.Object Jack used to be a lazy boy.He is no longer a lazy boy.Jack is no longer the lazy boy that he used to be.Predicativ

5、e She has a brother.I cant remember his name.She has a brother whose name I cant remember.Attribute The school is in Shenzhen.He studied in the school.The school where he studied is in Shenzhen.Adverbial 关系代词关系代词 that,which,who,whom 和和 whose 的用法的用法 关系代词关系代词who 指人，作主语或宾语指人，作主语或宾语（作宾语常可省略）；（作宾语常可省略）；w

6、hom指人，指人，作宾语；作宾语；whose 指人或物，作定语；指人或物，作定语；which 指物，作主语、宾语、表语指物，作主语、宾语、表语;that 指人或物，指人或物，作主语、宾语、表语；作主语、宾语、表语；as 指人或物，作主语、表语，指人或物，作主语、表语，as的作的作用接近用接近who和和which;关系代词用法关系代词用法 关系代关系代词词 指代指代 在从句中在从句中 的作用的作用 that which who whom whose(=of which)人物人物 主宾主宾 主宾主宾 主宾主宾 宾宾 定定 人人 人人人物人物 物物 1.The man _stands there i

7、s Tom.2.The girl _I met is Ms Li.3.The boy _watch was lost is Tom.4.The book _ lies on the desk is his.5.The pen _ you bought is good.6.The magazine _cover is red is 7.nice.who/that(whom/that)whosewhich/that(which/that)whoseExercise:I.That 和和 which以下情况，引导词用以下情况，引导词用that，不用不用which。1.先行词为不定代词先行词为不定代词

8、everything，something，nothing，anything 等修饰时，常用关系等修饰时，常用关系代词代词 that 来引导定语从句。来引导定语从句。Note:2.先行词被先行词被all,few,little,much,every,some,no等词修饰或被等词修饰或被the only,the very,the same,the last 等限定词修饰时，用关系代词等限定词修饰时，用关系代词 that 引导定引导定语从句。例如：语从句。例如：These are all the pictures that I have seen.这是我看的所有照片。这是我看的所有照片。This i

9、s the very dictionary that is of great help.这就是那本对我帮助很大的字典。这就是那本对我帮助很大的字典。3.先行词前有先行词前有形容词最高级形容词最高级、序数词序数词修饰时，修饰时，用用关系代词关系代词 that 引导定语从句。如：引导定语从句。如：The first thing that they should do is to work out a plan.他们应该做的第一件事是订个计划。他们应该做的第一件事是订个计划。Newton was one of the greatest men that ever lived.牛顿是世界上最伟大的人物

10、之一。牛顿是世界上最伟大的人物之一。4.先行词先行词同时指人和物同时指人和物时时，用用that。如：如：We talked about the things and persons that we saw in the movie.我们谈论了我们在这部电影中所见的人和事。我们谈论了我们在这部电影中所见的人和事。Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street.瞧瞧那个沿街走过来的男人和他的驴子。瞧瞧那个沿街走过来的男人和他的驴子。5.当先行词前面有当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词等疑问代词时时用用that。如：

11、如：Which is the book that you want?哪本是你想要的书？哪本是你想要的书？Who is the man that is standing by the gate?站在大门旁边的那个男人是谁？站在大门旁边的那个男人是谁？Part A习题参考答案习题参考答案 (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)who 先行词为先行词为“students”,who 指人，在句中作主语。指人，在句中作主语。which 先行词为先行词为“time”,which 指代物。指代物。who 先行词为先行词为“students,who 指代人，在句中做主语。指代人，在句中做主语。who

12、m 先行词为先行词为“students”,并在句中作宾语。并在句中作宾语。which 先行词为先行词为“classes”，which指代物。指代物。which 先行词为先行词为“classes”，which指代物。指代物。whose 先行词为先行词为“teacher”，并在句中作定语。，并在句中作定语。whom 先行词为先行词为“teacher”,并在句中做宾并在句中做宾语。语。Exercise:1.This is the best film _weve seen.2.That is the last lesson _I gave you.3.This is the very book _he

13、 is looking after.4.This is just the coat _ color is blue.5.That is the right place _ they study.6.I still remember the schools and boys _ I met here.(that)(that)(that)whosewhere(that)7.Everything _ you said is true.8.Which is the book _ you want?9.Who is the girl _ sits there.10.All _ he said is tr

14、ue.11.All _ is said by him is true.12.Are there any problems _ trouble you?13.I will make full use of the time _ there is left for me.(that)(that)that(that)that that(that)Former student returns from ChinaDavid Holmes studies at our school from 2001 to 2004.He has recently returned from his studies i

15、n China.David was one of the most helpful studentsthat we ever had.In 2004,he went to Oxford University where he became interested in Chineseculture.After graduating from university,he went toChina to study Chinese at Beijing Language andCulture University.Two years later,he was able to speak fluent

16、 Chinese.Upon finishing his studies,he started travelling in China.Some of the cities in China which he likes most are Beijing,Shanghai,Harbin and Nanjing.In China he developed an interest in teaching English to Chinese students.Most of the students whom he taught have become his friends.When he ret

17、urned to British two months ago,he brought back from China many interesting books,dictionaries,paintings and photographs.He donated most of them to our school library.Some of the books were gifts that he got from his Chinese friends and students.The paintings that David donated to the school are bei

18、ng shown in the exhibition room.Teachers and students at our school wish to thank David for his kindness.Next month we will have our school open day.We have invited David to be one of our guest speakers.He will make a speech about his splendid experiences in China.The speech is going to be at 3 p.m.

19、on 9 October.At the end of his speech,there will be 30 minutes for questions and answers.So,if you are interested in knowing more about China,you mustnt miss the chance to meet David at the open day.Language points 1.Former student returns from China 以前的学生从中国归来以前的学生从中国归来 former adj.以前的以前的 e.g.By stu

20、dying old photos of the former Amber Room,they have made the new one look like the old one.通过研究琥珀屋原来的照片，他们建造的通过研究琥珀屋原来的照片，他们建造的 新琥珀屋样子和旧的看起来非常像。新琥珀屋样子和旧的看起来非常像。2.David was one of the most helpful students that we ever had.戴维是我们遇到过的最乐于助人的学生之一。戴维是我们遇到过的最乐于助人的学生之一。本句为本句为主从复合句主从复合句。that引导点语从句，且在从句中引导点语从

21、句，且在从句中作宾语。作宾语。注意注意：当先行词是序数词、形容词的最高级或先：当先行词是序数词、形容词的最高级或先 行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时，行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时，定语从句只能用定语从句只能用that 而不用而不用which引导。引导。e.g.The first song that I learned will never be forgotten.我永远不会忘记我学的第一首歌。我永远不会忘记我学的第一首歌。3.After graduating from university,he went to China to study Chinese at Beijing La

22、nguage and Culture University.大学毕业后，他去了中国，大学毕业后，他去了中国，在北京语言文化大学学习中文。在北京语言文化大学学习中文。graduate vi.毕业毕业 n.C 毕业生毕业生 e.g.My brother is a graduate of Yale.我的哥哥是耶鲁大学的毕业生。我的哥哥是耶鲁大学的毕业生。graduate from 从从毕业。毕业。He graduated from Oxford.他毕业于牛津大学。他毕业于牛津大学。4.Two years later,he was able to speak fluent Chinese.两年后他就能

23、讲一口流利的中文了。两年后他就能讲一口流利的中文了。fluent adj.流利的流利的 e.g.Ramon is fluent in English and French.拉蒙的英语和法语都讲得很流利。拉蒙的英语和法语都讲得很流利。扩展：扩展：fluently adv.流利地；流畅地流利地；流畅地5.Upon finishing his studies,he started travelling in China.学习一结束，他就开始游历中国。学习一结束，他就开始游历中国。upon/on+n./doing sth.表示表示“一一就就”,句中句中 upon finishing his studi

24、es 相当于相当于 as soon as he finished his studies。e.g.Upon arriving at the school,he telephoned me.他一到学校就给我打电话了。他一到学校就给我打电话了。On hearing the good news,my sister jumped with joy.一听到这个好消息，我妹妹高兴地跳了起来。一听到这个好消息，我妹妹高兴地跳了起来。6.In China he developed an interest in teaching English to Chinese students.在中国他对教中国学生英语产

25、生了兴趣。在中国他对教中国学生英语产生了兴趣。develop an interest 对对产生兴趣产生兴趣 e.g.Under the help of my teacher,I began to develop an interest in Chinese.在老师的帮助下，我开始对汉语产生了兴趣。在老师的帮助下，我开始对汉语产生了兴趣。7.He donated most of them to our school library.他把其中的大部分都捐给了我们学校的图书馆。他把其中的大部分都捐给了我们学校的图书馆。donate vt.捐赠捐赠 e.g.Local people lined up

26、to donate biood for the brave girl.当地群众排队给这位勇敢地姑娘献血。当地群众排队给这位勇敢地姑娘献血。donate sth.To sb./sth.把某物捐给某人把某物捐给某人/某物某物 e.g.She donated her books to the library.她把她的书捐给了图书馆。她把她的书捐给了图书馆。扩展：扩展：donation n.U,C 捐赠；捐赠物捐赠；捐赠物 e.g.Would you like to make a donation?你愿意捐赠吗？你愿意捐赠吗？8.The paintings that David donated to

27、the school are being shown in the exhibition room.戴维捐给学校的绘画作品正在展览室展出。戴维捐给学校的绘画作品正在展览室展出。本句中本句中that引导的定语从句在从句中作宾语引导的定语从句在从句中作宾语，指代先，指代先行词行词paintings。主句谓语动词。主句谓语动词are being shown 采用采用现在进行时的被动语态现在进行时的被动语态(构成形式为构成形式为am/are/is+being+过去分词过去分词)，表示正在发生的被动动作。，表示正在发生的被动动作。e.g.-Are you about to have dinner?-Ye

28、s,it is being served in the dining-room.你们是要准备吃饭吗？你们是要准备吃饭吗？是的，餐厅里正在上菜。是的，餐厅里正在上菜。9.Teachers and students at our school wish to thank David for his kindness.我们学校的师生都想对戴维的善意表示感谢。我们学校的师生都想对戴维的善意表示感谢。kindness n.U 善意；善良；好意善意；善良；好意 e.g.She was known to all for her kindness.她的仁慈人人皆知。她的仁慈人人皆知。归纳：归纳：sadness

29、 悲伤悲伤 brightness 明亮明亮 happiness 幸福幸福 correctness 正确正确 selfishness 自私自私 darkness 黑暗黑暗 sickness 生病生病 usefulness 有用有用10.He will make a speech about his splendid experiences in China.他将就他在中国极棒的经历发表演讲。他将就他在中国极棒的经历发表演讲。splendid adj.极佳的；非常好的极佳的；非常好的 e.g.What a splendid idea!这主意棒极了！这主意棒极了！Weve all had a spl

30、endid time.我们大家都玩得很开心。我们大家都玩得很开心。联想：联想：excellent adj.极好的，卓越的极好的，卓越的 outstanding adj.杰出的，出色的杰出的，出色的1.The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _ lives were affected.A.whose B.that C.who D.whichB.【2013福福建建】高考链接：高考链接：【答案答案】A【解析解析】考查定语从句。其中考查定语从句。其中those作为先行词，定作为先行词，定 语从句中缺少语从句中

31、缺少lives的定语，故用的定语，故用whose。2.Happiness and success often come to those _are good at recognizing their own strengths.A.whomB.who C.whatD.which 【2013湖南湖南】【答案答案】B【解析解析】考查定语从句。先行词为考查定语从句。先行词为those，指人；定，指人；定 语从句中缺少主语，故使用关系代词语从句中缺少主语，故使用关系代词who。3.The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for Chi

32、na ,he remembers starting as early as his childhood.A.where B.which C.what D.whenB.【2013江苏江苏】【答案答案】B【解析解析】考查定语从句。先行词为考查定语从句。先行词为passion，定语从，定语从 句中缺少宾语，故用关系代词句中缺少宾语，故用关系代词which。4.John invited about 40 people to his wedding,most of are family members.A them B.that C.which D.whom 【2013重庆重庆】【答案答案】D【解析解析

33、】考查定语从句。先行词为考查定语从句。先行词为40 people，定，定语从句中缺少主语，故使用语从句中缺少主语，故使用whom。介词之后不能。介词之后不能用用that，应予以排除；，应予以排除；which指先行词为物；指先行词为物；them为人称代词，应用于并列句中。为人称代词，应用于并列句中。5.The children,_ had played the whole day long,were worn out.A.all of what B.all of which C.all of them D.all of whom 【2013浙江浙江】【答案答案】D【解析解析】考查定语从句。先判断为定语从句，先考查定语从句。先判断为定语从句，先 行词为行词为children，故答案为，故答案为D。Homework Review the attributive clauses and relative pronouns.