动名词的用法课件.ppt

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1、Module TwoModule Two语法点的讲练语法点的讲练动名词动名词Grammar动名词的定义动名词的定义它是一种兼有动词和名词特征的非谓语动词形式。基本形式为它是一种兼有动词和名词特征的非谓语动词形式。基本形式为:v-ing,动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以做主语、表动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以做主语、表语、宾语、定语等。动名词有时态和语态的变化。语、宾语、定语等。动名词有时态和语态的变化。动名词的时态和语态的基本形式动名词的时态和语态的基本形式：（以：（以write为例）为例）时时态态语态语态一般时一般时完成时完成时主动语态主动语态writing having writ

2、ten 被动语态被动语态being written having been written 注意：动名词的否定形式是：注意：动名词的否定形式是：not writing V-ing形式的构成方式：形式的构成方式：1.在一般情况下，在动词原形后直接加词尾在一般情况下，在动词原形后直接加词尾 ing。eg.go going;do doing;ask asking;read-reading study studying;carry carrying;fly flying;worry worrying;2.在以不发音的在以不发音的e 结尾的动词后，去掉结尾的动词后，去掉e，再加，再加-ing。e com

3、ing live living dance dancing make making 3.在闭音节的单音节动词后、以重读闭音节结尾的多音节在闭音节的单音节动词后、以重读闭音节结尾的多音节动词，而末尾只有一个辅音字母时，将这个辅音字母双写动词，而末尾只有一个辅音字母时，将这个辅音字母双写（x除外），然后再加除外），然后再加 ing.sit sitting;run running;begin beginning;forget forgetting 4.在少数几个以在少数几个以 ie 结尾的动词后：须将结尾的动词后：须将ie 变作变作y，再加，再加-ing。(这些动词词典一般均注明这些动词词典一般均注

4、明)eg.die dying;tie tying lie lying 性质性质 主语主语 表语表语 宾语宾语 宾补宾补 定语定语 状语状语动名动名词词n.pron.动名词能在句中充当什么成分？动名词能在句中充当什么成分？以及同位语以及同位语动名词的基本用法动名词的基本用法用作主语用作主语所表动作比较抽象，或者泛指习惯性的动作。所表动作比较抽象，或者泛指习惯性的动作。Playing with fire is dangerous.Climbing mountains is really fun.注意：注意：动名词做主语，有时先用动名词做主语，有时先用it作形式主语，把动名词作形式主语，把动名词置于

5、句末。这种用法在习惯句型中常用。置于句末。这种用法在习惯句型中常用。1)It is no use/good/useless+doing2)It is a waste of time+doing 3)It is fun+doing 在以上两种结构中常用动名词作主语。在以上两种结构中常用动名词作主语。Its no use crying over spilt溢出溢出 milk.(覆水难收）覆水难收）There is no joking about the matter.It is fun playing with children.和孩子们一起玩真好。和孩子们一起玩真好。3.句型句型There is

6、 往往用于往往用于说说明明不允不允许许、禁止、禁止某种活某种活动动或是某件事情或是某件事情发发生或存在生或存在。类类似一种建似一种建议议、命令等。、命令等。1)There is no joking about such matters.2)There is no denying the fact that China has made a rapid progress in every aspect since it was founded.不容抵不容抵赖这赖这个事个事实实，中国自它成立以来已在各个，中国自它成立以来已在各个方面都取得了方面都取得了飞飞速的速的发发展。展。3)There is

7、no littering about.不不许许乱扔乱扔杂杂物。物。2.用作宾语用作宾语1）作动词的宾语）作动词的宾语 某些动词后只能用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式。常见的此某些动词后只能用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式。常见的此类动词有：类动词有：advise,allow,permit,avoid,consider,enjoy,finish,give up,cannot help,imagine,include,keep,keep on,mind,miss,put off,delay推迟推迟 耽误耽误,practise,resist 坚持坚持 suggest,depend on,think abou

8、t,set about开开始做始做,succeed in,worry about,burst out突然发生突然发生,insist on,be used to,get used to,devoteto,look forward to,pay attention to,get down to准备准备 等。如：等。如：They went on walking and never stopped talking.他们继他们继续走，说个不停。续走，说个不停。I found it pleasant walking along the seashore.在海滩上在海滩上走真是乐事。走真是乐事。为了便于记忆

9、，特归纳如下：为了便于记忆，特归纳如下：后跟后跟-ing的动词的顺口溜：的动词的顺口溜：避免，错过，（少）延期避免，错过，（少）延期建议，完成，（多）练习建议，完成，（多）练习喜欢，想象，禁不住喜欢，想象，禁不住承认，否定，（又）妒忌承认，否定，（又）妒忌逃避，冒险，（多）原谅逃避，冒险，（多）原谅忍受，保持，（不）介意忍受，保持，（不）介意avoid,miss,postpone/put offsuggest,finish,practiceenjoy,imagine,cant helpadmit,deny,envyescape,risk,excusestand,keep,mind2）作介词的宾

10、语）作介词的宾语 We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term.我们正考虑为下学期制定新我们正考虑为下学期制定新的计划。的计划。Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work?我们休息呢还是开始干活我们休息呢还是开始干活？Despite lacking money,his parents sent him to a good university.He was late again because of getting up late.Lock the doors and wi

11、ndows before going out.What/How about the two of us playing games？注意：注意：to 在下列短语中是介词，常跟动名词作宾语。在下列短语中是介词，常跟动名词作宾语。be/get used to look forward to get down to 开始认真做开始认真做 pay attention to devote oneself to 献身于献身于 lead to contribute to object to（反对）（反对）Lets get down to preparing for the exam.3)动名词用在下列词组后

12、作宾语：动名词用在下列词组后作宾语：give up,cant help,feel like,be worth,be busy,set about开始做某事开始做某事,put off,think of，insist on等等 I cant help loving you.Do you feel like having a break?4)既可接动名词又可接不定式的常用动词有：既可接动名词又可接不定式的常用动词有：remember,forget,regret,mean,try等，但表达的意义不同。等，但表达的意义不同。I remember seeing her at the hotel.我记得在宾

13、馆见过她。我记得在宾馆见过她。(动作发生了动作发生了)I will remember to see her at the hotel.我记着要去宾馆见她。我记着要去宾馆见她。(动作尚未发生动作尚未发生)1remember/forget/regretto do动作尚未发生动作尚未发生doing 动作已经发生动作已经发生2.try to do 设法、努力去做，尽力设法、努力去做，尽力doing 试试去做（看有何结果）试试去做（看有何结果）3.mean to do 打算做（主语一般是人）打算做（主语一般是人）doing 意味着（主语一般是物）意味着（主语一般是物）4.regretto do对将要做的

14、事抱歉对将要做的事抱歉doing 对已经发生的事感到后悔对已经发生的事感到后悔5.stopto do停下去做另外一件事停下去做另外一件事doing 停止做手头的事情停止做手头的事情注意注意 1.在一些动名词（短语）作介词在一些动名词（短语）作介词in的宾的宾语语 的结构中，介词的结构中，介词in 可以省略。这些结构有：可以省略。这些结构有：1）difficulty trouble S+have+problem +(in)doing.a good/hard time fun2)There is no point(in)doing sth.3)be busy S+lose time +(in)do

15、ing.waste time4)S+spend time/money(in)doing sth.注意注意在带有宾补的结构中，往往用在带有宾补的结构中，往往用it作形式宾语而作形式宾语而将真正宾语（动名词）放在句尾。将真正宾语（动名词）放在句尾。1.I consider it a waste of time arguing about it.2.We found it useless discussing it again.3.I dong think it worthwhile doing it right now.think consider useless S+find it+no use

16、 +doing feel like no good etc.Your task is cleaning the windows.你的你的任务就是擦窗户。任务就是擦窗户。(Cleaning the windows is your task.)What I hate most is being laughed at.我我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。(Being laughed at is what I hate most.)作表语作表语 动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主引

17、导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。语可互换位置。）动名词的逻辑主语及复合结构）动名词的逻辑主语及复合结构Would you mind _（我开窗户吗）？（我开窗户吗）？Would you mind my/me opening the window?my/me 称为动名词的逻辑主语称为动名词的逻辑主语I cant understand Jack/Jacks leaving his wife.I cant understand his/him leaving his wife.Jacks/His le

18、aving his wife is unbelievable.动名词的逻辑主语动名词动名词的复合结构动名词的逻辑主语动名词动名词的复合结构动名词的几个注意事项动名词的几个注意事项逻辑主语逻辑主语 通常是由通常是由物主代词，人称代词宾物主代词，人称代词宾格，名词所有格，名词格，名词所有格，名词 构成。在构成。在句子开头句子开头时，时，必须使用物主代词或名词所有格。必须使用物主代词或名词所有格。His coming made us very happy.（四）动名词作定语（四）动名词作定语 动名词作定语放在所修饰的名词之前动名词作定语放在所修饰的名词之前，与，与所修饰的名词间没有逻辑上的主谓关系，

19、所修饰的名词间没有逻辑上的主谓关系，表示表示所修饰的名词的所修饰的名词的功能、作用功能、作用。1.These passages may be used as listening materials.2.Mr.Wang suffers from insomnia(失眠失眠),he has to take a sleeping tablets（药片）（药片）before going to bed.3.He is too old and has to walk with the help of a walking stick（棍棒）（棍棒）.nsmn tblt 动名词做同位语His habit,li

20、stening to the news on the radio,remains unchanged.他收听收音机新闻节目的习惯仍没有改变。四、动名词的被动语态四、动名词的被动语态（一）一般式（一）一般式 （being done)（二）完成式（二）完成式（having been done)（一）一般式（一）一般式（being done)当一个动名词逻辑上的主语所表示的是该动作的对象（即动名词所表示的动作与逻辑主语有动宾关系）时，动名词一般要用被动式。1.He came in without being asked.2.I dont mind being left home all by mys

21、elf.3.He disliked being interrupted in his experiment.4.Tom avoided being punished because of his fathers absence.5.Before being used,the computer should be tested.注意注意在在want,need,deserve,require 等动词及形等动词及形容词容词worth后，总是用动名词的后，总是用动名词的主动形式表示被主动形式表示被动意义动意义，相当于，相当于“to be+过去分词过去分词”。1.My watch needs repai

22、ring(=to be repaired).2.The house wants cleaning.3.The way deserves mentioning.这个方法值得一提。这个方法值得一提。4.These young trees will require looking after carefully.5.The Selected Poems is well worth reading.1.The news that our team had been defeated was disappointed.2.Lucy dosent mind to lend you her MP3.3.Af

23、ter take his measure,they decided to give him the position.5.I still remember taken to Shanghai when I was a child.disappointingdisappointinglendinglendingtakingtakingbeingbeingCorrect the mistakes in each sentence.Correct the mistakes in each sentence.6.I am not used to be spoken to like that.7.We

24、would appreciate to hear from you soon.8.People sometimes cant help to buysomething they wont need.9.I can hardly imagine Peter sails across the river.10.Tony was very unhappy for having not been invited to the party.beingbeinghearinghearingbuyingbuyingsailingsailingnotnot havinghaving选择题：选择题：1.My w

25、atch needs _,but I have no time to go to town to have it _.A.to repair;repaired B.to be repaided;repairingC.repairing;repaired D.being repaired;repaired2.You should apologize to your sister for _ her the truth.A.tellingB.not telling C.telling not D.not tellB.3.-The light in the office is still on.C.

26、-Oh,I forgot _ it off.D.A.turning B.turnC.to turn D.having turned4.Hearing the bad news,the mother couldnt help _.A.to cryB.cryingC.cryD.cries5.Our teacher told us to spend some time _ English every day.A.to practise speaking B.practising speakingB.C.to practise to speak D.practising to speak6.It is no use _ without doing.A.to promiseB.promisingB.C.promiseD.to be promisedHomeworkFinish all the exercises in Word Study and Grammar in the textbook and the workbook.