初中英语语法—连词.ppt

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1、稻田一中稻田一中稻田一中稻田一中 李培军李培军李培军李培军连词连词是一种虚词，它不能独立担任是一种虚词，它不能独立担任句子成分，主要作用是连接句子成分，主要作用是连接单词与单词与单词、短语与短语、句子与句子单词、短语与短语、句子与句子。连词可分为两类：连词可分为两类：并列连词和从属并列连词和从属连词。连词。一、一、并列连词并列连词1.Mary likes music_Tom is found of sports.A.and B.but C.both A and B2.I failed again,_ I wont give up.A.and B.but C.so3.This is my fir

2、st lesson,_ I dont know your names.A.and B.but C.soand :表对等表对等 “和、并且和、并且”but:表转折表转折 “但是但是”so:表因果表因果 “所以所以”and,or,but,so 基本用法基本用法1.Which do you like better,apples,_ pears?A.and B.but C.or2.Now we have no time _ money.A.so B.and C.oror:1.用于用于疑问疑问句句,表表选择选择 2.用于用于否定否定句句,表表并列并列（肯定句用（肯定句用andand）3.Christin

3、e,Aileen _(和和)I are good friends.Study hard,_(否则否则)youll fall behind.4.Are you coming by bus _(或者或者)on foot?andandorororor1.Try your best _ youll make more progress.A.and B.but C.or2.Dont lose heart,_ youll lose all.A.and B.so C.orand and 和和 or or 都可以在祈使句中使用都可以在祈使句中使用.and 通常是比较好的结果通常是比较好的结果;or 则表示不愉

4、快或不理想的结果则表示不愉快或不理想的结果.and,or,but,so 基本用法基本用法1.Its getting warmer _ warmer.A.and B.but C.or2.He or the twins _ the USA.A.comes from B.come from C.is from4.Not Tom but I _ going to give the talk.A.am B.is C.areadj.比比+and+adj.比比 表示越来越表示越来越A or B 和和 not A but B 结构作主语结构作主语时，谓语动词要使用时，谓语动词要使用就近原则就近原则。and,o

5、r,but,so 特殊用法特殊用法1.Although I have passed the exam,_ I am not pleased with the result.A.and B.but C./and,or,but,so 特殊用法特殊用法although although 和和和和 but but 不能同时出现。不能同时出现。不能同时出现。不能同时出现。“so+“so+情态动词情态动词情态动词情态动词/助动词助动词助动词助动词/be/be动词动词动词动词+主语主语主语主语”句型为倒装结构，意思为句型为倒装结构，意思为句型为倒装结构，意思为句型为倒装结构，意思为“也是如此也是如此也是如此

6、也是如此”，系动词、情态动词或助动词必须与上句中的谓语系动词、情态动词或助动词必须与上句中的谓语系动词、情态动词或助动词必须与上句中的谓语系动词、情态动词或助动词必须与上句中的谓语动词保持时态的一致。动词保持时态的一致。动词保持时态的一致。动词保持时态的一致。例：例：例：例：-I like reading novels when I am free.-I like reading novels when I am free.有空闲时我喜欢读小说。有空闲时我喜欢读小说。有空闲时我喜欢读小说。有空闲时我喜欢读小说。-So do ISo do I.我也是。我也是。我也是。我也是。“so+“so+主语

7、主语主语主语+情态动词情态动词情态动词情态动词/助动词助动词助动词助动词/be/be动词动词动词动词”表示对上文所说的情况加以表示对上文所说的情况加以表示对上文所说的情况加以表示对上文所说的情况加以肯定。意思为肯定。意思为肯定。意思为肯定。意思为“确实如此确实如此确实如此确实如此”。-He works hard.-He works hard.他工作努力。他工作努力。他工作努力。他工作努力。-So So he doeshe does,and,and so does his brotherso does his brother.他确实是这样，他兄弟也是如此。他确实是这样，他兄弟也是如此。他确实是这

8、样，他兄弟也是如此。他确实是这样，他兄弟也是如此。2.So的特殊用法的特殊用法1.Both Peter and I _ going to Guangzhou.A.are B.is C.am2.Either apples or rice _ Ok.I am hungry.A.are B.is C./3.Neither I nor my parents _ to tell you the truth.A.wants B.want C.is going to4.Not only I but also Jane _ sure that well win.A.is B.are C.ambothandei

9、therorneithernornot onlybut also以上结构做主语，除以上结构做主语，除bothand bothand 谓语要用复数外，其谓语要用复数外，其余都使用余都使用就近原则就近原则。1、这里的天气既不太冷也不太热。、这里的天气既不太冷也不太热。The weather here is _too hot _too cold.2、她不但美丽而且聪明。、她不但美丽而且聪明。She is _pretty _ clever.3、不是你对就是我对。、不是你对就是我对。_ you _ I _ correct(形容词：正确的形容词：正确的).neithernornot onlybut als

10、oEitheroram用适当的连词填空用适当的连词填空连连 词词 练练 习习连接连接条件条件状语从句：状语从句：1、Youll be late _(如果如果)you dont get up early tomorrow.2、Ill come to see you _(如果如果)Im free next Saturday.3、Well have a picnic tomorrow _(如果如果)it doesnt rain tomorrow.*注意状语从句的时态：注意状语从句的时态：“主将从现主将从现”。ififif连连 词词 练练 习习连接连接时间时间状语从句状语从句1.I was clean

11、ing the floor I was cleaning the floor _(当当当当的时候的时候的时候的时候)she knocked she knocked at the door.at the door.2.Dick climbed up into a tree Dick climbed up into a tree _(一一一一就就就就)he saw the bear.he saw the bear.3.I knew nothing about it I knew nothing about it _(直到直到直到直到才才才才)my friend my friend told me

12、yesterday.told me yesterday.4.I havent heard from Bill I havent heard from Bill _ _(自从自从自从自从)we graduated we graduated from middle school.from middle school.whenwhenas soon asas soon asuntiluntilsincesince连接连接原因、结果原因、结果状语从句状语从句1.You should return the digital camera to Sally _ she will not be angry.2

13、.A.so that B.because C.before 3.2.He was hurt _ badly _ he had to see a doctor.4.A.tooto B.so that C.so that 5.3.He took off his coat _ it was too hot in the room.A.And B.since C.but 4.Solo missed the bus _ he was late for school.A.because B.so C.or连接连接让步让步状语从句状语从句1.Tom is still doing his homework _

14、 it is very late.A.so that B.even though C.if 2.2.I never seem to put on any weight,_ hard I try.3.A.though B.no matter how 4.3.I enjoy learning English,_ it takes me a lot of time.A.unless B.although C.because 5.4.I will never give up learning English _6.(即使即使)it is difficult.even though1)如果原因构成句子的

15、最主要部分，一般用如果原因构成句子的最主要部分，一般用because。因此，。因此，because引导的从句往往放在句末。例如：引导的从句往往放在句末。例如：I stayed at home because it rained.-Why arent you going?-Because I dont want to.2)如果原因已被人们所知，或不如句子的其它部分重要，就用如果原因已被人们所知，或不如句子的其它部分重要，就用as或或since。since比比as稍微正式一点。稍微正式一点。as和和since 引导的从句引导的从句一般放在一般放在句子的开头句子的开头。例如：。例如：As he wa

16、snt ready,we left without him.Since I have no money,I cant buy any food.3)for用用来补来补充说明一种理由，因此，充说明一种理由，因此，for引导的从句几乎可以引导的从句几乎可以放在括号里。放在括号里。for引导的句子不放在句子的开头。例如：引导的句子不放在句子的开头。例如：I decided to stop and have lunch，for I was feeling quite hungry.as,because,since,for连连 词词 用用 法法 比比 较较三者均可译为三者均可译为三者均可译为三者均可译为

17、“在在在在时候时候时候时候”。whenwhen引导的从句，动词既可引导的从句，动词既可引导的从句，动词既可引导的从句，动词既可以是以是以是以是延续性延续性延续性延续性的，也可以是的，也可以是的，也可以是的，也可以是终止性终止性终止性终止性的。一般来说，当主句的动的。一般来说，当主句的动的。一般来说，当主句的动的。一般来说，当主句的动作正在进行时，作正在进行时，作正在进行时，作正在进行时，whenwhen引导的从句的动作才发生；引导的从句的动作才发生；引导的从句的动作才发生；引导的从句的动作才发生；whilewhile引导引导引导引导的从句中，动词只能是的从句中，动词只能是的从句中，动词只能是的

18、从句中，动词只能是延续性延续性延续性延续性的，一般来说，当的，一般来说，当的，一般来说，当的，一般来说，当whilewhile引导的引导的引导的引导的从句的动作正在进行时，主句的动作才发生；从句的动作正在进行时，主句的动作才发生；从句的动作正在进行时，主句的动作才发生；从句的动作正在进行时，主句的动作才发生；若主从句动作同时发生，且强调若主从句动作同时发生，且强调若主从句动作同时发生，且强调若主从句动作同时发生，且强调“一边一边一边一边一边一边一边一边”这样的意思，这样的意思，这样的意思，这样的意思，一般用一般用一般用一般用 as as。When I came into the room,I

19、found him lying there When I came into the room,I found him lying there asleep.asleep.She sang as she walked.She sang as she walked.她一边走一边唱歌。她一边走一边唱歌。她一边走一边唱歌。她一边走一边唱歌。注意：注意：注意：注意：while while 可以表示对比关系可以表示对比关系可以表示对比关系可以表示对比关系“然而然而然而然而”。He is short while his brother is tall.He is short while his broth

20、er is tall.when，while，as连连 词词 用用 法法 比比 较较if if和和和和whetherwhether都可作都可作都可作都可作“是否是否是否是否”讲，在引导宾语从句是一讲，在引导宾语从句是一讲，在引导宾语从句是一讲，在引导宾语从句是一般可互换。例如：般可互换。例如：般可互换。例如：般可互换。例如：I wonder whether(if)you still study in that I wonder whether(if)you still study in that school.school.在下列情况下，只能用在下列情况下，只能用在下列情况下，只能用在下列情况下

21、，只能用whether,whether,不能用不能用不能用不能用if if：.在不定式前。在不定式前。在不定式前。在不定式前。例如：例如：例如：例如：I havent made up my mind whether to go I havent made up my mind whether to go there or not.there or not.用用用用oror并列两项以上时。并列两项以上时。并列两项以上时。并列两项以上时。例如：例如：例如：例如：I dont now I dont now whetherwhether he comes he comes or not.or not.

22、从句作介词宾语时只用从句作介词宾语时只用从句作介词宾语时只用从句作介词宾语时只用whetherwhether不用不用不用不用if if。It depends on whether it will be fine.It depends on whether it will be fine.那得看是不那得看是不那得看是不那得看是不是晴天。是晴天。是晴天。是晴天。.作作作作discussdiscuss等动词的宾语时，用等动词的宾语时，用等动词的宾语时，用等动词的宾语时，用whetherwhether不用不用不用不用if if。We discussed whether we should close

23、the We discussed whether we should close the shop.shop.我们讨论是不是该关掉商店我们讨论是不是该关掉商店我们讨论是不是该关掉商店我们讨论是不是该关掉商店if,whether连连 词词 用用 法法 比比 较较1)sothat中的中的so是个副词，其后只能跟形容词或副是个副词，其后只能跟形容词或副词，而词，而such.that中的中的such是个形容词是个形容词，后接名词，后接名词或名词短语。例如：或名词短语。例如：Im so tired that I cant walk any farther.It was such a warm day t

24、hat he went swimming.2)如果在如果在名词之前名词之前有有many,much,little,few时，时，用用so,不用不用such。例如：。例如：He has so little education that he is unable to get a job.sothat,such.that连连 词词 用用 法法 比比 较较1.Ill tell your father the truth as soon as he _ here.A.arrives B.arrived C.arrives at2.We dont know if he _ us for the picni

25、c.Ill call you if he _.A.joins;comes B.will join;comes C.will join;will come3.Nobody knows when the windows _.But Ill tell you when I _ the answer.A.broke;find out B.broken;will find out C.were broken;find out连连 词词 用用 法法 练练 习习4.You wont understand until you _ him.A.meet B.meeting C.will meet5.You wi

26、ll fail in English _ you work hard.A.because B.unless C.if6.Just because we are young,_ we should work even harder.A.so B./C.but7.It has been seven years since he _ here.A.left B.leaves C.leave连连 词词 用用 法法 练练 习习8.The little boy _ when I came in.A.falls down B.fell down C.was fell down9.We were readin

27、g when the teacher _ in.A.came B.comes C.is coming 10.He became a doctor when he _the university.A.graduated from B.graduate from C.graduated for 11.Tom works in a hospital _ Mary works in a company.A.because B.until C.while12.While his mother was washing,he _ his homework.A.do B.did C.was doing 13.

28、The little boy fell alseep while he _ the music.A.was listen B.was listening to C.listened to 表示对比，表示对比，“然而，而然而，而”while表示表示“当当的时候的时候”。两个两个动词同时发生。必须使用动词同时发生。必须使用延续性延续性动动词。词。14.Hurry up,_ you will miss the train.A.and B.so C.however D.or15.The mountain was _ steep(陡峭的）陡峭的）_ few people in our city reac

29、hed the top.A.soas B.sothat C.asas D.tooto 连连 词词 用用 法法 练练 习习用适当的连词填空用适当的连词填空 1._they are brothers,they dont look like each other at all.2.The dress was very expensive,_ I didnt buy it.3.-Do you know _ I could pass the exam?-Sorry,Ive no idea.4.Mr.Brown knows little Japanese,_ he cant understand the

30、instructions on the bottle of the pills.Although/Though so soIf/whetherIf/whether so so连连 词词 用用 法法 练练 习习5.The war was over about a year ago,_ the 5.The war was over about a year ago,_ the American soldiers in Iraq are still having a lot of American soldiers in Iraq are still having a lot of trouble

31、to deal with.trouble to deal with.6.-Is David at school today?6.-Is David at school today?-No.He is at home _ he has a bad cold.-No.He is at home _ he has a bad cold.7._ Lily _ Lucy may go with you because 7._ Lily _ Lucy may go with you because one of them must stay at home.one of them must stay at home.but but because becauseEither orEither or连连 词词 用用 法法 练练 习习8.Study hard,_ you are sure to have a good result in the exam.9.Please have a wash _ you go to bed.10.The twins have learned a lot _ they came to China.and before since连连 词词 用用 法法 练练 习习