初三英语总复习-句子的种类.ppt

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1、10句子的种类句子的种类（Classification）1陈述句分肯定句和否定句两种。陈述一件肯陈述句分肯定句和否定句两种。陈述一件肯定的事实，我们用肯定句；陈述一件否定的定的事实，我们用肯定句；陈述一件否定的事实，我们就用否定句。事实，我们就用否定句。1.陈述句（肯定式、否定式）陈述句（肯定式、否定式）（Declarative Sentence）否定句否定句的构成的构成 改为否定句改为否定句:1)Lily and liz are twins.2)Theres some Coke in the bottle,but there orange juice.3)I have(有有)a hambur

2、ger,but l sandwiches.Lily and liz are not/arent twins.is not any/nohave not any/no1.be动词后动词后直接加直接加not构成否定。构成否定。当当have/has表示表示“有有”时时,其后其后直接加直接加not构成否构成否定。定。1)I go to work by bike every day.(.(改为否定句改为否定句)2)Mr Li teaches us maths.(改为否定句改为否定句)3)They had an English lesson this morning.(改为否定句改为否定句)I do no

3、t(dont)go to work by bike every day.Mr Li does not(doesnt)teach us maths.They did not(didnt)have an English lesson this morning.（此处（此处havehave不作不作“有有”解而表示动作解而表示动作)2.2.由实义动词构成谓语的句子，必须用助动词由实义动词构成谓语的句子，必须用助动词 do/does/did+动词原形动词原形构成否定句。构成否定句。1)He will feel tired after hard work.(否否)He feel tired after h

4、ard work.2)We should obey the traffic rules.(否否)We play in the street.(must)3)They had seen the film before.(否否)They seen the film before.will not(wont)had not(hadnt)mustnt3.若句子本身含有若句子本身含有构成时态的助动词，情态动词构成时态的助动词，情态动词的否定形式是的否定形式是在助动词在助动词/情态动词后情态动词后not,再加再加相应的动词。相应的动词。当当have/has/had表示表示“有有”时时,其后直接加其后直接加

5、not构成否定。构成否定。当当have不表示不表示“有有”而表示动作时，应使用而表示动作时，应使用dont/doesnt/didnt+have,不能用不能用has/have/had not.在现在在现在/过去完成时态的否定句中，过去完成时态的否定句中，have/has/had是助动是助动词词,其否定形式直接用其否定形式直接用havent/hasnt/hadnt表示。表示。They have already finished their work.They havent finished their work yet.About have/has/had1.My father was a tea

6、cher in his forties.2.Toms parents will leave for Beijing tomorrow.3.Jane can sing lots of songs.4.Betty used to go to work on foot.5.They were watching TV at that time.6.I like having a barbecue in hot weather.7.There are some fish in the river.8.My grandma lives in Sichuan.Have a try!Change the fo

7、llowing sentences into negative:9.Jack has 100 coins in the box.10.The children had a good time in the park.11.Shes made an apology to her mum.12.He does his homework very carefully.13.Ben read the letter again and again.More practice:More practice:He doesnt do his homework very carefully.The childr

8、en didnt have a good time in the park.She hasnt made an apology to her mum.Ben didnt read the letter again and again.Jack doesnt have 100 coins in the box.32.疑问句及其回答疑问句及其回答（Interrogative Sentence and Answer）提出询问的句子被称为疑问句。疑问提出询问的句子被称为疑问句。疑问句主要分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、句主要分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句。选择疑问句、反意疑问句。3一般

9、疑问句一般疑问句,也称为也称为Yes/No问句，回答必须先用问句，回答必须先用Yes/No对它进行肯定或否定回答。对它进行肯定或否定回答。这类问句一定是由助动词开头的，所以在这类问句一定是由助动词开头的，所以在Yes/No的后面，通常用哪个助动词问的，就用哪个的后面，通常用哪个助动词问的，就用哪个助动词回答。助动词回答。一般疑问句一般疑问句 a.Kathy was late for school this morning.Was Kathy late for school this morning?Yes,she was./No,she wasnt.b.Have you been to Can

10、ada?Yes,I have./No,I havent.c.May I leave a little earlier today?Yes,you may/can.No,you may not.(无无缩写写)/mustnt/cant.一般疑问句的构成一般疑问句的构成 若若句句中中本本身身含含有有be动动词词、构构成成时时态态的的助助动动词词或或情情态态动动词词，变变一一般般疑疑问问句句时时，将将其其提提至至句句首首（主主语语之之前前），主主语语相相应变化。应变化。在现在完成时中，在现在完成时中，have/has是助动词。是助动词。Be/Will/Have/Has/情态动词情态动词+主语主语+其他

11、成分其他成分?由由实实义义动动词词构构成成谓谓语语的的句句子子，须须用用助助动动词词Do/Does/Did构成一般疑问句。构成一般疑问句。（此时动词一定要还原原形）（此时动词一定要还原原形）Does your father go to Pudong by ferry?Yes,he does./No,he doesnt.助动词助动词+主语主语+动词原形动词原形+其他成分其他成分？一般疑问句的构成一般疑问句的构成注意一般疑问句中如果有两个注意一般疑问句中如果有两个do，其功能不，其功能不 同，句首的同，句首的Do是助动词，是无意义的，句中是助动词，是无意义的，句中 的的do是原句中的实义动词。是原

12、句中的实义动词。e.g.We do eye exercises every day.Do you do eye exercises every day?英语中有些动词过去式和原形相同英语中有些动词过去式和原形相同,请注意判断他们的时态。请注意判断他们的时态。cost,set,cut,put,let,read e.g.The T-shirt cost five dollars.Did the T-shirt cost five dollars?The T-shirt costs five dollars.Does the T-shirt cost five dollars?Change the

13、following sentences according to the model:Model:Kitty and Ben live in Garden City.(yes)Do Kitty and Ben live in Garden City?Yes,they do.1.They have got three uncles.(yes)2.I like my job.(yes)3.Our city will be more beautiful in 5 years time.(yes)4.It takes about 15 minutes to get to the sea.(no)5.Y

14、ou may put the meat in the fridge.(no)6.There were some vegetables in the basket.(yes)7.They had chicken wings for lunch today.(no)8.Id like to be a businessman in the future.(yes)Have a try!3特殊疑问句是对具体信息进行询问的句子。特殊疑问句是对具体信息进行询问的句子。常见的特殊疑问词：常见的特殊疑问词：what,who,whom,whose,which,when,where,why,how,how old

15、,how many,how much,how long,how often，how soon,how far,how fast等。等。特殊疑问句的回答要把握以下原则：特殊疑问句的回答要把握以下原则：问什么，答什么；问什么，答什么；问句用什么时态，答句就用什么时态。问句用什么时态，答句就用什么时态。特殊疑问句特殊疑问句 1.疑疑问词+一般疑一般疑问句句语序序 （用于（用于对除主除主语外的其它成分提外的其它成分提问）特殊疑问句的结构：特殊疑问句的结构：A:What time is it by your watch?B:Seven fifty-eight.A:How do you travel to

16、 school?B:By bus,then on foot.A:How often do you do a revision?B:Once a week.A:Who teaches you chemistry this term?B:Mr Li does.Whose apple tasted good?Which shirt is hers?2.疑问词疑问词+陈述句语序陈述句语序 （用于对主语或主语的定语提问）（用于对主语或主语的定语提问）特殊疑问句的结构：特殊疑问句的结构：what whowhomwhosewhichwhenwhat timewherewhy对对 物体物体 进行提问进行提问对

17、对 人人(主语主语)进行提问进行提问对对 人人(宾语宾语)进行提问进行提问对对 “谁的谁的”进行提问进行提问 （可做主语，也可做定语修饰名词）（可做主语，也可做定语修饰名词）对对 “哪个哪个(些些)”进行提问进行提问 （可做主语，也可做定语修饰名词）（可做主语，也可做定语修饰名词）对对 时间时间 进行提问进行提问对对 具体时刻具体时刻 进行提问进行提问对对 地点地点 进行提问进行提问对对 原因原因 进行提问进行提问 （回答要用（回答要用because）你可你可别嫌我嫌我烦哦哦howhow old how manyhow muchhow longhow fast how oftenhow far

18、how soon 对对 方式方式 进行提问进行提问对对 年龄年龄 进行提问进行提问对对 数量数量(可数名词可数名词)进行提问进行提问对对 数量数量(不可数名词不可数名词/价格价格)进行提问进行提问对对 一段时间一段时间(延续性延续性)进行提问进行提问对对 速度速度 进行提问进行提问对对 周期周期/频率副词频率副词 进行提问进行提问对对 距离距离 进行提问进行提问对对 一段时间以后一段时间以后 进行提问进行提问 我只用于我只用于一般将来时一般将来时1._ is it by your watch?2.Its 9:30.2._ do you usually travel to school?3.By

19、 bus.3._ does Tom do a revision?4.Once a week.4._ will she be back from England?5.In two weeks.Choose the words to complete each sentence.Choose the words to complete each sentence.Choose the words to complete each sentence.Choose the words to complete each sentence.how long how how far how fast who

20、se what time how often how soonWhat timeHowHow oftenHow soonHave a try!5._ did they usually drive in the city?6.Sorry,I dont know.6._ have you learned English?7.For nearly five years.7._ apple tasted good?8.Kittys.8._ is his school from yours?9.Five minutes walk.how long how how far how fast whose w

21、hat time how often how soonHow fastHow longWhoseHow far1.I have lived in Shanghai since 1991.2.Life was hard at that time.3.Ben came along the road,singing happily.4.Our dog Lucky is four years old.5.Sue prefers the skirt with the blue spots.6.Its about 2,100 kilometres from Tokyo to Beijing.7.Mary

22、entered the contest because she wanted to win.8.The Greeks succeeded in capturing the city of Troy by a trick.9.We have one TV set for the whole family.10.The model plane cost$100.Do some exercises:Do some exercises:（划（划线提提问）3选择疑问句既可以用选择疑问句既可以用wh-疑问词开头，又可以疑问词开头，又可以用助动词开头，但一定要用用助动词开头，但一定要用or连接两个或两个以连

23、接两个或两个以上的并列选项。朗读时上的并列选项。朗读时or前用升调，前用升调，or后用降调后用降调选择疑问句的回答，既不能用选择疑问句的回答，既不能用Yes也不能用也不能用No,选哪项就答哪项，全选就表示全部肯定，一个都选哪项就答哪项，全选就表示全部肯定，一个都不选，就用全部否定表示。不选，就用全部否定表示。选择疑问句选择疑问句 A:ls Miss Li or Miss Wang going to teach us English next term?B:Miss Wang.A:Are you American or Canadian?B:Im Canadian.A:Did you go ca

24、mping or sightseeing yesterday?B:Sightseeing.A:Which do you prefer,science fiction or detective stories?B:Both/Neither.3反意疑问句由两部分组成，前半句为反意疑问句由两部分组成，前半句为陈述句，后半句是一个附加的简短问陈述句，后半句是一个附加的简短问句，回答时用句，回答时用Yes或或No.反意疑问句反意疑问句前前半句是半句是肯肯定句，定句，后后半句用半句用否否定形式定形式加代词加代词构成。构成。A:Thailand is in the south of Asia,isnt it

25、?B:Yes,it is.前前半句是半句是否否定句，定句，后后半句用半句用肯肯定形式定形式加代词加代词构成。构成。A:Factories mustnt let out dirty water into rivers,must they?B:No,they mustnt不可用名词，人名，称谓等不可用名词，人名，称谓等对对反反意意疑疑问问句句回回答答时时，不不要要去去看看否否定定在在前前还还在在后后，只只看看问问句句与与事事实实是是否否相相符符，相相符符的的用用Yes,后后面面用用肯肯定形式；不相符的用定形式；不相符的用No，后面用否定形式。，后面用否定形式。陈述句中若含有否定意义的词：陈述句中若

26、含有否定意义的词：no,no one,nobody,never,nothing,neither,none,little,few,hardly等，疑问句部分则用肯定形式表示。等，疑问句部分则用肯定形式表示。A:It hardly snows in South China,does it?B:No,it doesnt.1.Lets have a picnic,_?2.Let us have a barbecue,_?3.Please open the window,_?4.Please dont close the window,_?祈使句的反意疑问句，仅祈使句的反意疑问句，仅Lets句型用句型用

27、shall we,其他都用其他都用will you.Have a try!shall wewill youwill youwill you33.祈使句祈使句（Imperative Sentence）表示命令、请求、建议、劝告的句子被称为祈表示命令、请求、建议、劝告的句子被称为祈 使句。使句。所有的祈使句都省略主语即第二人称所有的祈使句都省略主语即第二人称you。祈使句以动词原形开头，形容词之前用动词祈使句以动词原形开头，形容词之前用动词be。祈使句的否定式用祈使句的否定式用“dont+动词原形动词原形”1.Be careful.2.Mind the door,children.3.Dont t

28、hrow paper on the ground,please.4.Lets meet at the entrance.34.感叹句感叹句（Exclamatory Sentence）感叹句通常由感叹句通常由 What,How引导，引导，表示赞美、惊叹、喜悦等感情。表示赞美、惊叹、喜悦等感情。感叹句的结构感叹句的结构How +adj./adv.What a/an+adj.+(c)n.What+adj.+(c)n.(pl.)What+adj.+(u)n.+主语主语+谓语！谓语！确确定定用用What还还是是How的的关关键键是是确确定定感感叹叹部部分分的的中中心心词词。感感叹叹句句的的中中心心词词在

29、在主主语语的的前前面面，也就是紧挨着主语的那个词。也就是紧挨着主语的那个词。1.感叹部分的中心词是形容词或副词时，用感叹部分的中心词是形容词或副词时，用How开头。开头。a.How beautiful(adj.)the vase is!b.How hard(adv.)he works!2.感叹部分的中心词是可数名词单数形式的，用感叹部分的中心词是可数名词单数形式的，用What a(an)开头。开头。What an intelligent girl(she is)!3.感叹部分的中心词是不可数名词或是可数名词复数感叹部分的中心词是不可数名词或是可数名词复数 形式，用形式，用What开头。开头。a

30、.What important advice youve given me!b.What fine weather it is!c.What interesting stories they are!What a happy girl!How happy the girl is!How happily the girl is dancing!Have a try!She is a very good girl.We read a good piece of news.There are many beautiful flowers.What a good girl she is!What go

31、od news(it is)!What beautiful flowers(they are)!Using What!She is a very good girl.We read a good piece of news.There are many beautiful flowers.How good the girl is!How good the news is!How beautiful the flowers are!Using How!E EX XE ER RC CI IS SE ES S Choose the best answer:1.I like swimming very

32、 much,but now I _ swim2.as _as I used to.A.dont,often B.not,often C.dont oftener D.not,oftener2.Its dark outside.Youd better _ go out.A.not B.not to C.to not D.dont3.-_ have the scientists been there?-For about two years.A.How many times B.How C.What time D.How long4.-_ did the first man walk on the

33、 moon?-In 1969.A.What B.Where C.When D.Why5.-_ does Peter weigh now?-44 kilos.A.How heavy B.How much C.How D.What6.-_ is it from our school to the museum?-About 20 minutes walk.A.How long B.How fast C.How far D.How soon7.There is map on the wall,_？A.is there B.isnt there C.is it D.isnt it 8.Our clas

34、s teacher,Miss Liu,can hardly believe the story,_?A.can she B.cant she C.isnt she D.does she9._ Chinese in your English class.A.Dont speaking B.Dont speak C.Speak out D.Not speak10.Let us go fishing this Saturday,_?A.wont you B.do you C.will you D.dont you11._ important piece of news shes told me!A.

35、What B.How C.What a D.What an12._ you are to have a chance to go abroad!A.What luckily B.What lucky C.How luckily D.How lucky Rewrite the following sentences as required:1.Kitty has a piano lesson every weekend.(改为否定句改为否定句)Kitty _ _ a piano lesson every weekend.2.They have already cleaned their clas

36、sroom.(改为否定句改为否定句)They _ cleaned their classroom _.3.Thomas read the book carefully.(改为一般疑问句改为一般疑问句)_ Thomas _ the book carefully?4.Id like to have a cup of tea now.(改为一般疑问句改为一般疑问句)_ _ like to have a cup of tea now?doesnthavehaventyetDidreadWouldyou5.The boy goes to school by underground every day.(

37、对划线部分提问对划线部分提问)_ _ the boy go to school every day?6.The yellow bag is Toms.(对划线部分提问对划线部分提问)_ _ is Toms?7.We have a class meeting once a week.(对划线部分提问对划线部分提问)_ _ do you have a class meeting?8.It took me two hours to finish my homework yesterday.(对划线部分提问对划线部分提问)_ _ did it take you to finish your homew

38、ork yesterday?HowdoesWhichbagHowoftenHowlong9.Lets go home.（改反意疑问句）（改反意疑问句）Lets go home,_ _?10.He never plays football in the street.(改为反意疑问句改为反意疑问句)He never plays football in the street,_ _?11.Kathy is honest.(改为感叹句改为感叹句)_ _ honest girl Kathy is!12.What a good swimmer Alice is!(保持句意基本不变保持句意基本不变)_ _ Ailce swims!shallwedoesheWhatanHowwell