2021高考英语大一轮复习语法专题10并列连词和状语从句课件新人教版.pptx

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1、语法专题十并列连词和状语从句语法专题十并列连词和状语从句考点二-2-高考感悟考点归纳1.(2019天津,单项填空)Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents opinion he wants their support.unless句意:汤姆如此的独立以至于他从不询问父母的意见,除非他需要他们的帮助。unless“除非;如果不”。2.(2019江苏,单项填空)The doctor shares his phone number with the patients case they need medical assistance.i

2、n句意:医生把他的手机号码告诉了病人们,以防他们需要医疗救助。in case“以防,以备”。3.(2018北京,单项填空)we dont stop climate change,many animals and plants in the world will be gone.If句意:如果我们不阻止气候变化,世界上许多动植物都会消失。根据句意可知此处应用if引导条件状语从句。考点二-3-高考感悟考点归纳4.(2016全国,语篇填空)So,get an early start and try to be as productive possible before lunch.asas.as p

3、ossible“尽可能”,为固定短语。第一个as是副词,第二个as是连词。5.(2016全国,语篇填空)In much of Asia,especially the so-called“rice bowl”cultures of China,Japan,Korea,Vietnam,food is usually eaten with chopsticks.and列举的几个国家是并列关系,故用并列连词and连接。6.(2016全国,语篇填空)Over time,the population grew,people began cutting food into small pieces so i

4、t would cook more quickly.as此处表示“随着人口的增长”,故用as引导时间状语从句。考点二-4-高考感悟考点归纳7.(2016四川,语篇填空)It was time for her to have a new baby,it was also time for the young panda to be independent.and“熊猫妈妈生新的宝宝”与“小熊猫也该学会独立了”之间为并列关系,and连接两个并列的简单句。考点二-5-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八九在句中连接单词、短语、从句或者句子的词为连词。根据句子的结构特点,连词通常分为并列连词和从属连词。1

5、.并列连词按照在句中的作用可分为:表并列关系的连词(and,as well as,both.and.,not only.but also.,neither.nor.等)、表转折关系的连词(but,yet,while等)、表选择关系的连词(or,either.or.等)、表因果关系的连词(for,so等)。Give me a chance,and Ill give you a wonderful surprise.给我一个机会,我会给你一个很大的惊喜。I was glad to meet Jenny again,but I didnt want to spend all day with her

6、.再次见到珍妮我很高兴,但是我不想整天和她在一起。考点二-6-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八九2.引导状语从句的从属连词主要有:that,if,as,when,while,till,until,since,after,before,because,though,although,so.that,where等。I dont really like the author,although I have to admit his books are very exciting.我实在不喜欢这位作者,尽管我不得不承认他写的书很激动人心。考点二-7-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八九1.when,wh

7、ile,as都可译为“当的时候”,但侧重点有所不同。当主句动作是瞬时的、从句动作是延续的,三者都可以用。as强调主、从句动作同时或几乎同时发生。while从句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词,不能是非延续性动词。She sang as we walked.I listened carefully while she was singing,and we felt happy when we got home.我们一边走她一边唱,她唱的时候我认真地听,到家的时候我们感觉很高兴。2.until 和not.untiluntil要与延续性动词连用;not.until 要与非延续性动词连用。He didnt

8、go to bed until his father came back.他直到父亲回来才上床睡觉。考点二-8-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八九3.since意为“自从以来”,其后面所用动词不同,该动词所表示动作持续时间的计算方法也不同。It is two years since he joined the army.(他参军两年了。)It is two years since he smoked.(他戒烟两年了。)4.特殊的时间状语从句的引导词the moment,the minute,the instant,the second;no sooner.than.;hardly.when.等

9、以及表示瞬间的directly,immediately等词,表示“一就”,相当于as soon as。no sooner.than.,hardly.when.结构中no sooner和hardly引导的句子通常用过去完成时,而than和when引导的句子通常要用一般过去时;此外,no sooner和hardly位于句首时,句子应用部分倒装语序。考点二-9-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八九Tell him the news the minute you meet Tom.你一见到汤姆就告诉他这个消息吧。Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.我刚

10、到家就开始下雨了。5.by the time 也可以引导时间状语从句,意为“到时为止”,主句一般用完成时。By the time he was fourteen,Einstein had learned advanced mathematics all by himself.(从句为一般过去时,主句要用过去完成时)到十四岁的时候,爱因斯坦已经自学完高等数学了。考点二-10-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八九6.几组固定形式(1)It will be+一段时间+before.多久之后才(2)It is+一段时间+since.自从以来已有多长时间了。(3)be about to do.when.;

11、be doing.when.;on the point of doing.when.正在/要做这时It will be two days before he returns.要过两天他才回来。It is three years since I came here.我来这里三年了。I was doing my homework when my cousin came.我正在做作业,这时候我表弟来了。I was about to go out/on the point of going out when the phone rang.我正要出去,这时电话响了。考点二-11-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四

12、五七六八九常用句型:so+形容词/副词+that从句so+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+that从句so+many/much/little/few+名词+that从句such+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+that从句such+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+that从句He is so young that he cannot go to school.他太小了以至于不能上学。It is such fine weather that we all want to go out for a walk.天气这么好,以至于我们都想出去散步。考点二-12-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八九1.

13、because为常用词,其语气最重,且说明的是直接原因,用来回答why引导的问句。2.as,since和now that语气较弱,常用来表示一些显而易见或对方知道的原因。since意为“既然,鉴于”时不可用as替换。Mark needs to learn Chinese since his company is opening a branch in Beijing.马克有必要学习汉语了,因为他的公司正在北京开设分支机构。As its raining,youd better take a taxi.下雨了,你最好坐出租车。Since everybody is here,lets begin.既

14、然大家都在,那我们就开始吧。考点二-13-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八九引导让步状语从句的连词有:though,although,while,even if/though,however,no matter how,no matter what,no matter who等。1.though,although引导让步状语从句时都不能和but连用,但可以同yet(still)连用。Although/Though all kites have a similar structure,they are widely different in size and shape.尽管所有的风筝都有相似的

15、结构,但是它们在尺寸和形状上有很大的不同。考点二-14-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八九2.while引导让步状语从句时意为“尽管,虽然”,多用于句首。While we are suffering such a severe natural disaster,we will eventually overcome the temporary difficulty as long as we dont lose heart.尽管遭受着如此严重的自然灾害,但只要不灰心,我们终会克服暂时的困难。考点二-15-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八九3.as/though引导让步从句时,从句要采用倒装语序

16、。Child as/though he was,he knew what was the right thing to do.他尽管是个孩子,但他知道怎样做是正确的。Young as/though he is,he is expert in this field.他虽然年轻,但在这个领域是专家。4.whether.or not意为“无论(是否)”。Whether you believe it or not,it is true.不管你信不信,这是真的。考点二-16-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八九5.however+形容词/副词=no matter how+形容词/副词.,意为“无论多么”。

17、One can always manage to do more things,no matter how full ones schedule is in life.一个人总是可以设法做更多的事情,不管在生活中时间表安排得有多满。考点二-17-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八九条件状语从句通常分为两大类:真实条件句和虚拟条件句。引导条件状语从句的连词有:if,unless/if.not,as long as/so long as,as far as/so far as,provided/providing(that),on condition that等。1.条件状语从句中如果主句是将来时,

18、条件状语从句用一般现在时;如果条件状语从句中出现过去时及其相应时态,则为虚拟条件句,那么主句要用相应的虚拟语气形式。If he had listened carefully,he would have done it better.如果他认真听讲的话,他会做得更好些。考点二-18-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八九2.unless 相当于if.not,在虚拟条件句中可用if.not,但不能用unless。She says that shell have to close the shop unless business improves.她说如果生意不见什么起色的话她就将店关了。If you

19、dont have a good sense of direction,please take a compass with you.如果你没有好的方向感,请随身带一个指南针。考点二-19-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八九地点状语从句多用where和wherever引导。Where he once felt like giving up,he now has the determination to push further and keep on going.在他曾经想要放弃的地方,他现在下定决心要推进一步,继续前行。考点二-20-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八九目的状语从句常用的连词(

20、短语)有so that(以便),in order that(以便),in case等。1.so that/in order that 引导的目的状语从句中常用情态动词can,could等。in order that 引导的目的状语从句可以放在主句之前或之后,而so that引导的目的状语从句只能放在主句之后。Take action today so that/in order that you wont miss your opportunity next time.今天就行动起来,这样下次机会来时你就不会错过了。考点二-21-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八九2.in case 所引导的状语

21、从句中,谓语可以用虚拟语气,形式为“should+动词原形”,也可以不用虚拟语气。You may leave the key at home in case one of us should think of/thinks of coming back.你可以把钥匙留在家里,以免我们中有人想起要回来。考点二-22-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八九方式状语从句常由as(按照),just as(正像),as if=as though(仿佛,好像;从句可用虚拟语气)等引导。The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.这位老太太对待这个

22、男孩就像是自己的儿子一样。比较状语从句主要由than或as引导。He earns less than his wife does.他挣的钱比他妻子少。I havent done as much as I should have liked.我做的没有我希望的那么好。-23-.单句填空1.It can take great efforts emotionally and physically,the financial challenges can sometimes seem beyond our ability.(2019福建师大附中模考)and句意:这在情感和身体上都需要很大的努力,而经济

23、上的挑战有时似乎超出了我们的能力。上下文是并列关系,所以填and。2.The famous scientist grew up he was born and in 1930 he came to Shanghai.(2019广东华南师大附中模考)where句意:这位著名的科学家在出生地长大,1930年来到上海。此处是地点状语从句,所以填where。-24-3.you can sleep well,you will lose the ability to focus,plan and stay motivated after one or two nights.(2019吉林通化模考)Unle

24、ss句意:除非你能睡得好,否则一两个晚上之后,你会失去专注、计划和保持动力的能力。unless“除非”引导条件状语从句。4.My grandfather still plays tennis now and then,even hes in his seventies.(2019广西玉林中学模拟)though/if句意:即使七十多岁了,我爷爷仍然可以时不时打网球。根据句意可知,上下文是让步关系,由于前面有even,所以填though或if。-25-5.She spoke so quietly we could not hear her at all from the second row.th

25、atso.that.意为“如此以至于”,引导结果状语从句,故此处应用that。6.Scott joined the army soon after his 18th birthday,just his brother did.as根据句意“斯科特在18岁生日后很快就参军了,正如他的哥哥那样”可知,此处为just as引导的方式状语从句,意为“正如”。7.She had hardly sat down the phone rang.when此处为hardly.when引导时间状语从句。句意:她刚坐下,电话铃就响了。-26-8.Have something to eat.you dont eat

26、now,youll be hungry later.If根据句意“如果你现在不吃,随后就会很饿”可知,此处为if引导的条件状语从句。9.Jane found the keys exactly Kate said they would be.where分析句子结构可知,空处引导地点状语从句,故用连接词where。10.Building a skyscraper in the 21st century is much easier it used to be.than根据空前的much easier可知,此处为than引导的比较状语从句。-27-11.There were such a lot o

27、f things to be discussed at the meeting we couldnt finish it on time.thatsuch.that.意为“如此以至于”,引导结果状语从句,故此处应用that。12.She bought the phone only her sister had one.because根据句意“她买了一部手机,只是因为她的姐姐有一部手机”可知,her sister had one做原因状语,故用because。13.No sooner had he arrived in Rome he was arrested.than此处为no sooner.

28、than引导的时间状语从句。句意:他刚到罗马就被逮捕了。-28-14.If you miss this chance,it may be years you get another one.before句意:如果你错过这次机会,可能再过数年你才会得到另一次机会。此处考查句型“it may be+时间段+before.”,表示“可能要过才”。15.He is a shy man,he is not afraid of anything or anyone.but句意:他是一个腼腆的人,但是他不害怕任何事情或任何人。前后两句在内容上构成转折关系,所以填but。16.Vicky came back

29、early last night.It was not yet nine oclock she arrived home.when句意:维姬昨晚回来得早。她到家时还没到九点。It is/was+具体时间+when引导的时间状语从句,表示“当的时候”。-29-17.Some animals carry seeds from one place to another,plants can spread to new places.so句意:一些动物把种子从一处带到另一处,这样植物就能传播到新的地方。根据句意可知,此处表示结果。故用so来连接并列句。18.You will never gain su

30、ccess you are fully devoted to your work.unless句意:如果你不能全身心地投入工作,你就永远不可能取得成功。unless在此处引导条件状语从句,意为“如果不,除非”。19.Half an hour later,Lucy still couldnt get a taxi the bus had dropped her.where句意:半小时过去了,露西在下公交车的地方仍然没有打到出租车。where在此处引导地点状语从句,表示谓语动作发生的地点。-30-.单句改错1.Please come to take part in the activity,or

31、seize this precious opportunity!(2019湖北四地七校联考)orand根据句意可知,上下文是并列关系,不是选择关系,所以把or改为and。2.He says that snakes are easy to deal with if they dont have any legs.(2019辽宁葫芦岛市协作校联考)ifas/because/since根据句意可知,上下文是因果关系,所以把if改为as/because/since。3.A boy,being poor,couldnt afford even a candle,but he bored a hole i

32、n the wall to“steal”light from his neighbours house to read at night.(2019湖南衡阳八中模拟)butso上下文是顺接关系,不是转折关系,所以把but改为so。-31-4.Then I went back to the dorm after he could say anything.(2019贵州贵阳模拟)afterbefore句意:他还没来得及说话,我就回了宿舍。根据句意可知要把after改为before。5.Firstly,find more chances to listen more and speak more,

33、or you will find it easier to learn Chinese.(2018山东实验中学一模)orand句意:首先,找更多的机会多听多说,这样你会发现学习汉语更容易。根据句意可知,此处为“祈使句+and+一般将来时的句子”句型,故应用and。-32-6.But for now,they all have to postpone their plans if the winter storms pass.(2018福建龙岩质检)ifuntil/till句意:但是就现在来说,他们都得把他们的计划推迟到冬季风暴结束时实施。根据句意可知,此处表示“直到”,故把if改为till/u

34、ntil。7.Early in the morning,I didnt want to go to school,but I pretended to feel ill.butso句意:一大早我不想上学,因而假装生病。前后句构成因果关系,故应用并列连词so。8.If we want to be treated well,and we should treat others well too.删除and分析句子结构可知,if引导条件状语从句,后面为主句,连词and多余。-33-9.The real moment began before I stood on the platform with

35、my legs trembling or my mind blank.beforewhen/as/after根据语境可知,此处指当站在台上时或站在台上后。orand句中my legs trembling和my mind blank是两个并列发生的动作,不表示选择,故用并列连词and。10.She had not studied Chinese before arriving here,but she has some difficulty communicating with people.butso句意:她来中国之前没学过汉语,所以跟人交流起来有困难。故应用连词so表示因果关系。-34-11

36、.In the afternoon,I went to the train station and managed to buy two tickets for my grandparents but there was a long queue.butthough/although句意:尽管队伍很长,我下午还是去火车站设法帮爷爷奶奶买到了两张票。此处表让步关系,故用though或although。12.Annoyed,he sat by a path of the mountain while a farmer carrying a large bunch of firewood came

37、down from the mountain.whilewhenwhile引导的时间状语从句中谓语动词只能用延续性动词,而came down表示短暂性动作,故用when引导时间状语从句。13.Inside it,I found some money or a card with a phone number.orand根据语境可知,此处表示逻辑上的并列关系,故用连词and。-35-14.Or perhaps they just want to connect with us and are doing it all wrong.andbut句意:也许他们只是想和我们沟通,但是他们全做错了。前后

38、句之间为转折关系,故应用but。15.Like many small towns in the southern area,which has a lot of small bridges going over clean streams.whichit由该句结构可知,“Like many small towns in the southern area”为该句的状语,句子缺少主语;该句不是定语从句,故将which改为it。16.I didnt begin to like our house parents when something happened one night.whenuntil

39、not.until表示“直到才”,为固定搭配。句意:直到一天晚上发生了一件事情,我才开始喜欢我们的宿管。-36-.短文改错(2018全国)When I was little,Fridays night was our family game night.After supper,we would play card games of all sort in the sitting room.As the kid,I loved to watch cartoons,but no matter how many times I asked to watching them,my parents w

40、ould not to let me.They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain.Still I unwilling to play the games for them sometimes.I didnt realize how right my parents are until I entered high school.The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my

41、life.-37-38-1.FridaysFriday“s”主要加在用于表示有生命的人或物的名词之后来表示所有关系,而此处仅仅表示周五晚上,没有所属的意思,故将Fridays改为Friday。2.sortsorts空前有all修饰,且sort为可数名词,故用其复数形式,意为“各种各样的”。3.thea根据句意可知,此处“kid”并非特指,故the改为a。4.watchingwatchask to do sth.意为“要求做某事”,故将watching改为watch。5.删掉let前面的to此处would是will的过去式,其后面应接动词原形,故应将to删掉。6.usme根据前文的“me”可知,

42、父母会对“我”说,而不是“我们”,故将us改为me。-39-7.unwilling前加wasbe unwilling to do sth.是固定搭配,意为“不情愿做某事”,又因主语是I,此处的时态是一般过去时,故应在unwilling前加was。8.forwithplay games with sb.是固定搭配,意为“与某人玩游戏”,故应将for改为with。9.arewere根据语境可知此处应用一般过去时,且主语my parents为复数形式,故将are改为were。10.wherewhenwhen引导时间状语从句,意为“当时”。句中“I was a child”为时间状语,故应将where改为when。