定语从句公开课2.ppt

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1、Grammar闪光的东西不一定是金子。.玩火者必自焚。谁笑在最后，谁笑得最好。结果好，一切都好。智者寡言。proverbs2.He who plays with fire gets burnt.3.He laughs best who laughs last.4.Alls well that ends well.5.He is a wise man who speaks little.1.All that glitters is not gold.定语从句：定语从句：修饰名词和代词的从句修饰名词和代词的从句This is the best film that I have seen.定语从句t

2、he best film 先行词that关系词This is the best film that I have seen.关系词引导定语从句代替先行词在从句中担当一个成分关系词的作用 1）2）3）Attributive clause定语从句定语从句定语从句:修饰某个名词或代词的从句修饰某个名词或代词的从句先行词：被定语从句修饰的词先行词：被定语从句修饰的词关系代词关系代词:that which,who,whom,whoseThemanwholivesnexttoussellsvegetables.The man sells vegetables.He lives next to us.先行词

3、先行词关系代词关系代词关系代词的作用：关系代词的作用：连接主句和从句连接主句和从句（引导从句）（引导从句）在从句中指代先行词在从句中指代先行词在从句中充当成分在从句中充当成分,作主语或宾语作主语或宾语 WhoWhomWhichthat指人指人 指物指物 从句中充当从句中充当主语主语/宾语宾语宾语宾语主语主语/宾语宾语主语主语/宾语宾语关系代词何时能省略？作宾语时可省略1.Heisateacher_Ilikeverymuch.2.Thosepictures_weredrawnbyTomarenice.whom/that/whowhich/thatFill in the blanks:who wh

4、om which thatWhose用法及转换形式用法及转换形式1.whose引导定语从句，其引导定语从句，其后后应紧应紧跟名词跟名词，构成名词短语。构成名词短语。Thatsthechildwhosefatherisateacher.Doyouknowthewomanwhosehusbandisadoctor?Thisisabookwhosecoverisgreen.2.2.whose引导定语从句，其先行词不仅可引导定语从句，其先行词不仅可以指以指人人，还可以指，还可以指物物。A.需要注意的几个问题：a 只能用that 不能用which/who的情况先行词既有人又有物先行词既有人又有物I st

5、ill remember the people and the things that I talked about with my friend.先行词为不定代词（先行词为不定代词（all,few,anything,something,nothing,everything)You must do everything that I do.先行词被序数词先行词被序数词,adj最高级最高级或或theonly,theverythelast等所修饰等所修饰He is the very person that I am looking for.先行词被先行词被all,little,much,any,n

6、o,every等修饰等修饰,常用常用thatAny man that wants to succeed must work hard.Who is the boy _ was here just now?that主句主句里已有里已有who/which，为避免重复，定语从句用为避免重复，定语从句用that引导引导6.当先行词在定语从句中作表语时当先行词在定语从句中作表语时Heisnolongertheboy_hewas10yearsago.that B.关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词在从句中分别表示关系副词在从句中分别表示时间、地点或原因状语时间、地点或原因状语关系副词关系

7、副词when在从句中充当在从句中充当时间状语时间状语。关系副词关系副词where在从句中充当在从句中充当地点状语地点状语。关系副词关系副词why在从句中充当在从句中充当原因状语原因状语。关系副词和先行词的关系关系副词和先行词的关系I still remember the day when I came here.This is the house where I lived last year.There are many reasons why people like traveling.on the day=whenin the house=wherefor the reasons=why

8、关系副词实际上是关系副词实际上是介词先行词介词先行词1.Illneverforgetthedays_weworkedtogether.2.Illneverforgetthedays_wespenttogether.3.IwenttotheplaceIworkedtenyearsago.4.Iwenttotheplace_Ivisitedtenyearsago.5.Thisisthereason_hewaslate.6.Thisisthereason_hegave.when/inwhichwhichwhere/inwhichwhichwhy/forwhichthat/which几种易混的情况几种

9、易混的情况及物动词及物动词及物动词及物动词及物动词及物动词Fill in the blank:when,where,why,which,thatin which,for whichRevision1 the usage of the relative pronoun 关系关系代词代词指代在定语从句中所充当的成分人物句子主语宾语定语whowhomwhichthatwhose the usage of the relative adverb关系副词指代所充当的句子成分whenwherewhytimeplacereasonadverbialadverbialadverbialD.限制性定语从句和非限

10、制性定语从句的区别：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别：1Chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory.2China,whichwasfoundedin1949,isbecomingmoreandmorepowerful.限制性定语从句：限制性定语从句：1）形式上无逗号，）形式上无逗号，2）意义上是先行）意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，因而不能删除词不可缺少的定语，因而不能删除非非限制性定语从句：限制性定语从句：1）形式上有逗号与主句隔开）形式上有逗号与主句隔开2）是对）是对先行词的补充说明，删除后意思仍完整先行词的补充说明，删除后意思仍完整 3）关系词）关系词不用

11、不用that且且不能省不能省 E.介词+关系代词1.由先行词的习惯搭配或根据先行词的需要The speed at which light travels is 300,000km per second.The room in which there is a blackboard is their classroom.介词可能是从句谓语的一个部分,或动词所需要的搭配Dont bring children to see the animals of which they are afraid.This is the job at which they laughed.2.表示所有关系或整体的一部

12、分,常用of whichChina has hundreds of islands,the largest of which is Taiwan.I have many friends,_ some are businessmen.A.of them B.from which C.who of D.of whom D3.whose的先行词指物时的先行词指物时,可用可用ofwhich代替代替,但词序不同，但词序不同，即即whose+名词名词=the+n+of which =of which+the+n.He lives in the room whose window faces south.=

13、Helivesintheroom,facessouth.=Helivesintheroom,facessouth.thewindowofwhichofwhichthewindowThankyouThis is the pen _ _ I wrote the letter.Is that the girl _ _ you lent your bicycle?Here is the address _ _ you should writeThese are the things _ _ I spoke just now.Is that the fish _ _ you asked the wait

14、er?with which to whomto whichabout whichfor whichD ：as与与which引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，但下列情况多用互换，但下列情况多用as。1.当与当与such或或the same连用时，一般用连用时，一般用as。e.g.Such books as you tell me are interesting.I have the same plan as you.2.as 引导的从句可以放在句首引导的从句可以放在句首,as 本身有本身有“正如正如.正象正象”之意，与

15、之连用的词有之意，与之连用的词有 know,see,expect,announce,point out 等。等。e.g.As we all know,the earth is round.1.The earth is round,_ is known to all.2._ is known to all,the earth is roundwhich asAsas 具有具有“正如正如”之意，搭配的动词一般是固定的，如：之意，搭配的动词一般是固定的，如：as you know/as you see/as we planned/as we expected结论结论:as,which均可引导非限制性

16、定语从句均可引导非限制性定语从句,as引导的从句可以放在句首、句中、句末，有引导的从句可以放在句首、句中、句末，有“如如.，正象，正象”之意，之意，与之连用的词有与之连用的词有know,see,expect,announce,pointout等，常用被动结等，常用被动结构如构如asisannounced(据宣布）；据宣布）；asisreported（据报道）；（据报道）；asisexpected(正如所期待正如所期待/料想的那样；不出所料想的那样；不出所料）；料）；ashasbeenexplained（正如所解释的那样）（正如所解释的那样）;关系词关系词1.关系代词关系代词2.关系副词关系副词

17、1.指人指人2.指物指物3.指某一情况指某一情况thatwhowhomwhosethatwhichwhosewhichas不能放于句首不能放于句首放于句中或句首放于句中或句首“正如正如”whenwherewhy(主语主语/宾语宾语)(状语状语)1.Thisisall_Iknowaboutthematter.A.thatB.whatC.whoD.whether2.Isthereanythingelse_yourequire?A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what3.Thelastplace_wevisitedwastheGreatWall.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.i

18、t考点一考点一:that与与which的区别的区别先行词为先行词为all,little,much,everything,nothing,something,anything等不定等不定代词时，关系代词用代词时，关系代词用that4.Hetalkedhappilyaboutthemenandbooks_interestedhimgreatlyintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.itD.whom5.Thereisnodictionary_youcanfindeverything.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.inthat6.Isoxygentheonlygas_he

19、lpsfireburn?A.thatB./C.whichD.it7.Whichwasthehotel_wasrecommendedtoyou?A.thatB.whichC.whereD.it先行词为先行词为人和物的人和物的组合组合先行词被先行词被all,little,much,every,no,等等修饰时修饰时先行词被先行词被序数词序数词或或最高级最高级修饰先行词前有修饰先行词前有序数词序数词(thefirst),形容词最高级形容词最高级(thebest),thelast,thevery,theonly等时。等时。若主句中有疑问代词若主句中有疑问代词who或或者者which，为了避免重复，为了

20、避免重复,关关系代词不要再用系代词不要再用who,which，而用而用that。1.Jim passed the driving test,_ 1.Jim passed the driving test,_ surprised everybody in the office.surprised everybody in the office.A.which B that C this D.it A.which B that C this D.it只用只用which的情况的情况:1,逗号后面逗号后面2,介词后面介词后面2.Theday_hewasbornwasAug.20,1952.A.onwh

21、ichBthatCwhichD.this 考点二考点二:介词介词+关系代词关系代词提醒提醒:介词介词 关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词引导的定语从句,关键关键是判断介词的选择是判断介词的选择.方法一方法一:根据从句中根据从句中动词动词与与先行词先行词习惯搭配习惯搭配方法二方法二:根据从句中动词与先行词的根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系逻辑关系注意：注意：关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由时，从句常常由“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”引出。引出。此时关系代词只能用此时关系代词只能用which或或whom;不可不可用用that或或who代替代替The man i

22、s from Beijing UniversityBeijing University.I talked about him at the meetingI talked about him at the meeting.The man The man(who/whom/that)(who/whom/that)I talked I talked about about at the meeting at the meeting is from Beijing University.is from Beijing University.Join them into one sentence.=T

23、he man about I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University.关系代词紧跟在介词后面时，不能用关系代词紧跟在介词后面时，不能用that，也，也不能省略，常用不能省略，常用which或或whom。该介词通常可以。该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。whomFillingblanks:1.The man _ you shook hands just now is our headmaster.2.The room _ my family live used to be a garag

24、e.with whomin which考点三考点三Whose用法及转换形式用法及转换形式1.whose引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名词短语。构成名词短语。Thatsthechildwhosefatherisateacher.Doyouknowthewomanwhosehusbandisadoctor?Thisisabookwhosecoverisgreen.2.2.whose引导定语从句，其先行词不仅可引导定语从句，其先行词不仅可以指人，还可以指物。以指人，还可以指物。考点四：考点四：as与与which引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 两者均可引导非限制性定语从

25、句，有时可以两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，但下列情况多用互换，但下列情况多用asas。1.1.当与当与suchsuch或或the samethe same连用时，一般用连用时，一般用asas。e.g.e.g.SuchSuch books books as as you tell me are interesting.you tell me are interesting.I have I have the same the same plan plan asas you.you.2.2.asas 引导的从句可以放在句首引导的从句可以放在句首,as,as 本身有本身有“正正如如.正

26、象正象”之意，与之连用的词有之意，与之连用的词有 knowknow,see,expect,announce,point out see,expect,announce,point out 等。等。e.g.e.g.AsAs we all know,the earth is round.we all know,the earth is round.1._wasnatural,hemarriedJenny.A.WhichB.ThatC.ThisD.As2.Suchsigns_weuseintheexperiment_Greekletters.A.as,areB.as,isC.that,areD.th

27、at,is4._hasbeensaidabove,grammarisasetofdeadrules.A.WhichB.WhatC.ThatD.As5.Wedothesamework_theydo.A.whichB.asC.thanD.likeAnyone _breaks the law is punished.Those _ break the law are punished.He _ breaks the law is punished.在在anyone,those,he/she/I/they作先行词作先行词时时,用用”who”代替代替“that”.考点五考点五:that与与who的区别的

28、区别whowhowho 考点六考点六:如何判断用如何判断用关系副词关系副词还是还是关系代词关系代词?选用定语从句的关系词时，需注意两点：选用定语从句的关系词时，需注意两点：1.先行词先行词2.关系词在从句中充当的成分关系词在从句中充当的成分。做主语，宾语，定语用做主语，宾语，定语用做状语用做状语用关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词 I will never forget the day _ I first went to school.I will never forget the day _ we spent in Beijing.The house _ we visited is being

29、 repaired now.The house _ Luxun once lived is being repaired now.when(which/that)(which/that)where 考点七考点七:定语从句中主谓一致问题定语从句中主谓一致问题定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的的先行词先行词保持一致。保持一致。1.Iamnotonewho_afraidofdifficulty2.Dontchooseme,who_notfitforthisjobisam关系词关系词1.关系代词关系代词2.关系副词关系副词1.指人指人2.指物指物3.指某一情

30、况指某一情况thatwhowhomwhosethatwhichwhosewhichas不能放于句首不能放于句首放于句中或句首放于句中或句首“正如正如”whenwherewhy(主语主语/宾语宾语)(状语状语)3.This is one of the best books _.3.This is one of the best books _.A.that have ever been written A.that have ever been written B.that has ever been written B.that has ever been written C.that has

31、 written C.that has written D.that have written D.that have written4.She is the only one of the girls _ well 4.She is the only one of the girls _ well in class.in class.A.which sings B.who sing A.which sings B.who sing C.who sings D.who to sing C.who sings D.who to sing1.Isthisfactory_wevisitedlastw

32、eek?DIsthisthefactory_wevisitedlastWeek?A、whereB、thatC、towhichD、theoneB解题关键：如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈解题关键：如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈述句式。述句式。ExercisesExercises2.Letmethinkofapropersituation_thissentencecanbeused.A、whereB、thatC、ofwhomD、whichA先行词是先行词是situation,case,scene时，时，一般用一般用where,最佳最佳选择则是选择则是inwhich3.Shewillneverforget

33、theday_shespentinBeijing.A、whenB、whatC、whichD、whyCShewillneverforgettheday_shestayedwithhiminBeijing.A5.Thecollegewonttakeanyone_eyesightisweak.A、whoB、whoseC、ofwhomD、whichB6.Those_totakepartinthegamewritedownyournames.A、whoB、whowantC、whowantsD、whatB7.IdontlikeEnglish,_Iamnotinterested.IdontlikeEngli

34、sh,_grammarisdifficulttolearn.Ilikethishouse,_doorwayisjustenoughtoget.Ilikethishouse,_doorwayissmall.A.inwhichB.whichC.throughwhoseD.whoseADCD8.I，_yourgoodfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouout.A、whoisB、whatisC、whatamD、whoamD9.Whichofthetwocows_youkeepproducesmoremilk?A、whichB、thatC、whatD、asB10.Hiswalkin

35、gstick,_hecantwalk,waslostyesterday.A、thatB、withwhichC、whichD、withoutwhichD 13.HemustbefromAfrica,_canbeseenfromhisskin.A.thatB.asC.whoD.whatB14.Thisisthesamepen_Ilostyesterday.A.asB.thatC.theoneD.A&BD比较：比较：.thesamepenasIlost.thesamepenthatIlost.表示这支笔与我不见的那支很像，不一定就是表示这支笔与我不见的那支很像，不一定就是则表示这支笔就是我不见的那支

36、则表示这支笔就是我不见的那支.15.Theteachergaveussodifficultaproblem_wecouldntsolve.Theteachergaveussodifficultaproblem_wecouldntsolveit.A.asB.thatC.whichD.theonesABso.that后面跟的是一个结果状语从句后面跟的是一个结果状语从句16._ismentionedabove,thenumberofthestudentsinseniorhighschoolisincreasing.A.WhichB.AsC.WhatD.ThatB17.Illtellyou_hetol

37、dmelastnight.A.allwhichB.allwhatC.thatallD.allD18.Howdoyoulikethebook?Itsquitedifferentfrom_Ireadlastmonth.A.thatB.whichC.theoneD.theonewhatC19.Therearethreelibrariesinourschool,_werebuiltfiveyearsago.A、allofthemB、eitherofthemC、allofwhichD、bothofthatC20.Iboughtsomebooksfromthebookstore,five _wereEng

38、lishnovels.A.ofwhichB.whichC.thatD.inwhichA名词/代词/数词+of+which/whom引导非限定性定语从句21.Here are players from Japan,some of 21.Here are players from Japan,some of _ are our old friends._ are our old friends.Here are some players from Japan and some of Here are some players from Japan and some of _ are our old friends._ are our old friends.A.which B.that A.which B.that C.whom D.them C.whom D.them非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句并列句并列句CD