5种常见句子结构.ppt

《5种常见句子结构.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《5种常见句子结构.ppt（71页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、l英语基础语法复习 英英语语五种基本句型五种基本句型基本句型一：基本句型一：（主谓）（主谓）基本句型二：基本句型二：（主谓表）（主谓表）基本句型三：基本句型三：（主谓宾）（主谓宾）基本句型四：基本句型四：（主谓间宾直宾）（主谓间宾直宾）基本句型五：基本句型五：（主谓宾宾补（主谓宾宾补 ）句型句型1：Subject(主语主语)Verb(谓语谓语)l l此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思，这种句型中的动词整的意

2、思，这种句型中的动词整的意思，这种句型中的动词整的意思，这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，动词后不可大多是不及物动词，动词后不可大多是不及物动词，动词后不可大多是不及物动词，动词后不可以直接接宾语，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等以直接接宾语，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等以直接接宾语，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等以直接接宾语，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。常。常。常。常见的动词如：见的动词如：见的动词如：见的动词如：work,sing,swim,fish,jump,arrive,come,work,sing,swim,fish,jump,arrive,come,di

3、e,disappear,cry,happendie,disappear,cry,happen等。如：等。如：等。如：等。如：l l1.The sun was shining.1.The sun was shining.太阳在照耀着。太阳在照耀着。太阳在照耀着。太阳在照耀着。l l2.The moon rose.2.The moon rose.月亮升起了。月亮升起了。月亮升起了。月亮升起了。l l3.The universe remains.3.The universe remains.宇宙长存。宇宙长存。宇宙长存。宇宙长存。l l4.We all breathe,eat,and drink.4

4、.We all breathe,eat,and drink.我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。l l5.Who cares?5.Who cares?管它呢？管它呢？管它呢？管它呢？l l6.What he said does not matter.6.What he said does not matter.他所讲的没有什么关系。他所讲的没有什么关系。他所讲的没有什么关系。他所讲的没有什么关系。l l7.They talked for half an hour.7.They talked for half an hour.他们谈了半

5、个小时。他们谈了半个小时。他们谈了半个小时。他们谈了半个小时。l l8.The pen writes smoothly.8.The pen writes smoothly.这支笔书写流利。这支笔书写流利。这支笔书写流利。这支笔书写流利。l lTry to give me some examples which are the same drill.Try to give me some examples which are the same drill.句型2：Subject(主语)Link.V(系动词)Predicate(表语)l l此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不此句型的句子

6、有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不 能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词，语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词，这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等。其系动词一般可分这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等。其系动词一般可分为下列两类为下列两类：(1)(1)表示状态。这样的词有：表示状态。这样的词有：be,look,seem,smell,be,look,seem,smell,taste,sound,keeptaste,sound,keep等。如

7、：等。如：1)This kind of food 1)This kind of food tastes delicioustastes delicious.这这种食物吃起来很可口。种食物吃起来很可口。2)He 2)He looked worriedlooked worried just now.just now.刚刚才他看上去有些焦急。才他看上去有些焦急。3)We should 3)We should remain modestremain modest at any time.at any time.我我们们在任何在任何时时候都候都应该应该保持保持谦谦虚虚谨谨慎。慎。4)This kind

8、of food 4)This kind of food tastes terribletastes terrible.。5)The picture 5)The picture looks more beautifullooks more beautiful at a certain distance.at a certain distance.2)2)表示表示变变化。化。这类这类系系动词动词有：有：become,turn,get,grow,become,turn,get,grow,gogo等。如：等。如：1)Spring comes.It is 1)Spring comes.It is get

9、ting warmer getting warmer and warmer.and warmer.春天到了，天春天到了，天气气变变得越来越暖和。得越来越暖和。2)The tree has 2)The tree has growngrown much much taller taller than before.than before.这这棵棵树树比以前比以前长长得得高多了。高多了。3)Spring comes.It is 3)Spring comes.It is getting warmer and warmergetting warmer and warmer.春天到了，天春天到了，天气气变

10、变得越来越暖和。得越来越暖和。4)Dont have the food.It has 4)Dont have the food.It has gone badgone bad.不要吃那种食物，已不要吃那种食物，已经变经变质质了。了。5)The facts 5)The facts prove trueprove true.事事实证实证明是正确的。明是正确的。Have a try!Have a try!l l请指出下列各句为哪种结构请指出下列各句为哪种结构请指出下列各句为哪种结构请指出下列各句为哪种结构：（主谓）或（主谓）或 （主谓表）（主谓表）l lWarm up exercisesWarm u

11、p exercises:l l1.They talked happily for almost an hour.1.They talked happily for almost an hour.l l2.The weather here is getting hotter and hotter.2.The weather here is getting hotter and hotter.l l3.The player was singing in the playground 3.The player was singing in the playground then.then.l l 4

12、.The city at night looks more beautiful.4.The city at night looks more beautiful.l l5.The students should keep quiet in the room5.The students should keep quiet in the rooml l6.The breakfast cooked by mum has gone bad.6.The breakfast cooked by mum has gone bad.SVSVPSVSVPSVPSVP句型3：Subject(主语)Verb(谓语)

13、Object(宾语)l l这这种句型中的种句型中的动词动词一般一般为为及物及物及物及物动词动词动词动词,所所谓谓及物及物动词动词，就是，就是这这种种动动词词后可以后可以直接接直接接直接接直接接宾语宾语宾语宾语，其，其，其，其宾语宾语宾语宾语通常由名通常由名通常由名通常由名词词词词、代、代、代、代词词词词、动词动词动词动词不定式、不定式、不定式、不定式、动动动动名名名名词词词词或从句等来充当或从句等来充当或从句等来充当或从句等来充当。此句型句子的共同特点是：。此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词谓语动词都都具有具有实义实义，都是主，都是主语产语产生的生的动动作，作，但不能表达完整的意思，必但不能表达

14、完整的意思，必但不能表达完整的意思，必但不能表达完整的意思，必须须须须跟有一个跟有一个跟有一个跟有一个宾语宾语宾语宾语，即，即，即，即动动动动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。例作的承受者，才能使意思完整。例作的承受者，才能使意思完整。例作的承受者，才能使意思完整。例：1)He took his 1)He took his bag and leftbag and left.（名（名词词）他拿着他拿着书书包离开了。包离开了。2)Li Lei always helps 2)Li Lei always helps meme when I have difficulties.(when I have dif

15、ficulties.(代代词词)当我遇到当我遇到困困难时难时，李雷，李雷总总能能给给我帮助。我帮助。3)She plans3)She plans to travelto travel in the coming May Day.in the coming May Day.（不定式）（不定式）她打算在即将到来的她打算在即将到来的“五一五一”外出旅游。外出旅游。4)I dont know 4)I dont know what I should do next.what I should do next.(从句从句)我不知道下一步我不知道下一步该该干什么干什么5)She lost 5)She los

16、t the chance to make her appearance on the stage.the chance to make her appearance on the stage.她失去了在舞台上露面的机会她失去了在舞台上露面的机会句型句型4 4：Subject(Subject(主主语语)Verb(Verb(谓语谓语)Indirect Indirect object(object(间间接接宾语宾语)Direct object(Direct object(直接直接宾语宾语)l l此句型的句子有一个共同特点：此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词谓语动词必必须须跟有跟有两个两个两个两个宾

17、语宾语宾语宾语才能才能才能才能表达完整的意思表达完整的意思表达完整的意思表达完整的意思。这这两个两个宾语宾语一个是一个是动动作的作的直接承受者直接承受者，另一个，另一个是是动动作的作的间间间间接承受者接承受者接承受者接承受者。这这种句型中，直接种句型中，直接宾语为宾语为主要主要宾语宾语，表示，表示动动作是作是对谁对谁做的或做的或为谁为谁做的，在句中不可或缺，做的，在句中不可或缺，常常由表示常常由表示常常由表示常常由表示“物物物物”的名的名的名的名词词词词来充当；来充当；来充当；来充当；间间间间接接接接宾语宾语宾语宾语也被称之也被称之也被称之也被称之为为为为第二第二第二第二宾语宾语宾语宾语，去掉

18、之后，去掉之后，对对整整个句子的影响不大，个句子的影响不大，多由指多由指多由指多由指“人人人人”的名的名的名的名词词词词或代或代或代或代词词词词承担承担承担承担。引。引导这类导这类双双宾语宾语的常的常见动词见动词有：有：buy,pass,lend,give,tell,teach,show,bring,buy,pass,lend,give,tell,teach,show,bring,sendsend等。如：等。如：1)Her father 1)Her father bought herbought her a dictionary as a birthday present.a dictiona

19、ry as a birthday present.2)The old man always2)The old man always tells the children storiestells the children stories about the heroes about the heroes in the Long March.in the Long March.3)Yesterday her father 3)Yesterday her father bought her a bicyclebought her a bicycle as a birthday as a birth

20、day present.present.这这种句型种句型还还可可转换为转换为其他两种句型：其他两种句型：1)1)动词动词 宾语宾语 for sb.for sb.；2)2)动词动词 宾语宾语to sb.to sb.。（多指人）（多指人）（多指物）（多指物）l l1)Please 1)Please show me your picture.show me your picture.=Please =Please show your picture show your picture toto me.me.请请把你的画把你的画给给我看一下。我看一下。2)Ill 2)Ill offer you a g

21、ood chanceoffer you a good chance as long as you don t lose as long as you don t lose heart.heart.=Ill =Ill offer a good chance for youoffer a good chance for you as long as you dont lose as long as you dont lose heart.heart.又如：又如：l lHe passed me the wonderful gift yesterday.He passed me the wonderf

22、ul gift yesterday.l lMy teacher taught me EnglishMy teacher taught me Englishl lShe cooked her husband a delicious dinner.She cooked her husband a delicious dinner.l l My brother told me how to get to the station.My brother told me how to get to the station.句型句型句型句型5 5：Subject(Subject(主主主主语语语语)Verb(

23、Verb(动词动词动词动词)Object(Object(宾宾宾宾语语语语)Complement(Complement(补语补语补语补语)l l此句型的句子的共同特点是：此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽动词虽然是然是及物及物及物及物动词动词动词动词，但是只跟，但是只跟一个一个一个一个宾语还宾语还宾语还宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必不能表达完整的意思，必不能表达完整的意思，必不能表达完整的意思，必须须须须加上一个加上一个加上一个加上一个补补补补充成分来充成分来充成分来充成分来补补补补足足足足宾语宾语宾语宾语，才能使意思完整，才能使意思完整，才能使意思完整，才能使意思完整。这这种句型中的种句型中的“宾

24、语宾语宾语宾语补语补语补语补语”统统统统称称称称为为为为“复合复合复合复合宾语宾语宾语宾语”。宾语补宾语补足足语语的主要作用或者是的主要作用或者是补补充、充、说说明明宾语宾语的特的特点、身份等；或者表示点、身份等；或者表示让宾语让宾语去完成的去完成的动动作等。作等。担任担任担任担任补语补语补语补语的常的常的常的常常是名常是名常是名常是名词词词词、形容、形容、形容、形容词词词词、副、副、副、副词词词词、介、介、介、介词词词词短短短短语语语语、分、分、分、分词词词词、动词动词动词动词不定式不定式不定式不定式等。等。常常见见的的动词动词有有:tell,ask,advise,help,want,wou

25、ld like,order,force,:tell,ask,advise,help,want,would like,order,force,allowallow等。如：等。如：1 1）You should keep the roomYou should keep the room clean and tidyclean and tidy.你你应该让应该让屋子保持干屋子保持干净净整整洁洁。（形容。（形容词词）2)We made him 2)We made him our monitorour monitor.(.(名名词词)我我们选们选他当班他当班长长。3)His father told him

26、 3)His father told him not to playnot to play in the street.(in the street.(不定式不定式)4 4）My father likes to watch the boys My father likes to watch the boys playing basketball.playing basketball.(现现在分在分词词)注意：注意：动词动词have,make,let,see,hear,notice,feel,have,make,let,see,hear,notice,feel,watchwatch等后面所接的等

27、后面所接的动词动词不定式作不定式作宾补时宾补时，主，主动语态动语态不不带带toto。如：。如：1)The boss made him 1)The boss made him do do the work all day.the work all day.老板老板让让他整天做那他整天做那项项工作。工作。2)I heard her 2)I heard her singsing in the next room all the time last night.in the next room all the time last night.昨天晚上我听昨天晚上我听见见她在隔壁唱了一个晚上。她在隔壁唱

28、了一个晚上。但是使役但是使役动词动词(make,let)(make,let)以及感官以及感官动词动词（see,hear,notice,see,hear,notice,feel,feel,watch)watch)被被被被动语态动语态动语态动语态加上加上加上加上to to.1)=He was made 1)=He was made to doto do the work by t the work by the boss all dayhe boss all day.2)=She was heard 2)=She was heard to singto sing in the next room

29、all the time last in the next room all the time last night.night.Go for it ,please!l （主谓宾宾补）1 1）They kept the room clean.They kept the room clean.2)We all call the boy Tom.2)We all call the boy Tom.3)Our teacher asked us to do morning exercise.3)Our teacher asked us to do morning exercise.4)The work

30、er painted the wall white.4)The worker painted the wall white.5)I saw her getting on the bus just now.5)I saw her getting on the bus just now.6)What made the little girl angry?6)What made the little girl angry?Lets goLets golEx 1:(S V)l l1 1李明学李明学习习很努力。很努力。l l2.2.事故是昨天下午事故是昨天下午发发生的。生的。l l3 3春天就要来了春天

31、就要来了.l l4 4我我们们住在住在这这个城市已有关个城市已有关1010年了年了.l l5 5学生学生们们学学习习很努力。很努力。l l6 6 她再次向我道歉。她再次向我道歉。l l7 7事故是昨天晚上事故是昨天晚上发发生的。生的。Li Ming works very hard.The accident happened yesterday afternoonSpring is coming.We have lived in the city for ten yearsThe students work very hard.She apologized to me again.The acc

32、ident happened yesterday evening.Ex 2:(SVP)l1.这是本英汉辞典。l2.午餐的气味很好。l3.他堕入了情网。l4.一切看来都不同了。l5.他长得又高又壮。l6.麻烦的是他们缺少钱。l7.我们的井干枯了。l8.他的脸红了。This is an English-Chinese dictionary.The dinner smells good.He fell in love.Everything looks different.He is growing tall and strong.The trouble is that they are short

33、of money.Our well has gone dry.His face turned red.Ex 3(SVO)Ex 3(SVO)l1.谁知道答案？l2.她微笑表示感谢。l3.他拒绝帮他们的忙。l4.他喜欢看书。l5.他们吃了剩饭。l6.他说：“早上好！l7.我想喝杯茶。l8.他承认犯了错误。Who knows the answer?She smiled her thanksHe enjoys readingThey ate what was left overHe has refused to help them.。He said Good morning.I want to hav

34、e a cup of teaHe admits that he was mistaken.Ex 4.(SVoO)Ex 4.(SVoO)1.1.她给自己定了一套新衣裳。她给自己定了一套新衣裳。2.2.她给丈夫煮了一顿美味的饭。她给丈夫煮了一顿美味的饭。3.3.他给你买了一本字典。他给你买了一本字典。4.4.他对她什么都不拒绝他对她什么都不拒绝5.5.我给他看我的照片。我给他看我的照片。6.6.我洗了我的汽车。我洗了我的汽车。7.7.我告诉他汽车晚点了。我告诉他汽车晚点了。8.8.他教我开机器。他教我开机器。She ordered herself a new dress.。She cooked h

35、er husband a delicious meal.He brought you a dictionary.He refused her nothing.I showed him my pictures.I gave my car a wash.I told him that the bus was late.He showed me how to run the machine.Ex 5 (SVOC)Ex 5 (SVOC)l l1.1.他他们们请请他当他当经经理。理。l l2.2.他他们们把把门门漆成漆成绿绿色。色。l l3.3.这这使得他使得他们们要要细细想一想。想一想。l l4.4.

36、他他们发现们发现那房子那房子空的空的。l l5.5.他怎么会他怎么会这样这样想？想？l l6.6.我我们们送他出去。送他出去。l l7 7他要我早点回来。他要我早点回来。l l8.8.我看我看见见他他们们上了那上了那辆辆公共汽公共汽车车。They aked him to be managerThey painted the door green.This made them think carefullyThey found the house emptyWhat makes him think so?We saw(showed/sent)him out He asked me to come

37、 back soon.。I saw them getting on the bus.Continue!Continue!There be There be 句型句型句型句型(特殊倒装句式）特殊倒装句式）特殊倒装句式）特殊倒装句式）此句型是由 there+be+主语+状语构成，用以表达存在有存在有，一种无主语的有。它其其实实是倒装的一种情况是倒装的一种情况，主主语语位于位于谓语动词谓语动词 be 之后之后，there 仅为引导词，并无实际语。Be 与其后的主主语语在人称和在人称和数量上一致，有数量上一致，有时态时态和情和情态变态变化化。如，现在有 there is/are 过去有 there w

38、as/were将来有 there will be/there is/are going to be.现在已经有 there has/have been可能有 there might be.肯定有 there must be/there must have been.过去一直有 there used to be 似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to be 碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be 此句型有时不用be动词，而用 live,stand,come,go,lie,remain,exist,arrive,等。Ex 6:There

39、 be Ex 6:There be 1.1.今晚没有会。今晚没有会。2.2.这这个村子个村子过过去只有一口井。去只有一口井。3.3.这这个学校有一名音个学校有一名音乐乐老老师师和一名美和一名美术术老老师师4.4.客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。5.5.天气天气预报说预报说下午有大下午有大风风。6.6.办办公室里肯定有人公室里肯定有人7.7.恰好那时房里没人。恰好那时房里没人。8.8.在那边的树下可能有蛇。在那边的树下可能有蛇。There isnt going to be a meeting tonightThere was only a well in th

40、e villageThere is a teacher of music and a teacher of art in the school.Among the guests there were two Americans and two Frenchmen.The weatherman says therell be a strong wind in the afternoon.There must be someone ion the office.There happened to be nobody in the room.There may be a snake under th

41、at treeLets go2不定式作表语不定式作表语 1.Her work is _(look)after the children.2.My aim is _(go)to Tsinghua University.3.She seemed _(think)about the problem.4.They appeared _(agree)with what we said.不定式作表语时可以和主语部分调换。Continue:3不定式作宾语：不定式作宾语：有些及物动词常用不定式作宾语。常见的动词有：want,demand,like,hate,hope,begin,seem,fail,help,

42、offer,manage,pretend,forget,remember,promise,prepare,learn,expect,agree,determine,prefer,intend,etc.Have a try:lThey wanted _(get)on the bus,didnt they?lHe said he wished(be)a professor.lI agreed_(go)there with the doctor.lMy daughter preferred _(dance)when she was in her twenties.lHe had promised _

43、(give)me a hand.Go on,please!4.4.不定式作宾语补足语不定式作宾语补足语不定式作宾语补足语不定式作宾语补足语 A)1.I didnt want my parents _(help)me.A)1.I didnt want my parents _(help)me.2.Wed prefer you _(take)the job 2.Wed prefer you _(take)the job instead of Zhang.instead of Zhang.3.The school ordered all the classroom 3.The school orde

44、red all the classroom _(clean)._(clean).4.My parents expect me _(go)to a 4.My parents expect me _(go)to a ideal university.ideal university.5.Joan promised the dinner _(cook)5.Joan promised the dinner _(cook)before we returned.before we returned.6.The doctor advised the patient 6.The doctor advised

45、the patient _(take)two pills every four hours._(take)two pills every four hours.7.He determined me_(tell)everything.7.He determined me_(tell)everything.Go on,please!B)Whom flns sb do sth.(watch,have(使)hear,observe,make,feel,listen(to),let,notice,see etc.+sb+动词原形 +sth+doneTest yourself:l lWe cant let

46、 this _(go)on.We cant let this _(go)on.l lI will not let my children _(treat)in that way.I will not let my children _(treat)in that way.l lJohn made him _(tell)everything.John made him _(tell)everything.l lThe two boys were sorry indeed to see him The two boys were sorry indeed to see him _(go)._(go

47、).l lWe felt the house _(shake)in the earthquake.We felt the house _(shake)in the earthquake.l lDo you like listening to other people _(talk Do you like listening to other people _(talk)?Have you ever heard him _(tell)a lie?)?Have you ever heard him _(tell)a lie?l lWho would you like to have_(go)?Wh

48、o would you like to have_(go)?l lWho would you like to have_(go)with?Who would you like to have_(go)with?l lWhat song did you hear _(sing)?What song did you hear _(sing)?l lWe saw the house _(burn)to the ground when We saw the house _(burn)to the ground when we reached there.we reached there.Continu

49、e:5.不定式作定语不定式作定语 Change the following into infinitives.lHe was the first person that came to the classroom this morning.lThe only thing that I want to get is the diamond necklace.lEverything that is done needs praising.lDo you have anything that you want to say?lHere are some books that you can read

50、.Go on,please!6.不定式作状语。不定式作状语。状语的形式很多，有目的、结果、原因、条件、让步、比较、方式、伴随等，但目的、结果 要用不定式。Continue:A)Substitution:A)Substitution:l lHe got up early so that he could catch the first bus to the He got up early so that he could catch the first bus to the town.town.l lHe got up early_ _ _ catch the first bus.He got