初中英语语法之介词.docx

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1、初中英语语法之介词介词考点一：时间介词1. at, on, inat 常用在具体的钟点之前；on常用在星期、具体的日期以及某天的上午、下午、晚上前；in常用在年、月、季节或泛指的上午、下午、晚上前。2. in, afterin和after都可表示“在一段时间以后”，但in常与一般将来时连用，而after常与一般过去时连用，也可用于一般将来时。3. for, sincefor后跟时间段，since后跟时间点，均可与现在完成时连用。4. during, throughduring表示“在期间”；through表示“从头到尾”。【考例链接】 单项选择( )1.When will the movie

2、The Lion King (狮 子 王) return to movie theatres in America?_ July.A. OnB. AtC. In( )2.Most of the villagers took part in the Dragon Boat races _ 9: 00 a. m. _ the morning of June 7.A. at, inB. on, onC. on, inD. at, on( )3.Beijing Expo 2019 opened to the public _ 29th April. It will last over five mon

3、ths.A. atB. inC. onD. of( )4.Xinhua Zidian, or the New Chinese Dictionary, was first published _ 1953.A. onB. inC. atD. for( )5.Thanks to our government, we can have a new library next week.Thats great! And we will read books there _ a month.A. beforeB. inC. byD. until( )6.It is said that children i

4、n South Korea have to hike and walk through mountains at night _ their military (军事的) training.Really? So their training is much harder than ours.A. afterB. sinceC. duringD. before( )7.How cool the bike is! Is it yours?Yes, I have had it _ two months.A. forB. inC. afterD. since( )8.The children are

5、too young to sit _ a concert.A. inB. forC. afterD. through考点二：地点介词1. at, in, fromat和in指在某处，at后通常接相对较小的地点， in后通常接相对较大的地点；from指来自某处。2. on, over, above, under, belowon是指“在的上面并与表面接触”；over常表示恰好的垂直关系，或者含有空间上接近的含义；above只是笼统地表示“高于”，不与相接触；under表示“在垂直方向的下面但不与表面接触”；below笼统指“在之下”。故 over与under互为反义词；above与below互为

6、反义词。3. across, throughacross和through都有“从一边到另一边”的意思。across主要指“(从某物的表面上) 横过”；through主要指“(从某物的空间内)穿过”。4. between, among, ofbetween表示“在两者之间”，可构成 between . and .短语；among表示“在三者或三者以上之间；之一”；of表示范围，“在中”。5. in front of, in the front of, behind, at the back ofin front of / behind 表示在某一空间外部范围的前面或后面；in the front

7、 of / at the back of表示在某一空间内部范围的前面或后面。6. by / near / beside 在旁边，along 沿着，around 在周围【考例链接】. 单项选择( )1.Shall I help you _ the street, Grandpa?No, thanks. I can manage it myself.A. onB. withC. acrossD. along( )2.The high-speed train _ Qingdao and Beijing travels faster now. The train ride takes only abo

8、ut three hours.A. fromB. amongC. inD. between( )3.The bright sunlight comes into the room _ the window.A. throughB. acrossC. past( )4.Lets take a walk _ the river after dinner, shall we?A. alongB. throughC. uponD. over( )5.Look! A boy is drawing _ the bridge which is _ the river.A. over; onB. over;

9、aboveC. on; over. 写出所缺单词或短语1.Turn back and you will see me standing b you. (2020 海南)2.Flying in the sky, we can see the fascinating city _(在下面). (2020 山东青岛)3.Bob grew up in a village _(在旁边) a river, so he can swim very well.4.Tom sat _(在的前部) the bus while his sister sat _(在的后部) the bus.5.Is Boris _(

10、来自) a European country?Yes. He is German.考点三：方式介词by, through, in, withby和through 都表示“通过方式 / 方法”；in表示“使用(某种语言)或以某种方式安排事情”；with表示“用(身体部位或某种具体的工具)，使用”。【考例链接】 单项选择( )1.This story is _ simple English. My little sister can read it.A. forB. inC. withD. by( )2.You can improve your English _ listening to Eng

11、lish songs.A. byB. withC. forD. in( )3.Students here often do physics experiments _ small groups.A. byB. inC. forD. at考点四：其他介词1. including, besides, exceptincluding 包含，包括besides 除了之外(还有)except 除了之外(不包括)2. with, withoutwith和在一起；具有(品质、特征等)；带有；随着without 没有3. for, against, behindfor 支持 against反对behind支持

12、，赞成，做的后盾注意：for 还可以表示价格和目的；against还可以表示“倚，靠，碰，撞”。4. for, to一些动词可带双宾语，当先说直接宾语(表物)时，间接宾语(表人)前可以用 for，也可以用 to。与for搭配的有 buy / make / cook / order / choose / provide等；与to搭配的有give / send / lend / pass / tell / show / offer / hand / throw等。5. for, of可用于句型“It is+adj.+ for / of sb. to do sth.”中。for sb.中的sb.是动

13、词不定式的逻辑主语，如It is dangerous for an old man to run fast. = For an old man, to run fast is dangerous.当作表语的形容词能修饰人时，才用of引出动词不定式的逻辑主语，这类形容词有kind, nice, good, careful, careless, crazy, foolish, wise, rude, impolite, brave等，如It is kind of you to help us. = You are kind to help us.【考例链接】 单项选择( )1.I think te

14、a will taste better _ some milk in it.A. forB. withC. fromD. at( )2.Ben was helping his mother when the rain began to beat heavily _ the windows.A. againstB. acrossC. aboveD. below( )3.Its very important _ us to make a plan before a new term begins.A. ofB. withC. byD. for( )4.I want to learn a secon

15、d foreign language _ English.A. exceptB. besideC. besidesD. except for( )5.In the world, more than 30% of schools do not provide safe drinking water _ about 570 million children.A. withB. forC. towards( )6.To my great joy, my family is always _ me whatever I decide to do.A. behindB. toC. fromD. agai

16、nst考点五：固定搭配介词在实际使用中常常与其他词构成固定搭配，需要大家随时积累并熟记。【考例链接】 完成句子1.我爸爸此刻还在工作。My father is still _ _ at the moment.2.“怎么啦?”他惊讶地问。“What happened?” he asked _ _. 3.这位老师对学生很有一套。The teacher is very _ _ students. 4.别灰心，生活充满了惊喜和希望。Dont lose heart. Life is _ _ surprise and hope. 5.这群年轻人对知识充满渴望。This group of young men

17、 _ knowledge. 6.我们必须及时上交作业。We must _ _ our homework in time. 7.面对困难时如果你不放弃，你就应该为自己感到骄傲。If you never give up when in trouble, you should be _ _ yourself. 8.这首歌听起来很甜美，使我想起美好的童年。This song sounds sweet that it _ me _ my wonderful childhood.参考答案考点一： 1-5 CDCBB 6-8 CAD考点二：. 1-5 CDAAC. 1. behind 2. below 3. near / by / beside 4. in the front of; at the back of 5. from考点三： 1-3 BAB考点四： 1-6 BADCBA考点五：1. at work 2. in surprise 3. good with 4. filled with / full of 5. are thirsty for 6. hand in 7. proud of 8. reminds; of