高中英语语法被动语态讲义.docx

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1、高中英语语法精讲:被动语态主要知识归纳及巩固练习1.被动语态的构成与用法英语的语态有主动语态和被动语态两种。决定动词用主动语态还是被动语态主要看动词和主语的关系。如果主语是动作的执行者，也就是说它们是主动关系，此时动词用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，也就是说它们是被动关系，此时动词则用被动语态。英语的被动语态由“助动词be过去分词”构成，其中be有时态、人称和数的变化。如：English is taught in most schools.大多数学校都教英语。The children are not allowed (permitted) to play on the grass.孩子们不

2、允许在草地上玩耍。After the accident, the injured were taken to hospital.事故发生之后受伤的人被送往医院急救。2.九种时态的被动语态各种时态的被动语态被动语态的构成be过去分词1一般现在时的被动语态am / is / are过去分词2一般过去时的被动语态was / were过去分词3现在进行时的被动语态am / is / are +being过去分词4过去进行时的被动语态was / were +being过去分词5现在完成时的被动语态have / has been过去分词6过去完成时的被动语态had been过去分词7将来完成时的被动语态w

3、ill / shall have been过去分词8一般将来时的被动语态will / shall be过去分词9过去将来时的被动语态would / should be过去分词请看以下用例：We are given a lot of homework to do.我们有很多作业要做。They were given a warm send-off.他们受到热烈的欢送。I think we are being followed.我想有人在跟踪我们。They told me that the case was being investigated.他们告诉我案子正在调查。The documents f

4、or which they were searching have been recovered.他们找寻的文件已找到了。He asked if Mary had been sent to hospital.他问玛丽是否已被送进医院。Check carefully, so any mistakes will be caught.仔细检查一遍，把所有错误都找出来。He knew he would be punished for it.他知道他会为此受到惩罚。3.含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的被动语态由“情态动词be过去分词”构成。如：You might be asked to speak

5、at the meeting.可能请你在会上发言。Whenever (they are) known, such facts should be reported.这类情况一旦发现就要报告。All the above items can be obtained from our office.所有上述资料可向我们办公室索取。Something must be done to stop these accidents.必须采取某种措施以防止这些事故。These books may be appreciated better by older children.年龄稍大的孩子可能更会欣赏这些书。4

6、.短语动词的被动语态“动词介词或副词”构成的短语动词，以及“动词名词介词”构成的短语动词，在被动语态中不要漏掉后面的介词或副词。如：Good use is made of the library.这图书馆的利用率很高。A man who is much talked about is always very attractive.被人谈论多的人经常是很有吸引力的人。Many interesting experiments are carried out in our laboratory.我们实验室做了许多有趣的实验。5.关于“get+过去分词”在英语口语中，有时可用“get+过去分词”构成被

7、动语态。如：I got dressed as quickly as l could.我尽快穿上衣服。I wasnt surprised she get elected after all the efforts she made.她尽了一切力量之后，当选了，这不使我感到奇怪。We got delayed because of the holiday traffic.因为节日交通阻塞，所以我们被耽误了。I tried to find my way roundLondonwithout a map and got lost.我试图不带地图在伦敦寻路，结果迷路了。注：这样结构比较常见的搭配有geta

8、rrested,getcaught,getconfused,getdelayed,getdivorced,getdressed,getdrowned,getdrunk,getelected,getengaged,gethit,getkilled,getlost,getmarried,getstuck等。被动语态考点精练(附详解)1.All the employees except the manager _ to work online at home.A.encouragesB.encourageC.is encouragedD.are encouraged2.The window is d

9、irty.I know. It _ for weeks.A.hasnt cleanedB.didnt cleanC.wasnt cleanedD.hasnt been cleaned3.More patients _ in hospital this year than last year.A.treatedB.have treatedC.had been treatedD.have been treated4.According to the art dealer, the painting _to go for at least a million dollars.A.is expecte

10、dB.expectsC.expectedD.is expecting5.George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to the wedding?No, I _. Did they have a big wedding?A.was not invitedB.have not been invitedC.hadnt been invitedD.didnt invite6.The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people _to eat more

11、 fruit and vegetables.A.persuadeB.will persuadeC.be persuadedD.are persuaded7.The heros story _differently in the newspapers.A.was reportedB.was reportingC.reportsD.reported8.Millions of pounds worth of damage _by a storm which swept across the north ofEnglandlast night.A.has been causedB.had been c

12、ausedC.will causedD.will have been caused9.More than a dozen students in that school _abroad to study medicine last year.A.sentB.were sentC.had sentD.had been sent10.With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth _each year.A.is washing awayB.is being washing awayC.are washing away

13、D.are being washed away11.Why did you leave that position?I _a better position at IBM.A.offerB.offeredC.am offeredD.was offered12.Although the causes of cancer _, we do not yet have any practical way to prevent it.A.are being uncoveredB.have been uncoveringC.are uncoveringD.have uncovered13.The cons

14、truction of the two new railway lines _ by now.A.has completedB.have completedC.have been completedD.has been completed14.Customers are asked to make sure that they_the right change before leaving the shop.A.will giveB.have been givenC.have givenD.will be given15.Mr. Green stood up in defence of the

15、 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one _.A.blamedB.blamingC.to blameD.to be blamed【答案详解】1.D。句子的主语是all the employees(复数)，而不是the manager，排除答案A和C；又根据encourage sb to do sth这一句式可知all the employees与encourage是被动关系，要用被动语态，排除B。2.D。由is dirty和for weeks可知，此处要用现在完成时态，排除B和C；又因为It (=The window)与clean是被动关

16、系，要用被动语态，所以选D。3.D。因为patients与treat是被动关系，谓语要用被动语态，排除A和B；this year (今年)应当包括现在在内，所以要用现在完成时，所以选D。4.A。因为the painting与expect (预料、估计)是被动关系，要用被动语态，被动语态由“be+过去分词”构成，所以只有A正确。5.C。因为I与invite是被动关系，要用被动语态，又因为邀请应当发生在结婚之前，got married是过去，invite就该是过去的过去，所以用过去完成时的被动语态，只有C正确。6.D。因为“劝某人做某事”的英语表达是persuade sb to do sth，显然

17、people与persuade是被动关系，应该用被动语态，排除A和B。又因为主语是一般将来时，条件句中用一般现在时，所以选D。7.A。“那个英雄的事迹”与“报道”是被动关系，用被动语态。8.A。由过去式swept和last night可知，要用过去时态，排除选项C和D；此处没一个相比较的过去时间或动作来说明是“过去的过去”，不用过去完成时，排除选项B；只有选项A正确，这里用现在完成时强调昨天晚上的这场瀑风雨所造成的影响现在依然存在。9.B。因为students与send是被动关系，排除选项A和C；因last year常与一般过时连用，排除选项C。10.D。因quantities of作主语，谓

18、语动词用复数，排除选项A和B；good earth(沃土)与wash away(冲走)是被动关系，排除选项C。11.D。因为是“我”“被提供”职位，“我”才离开了原来的那个职位，所以用被动语态；由问句中的did可知，此处也用一般过去时。12.A。“癌症的原因”应该是“被”揭开，故应用被动语态；另外，从句意上看，此处应用现在进行时。13.D。从句意上看，“铁路线”的建设应该是“被”完成，故要用被动语态；再根据句末的by now可知，此处应用现在完成时。14.B。从句意上看，“零钱”应该是“被”找给，故要用被动语态；再根据一般的常识，此处应用现在完成时而不是一般将来时。15.C。to blame习惯上直接用主动式表示被动意义，又如：Nobody is to blame for it.谁也不该埋怨。I must say that I am very much to blame.我得说这全怪我。学科网（北京）股份有限公司