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1、英语听说课程英语听说课程SomeTipsforYou:1.Work face to face and try to relax.2.Look your partner or group in the eye and try to overcome your shyness.3.Work together,participate actively.SomeTipsforYou:4.Be sure you are making contribution of some kind.Take on any role that comes you way.5.Follow the instruction
2、s.Dont expect the teacher to ramble on about grammar and language points.SomeTipsforYou:Open Your MouthGood Good StudyDay Day UpWith SmileAlways!Doyouknow?“tospeakanylanguageapersonmustknownearly_%ofitsphonetics,whileonly_%ofitsgrammarand_%ofthevocabularymaybesufficient.”A.1%B.5090C.100Doyouhave?1平翘
3、舌不分:如this读成Dis,orange读成oranZe。2清辅音浊化并拉长:如Stop读成Stoper,如IthinkIhavecometothepointthat变成了“IThinKERIhaDERcoMMMetothepoinTERthaTER”。DoYouHave?3t与d加u音:如China读成Chuainer。Change读成Chuenj,典型特点是嘴撅得老高。4r与;把r都读成l,如threethlui;而LittleLittOUOHH,后面的L读,而这个在发音时只要把舌尖轻轻顶上去就行了,而许多人总是把舌尖向后卷起。5双元音发音不到位,不饱满:典型的就是Iai读成e,time
4、读成tem。English PhoneticsChapterIIntroductionPhonetic Transcription Letters:There are 26 letters in English.Among them,we have 5 vowel letters and 21 consonant letters.5 vowel letters:a,e,i,o,u2.Phonemes:Each English letter can have one or more than one pronunciations,so there are 44 phonemes.Vowels英语
5、中元音发音是由英语中元音发音是由口腔、舌头、腭部口腔、舌头、腭部(包括(包括软腭和硬腭)软腭和硬腭)活动活动,共同构成气流通道产生共,共同构成气流通道产生共鸣而发出的。元音发音时气流鸣而发出的。元音发音时气流不受任何阻碍不受任何阻碍,同时同时声带振动声带振动,所以发音响亮,且有较长的时,所以发音响亮,且有较长的时间延续;间延续;元音分为两类,元音分为两类,单元音和双元音单元音和双元音,而根据发音,而根据发音时舌头活动的部位单元音又可以分为三类:时舌头活动的部位单元音又可以分为三类:前前元音,中元音和后元音。元音,中元音和后元音。TheFrontVowels(前元音)i:ieAi:发音要决:发音
6、要决:发音时,嘴唇向两边伸展,两齿稍稍分开。同时舌前部向硬腭尽量抬起,但并不接触硬腭,所以并不产生摩擦。舌尖接触下齿。单词训练:单词训练:bean(豆子)clean(干净)eat(吃)feed(喂食)Greek(希腊人)green(绿色)read(阅读)sheet(床单)speak 重要句型:重要句型:Seeing is believing.眼见为实。眼见为实。Its my treat today.今天我请客。今天我请客。Please see me in three weeks.请在三星期之内来见我。请在三星期之内来见我。TheFrontVowels(前元音)i:ieA2i发音要决:发音要决:
7、唇部扁平,但没有发i:的时候那么伸展,且口形稍大。舌前部稍向硬腭抬起,但趋势不能太强,舌位稍低、稍后。单词训练:单词训练:big(大的)bin(箱、仓)building(建筑)chip(芯片fish(鱼)hill(小山)Jim(吉姆,男名)lid(盖子)pig(猪)sit(坐)Tim(蒂姆,男名)will(将要)重要句型:重要句型:Does it fit?合适吗合适吗?You are kidding!你在开玩笑吧你在开玩笑吧!I am now in the middle of nowhere.我现在在荒郊野外我现在在荒郊野外。TheFrontVowels(前元音)i:ieA3e发音要决:发音要
8、决:口形扁平,上下齿之间约能伸进自己的食指尖。舌尖抵住下齿,舌前部有微微上抬的趋势,但是没有 i 那么明显。单词训练:单词训练:bed(床)bet(打赌)check(检查)egg(鸡蛋)get(得到)head(头)jet(喷射)friend(朋友)letter(信件)pet(宠物)second(第二)重要句型:重要句型:You bet it.你是对的。(我同意你的话你是对的。(我同意你的话。)。)East and west,home is the best.金窝银窝,不如自己的草窝金窝银窝,不如自己的草窝。Better late than never.迟到也比没有好。迟到也比没有好。TheFr
9、ontVowels(前元音)i:ieAA发音要决:发音要决:发音时,舌尖轻轻抵住下齿,双唇向两边平伸,成扁平状,口形张到可以容下自己的中指和食指尖。这个音是四个前元音中舌位最低、口形最大的前元音。单词训练:单词训练:bad(坏的)batman(蝙蝠侠)matter(事情)blanket(毯子)canal(运河)gap(鸿沟)hammer(锤子)jacket(夹克)重要句型:重要句型:Thanks a lot!多谢!多谢!Ill catch you later.回头再找你。回头再找你。Pack the baggage in the back of the taxi.在出租车的后座收拾行李。在出租
10、车的后座收拾行李。TheCentralVowels(中元音)QE:EQ 发音要决:发音要决:双唇向两边伸张,稍扁,嘴半张,舌身平放口中,口腔肌肉较放松,发短音。单词训练:单词训练:cut(切割)bug(虫子、窃听器)done(完成)gum(树胶)hunt(打猎)luck(运气)one(一个)month(月份)money(钱)son(儿子)tub(池子)重要句型:重要句型:But me no buts!别老跟我别老跟我“但是但是”“但是但是”的(没什么好说的了的(没什么好说的了!)!)This is a two-thumbs-up movie!这是一部难得的佳片这是一部难得的佳片!Well be
11、gun is half done.好的开始是成功的一半。好的开始是成功的一半。TheCentralVowels(中元音)QE:E6E发音要决:发音要决:嘴半张,舌身平放口中,口腔肌肉较放松,发短音。这个元音和我们汉语中“么”、“得”、“了”的韵母相似,但是注意没有汉语的“饿”发音时那么用力。是英语中最短最轻的一个元音,用在非重读音节中。单词训练:单词训练:forget(忘记)polite(礼貌)dollar(美元)paper(纸)famous(著名的)labour(劳动)TheCentralVowels(中元音)QE:E7E:发发音音要要决决:舌中部略略隆起,比发E时较高,双唇中常稍扁,近乎半
12、合,只出现在重读音节。单词训练:单词训练:bird(鸟)Burma(缅甸)clerk(职员)dirty(脏的)earn(赚得)herb(草药)heard(听见)hurt(伤、痛)search(寻找)term(学期)重要句型:重要句型:The early bird catches the worm.早起的鸟儿有虫吃。(捷足先登。早起的鸟儿有虫吃。(捷足先登。)He is never nervous in front of girls.在女孩子面前他从不紧张在女孩子面前他从不紧张。Her name is Shirley.她的名字叫雪莉她的名字叫雪莉。TheBackVowels(后元音)B:R:Cu
13、:u8B:发发音音要要决决:口腔纵向打开,舌尖轻轻抵住下齿,发音时舌头平躺在口腔下部,而且舌中部微微下凹,牙床完全打开。单词训练:单词训练:bar(横木)calm(平静的)Chicago(芝加哥)farm(农场)father(父亲)palm(掌心,棕榈)park(公园)tar(柏油)重要句型:重要句型:I cant pass the maths exam.数学考试我通不过了数学考试我通不过了。Ask it to bark,Margaret.让它叫阿。让它叫阿。TheBackVowels(后元音)B:R:Cu:u9C 发音要决:发音要决:后舌微微抬起,双唇收圆,牙床全开。区别B:发的是圆唇音,而
14、:发的是扁唇音。单词训练:单词训练:bottle(瓶子)cop(警察)fox(狐狸)God(上帝)job(工作)hot(热)hospital(医院)knock(敲击)odd(古怪的)sock(袜子)Tom(汤姆,男名)want(想要)在在boss,dog,lost,watch,在美音中许多人发音时仍偏向英音中的在美音中许多人发音时仍偏向英音中的。重要句型:重要句型:She dropped the bottle of water.她把这瓶水给她把这瓶水给洒了洒了。Oh,my Gosh!我的天呀!我的天呀!TheBackVowels(后元音)B:R:Cu:u10C:发发音音要要决决:张口度不要太大
15、,牙床半开双唇收圆,后舌抬起,感觉口腔里可以含一个鸡蛋。单词训练:单词训练:all(全部)awful(糟糕的)call(打电话)caught(抓住)corn(玉米)dawn(黄昏)Lord(上帝)more(更多的)north(北方)pork(猪肉)small(小的)重要句型:重要句型:Oh,its all my fault!这全是我的错!这全是我的错!Oh,my Gosh!我的天呀!我的天呀!I dont want any pause during my talk.我不希望讲话有所中断。我不希望讲话有所中断。TheBackVowels(后元音)B:R:Cu:u11u 发音要决:发音要决:牙床半
16、合,双唇收圆,稍向前突出。单词训练:单词训练:hook(钩子)cookfullputwolf(狼)womanshouldcouldgoodlook 重要句型:重要句型:the good-looking woman Dont push and pull.别又推又拉。别又推又拉。I would if I could.如果我能够,我会去做的。如果我能够,我会去做的。TheBackVowels(后元音)B:R:Cu:u12u:发发音音要要决决:牙床近于合,双唇较u u收得更圆更小,合圆唇向前突出。舌后部向软腭抬起,口腔肌肉始终保持紧张的状态。是四个后元音中口形最小最紧的一个音。单词训练:单词训练:bl
17、ue(蓝色)boot(靴子)cool(凉爽的)due(到期)food(食物)goose(鹅)grew(成长)moon(月亮)new(新的)noon(正午)root(根)rule(统治)重要句型:重要句型:Its too good to be true.这这太好了,太好了,简简直不能相信!直不能相信!No news is good news.没有消息就是好消息。没有消息就是好消息。LetsHaveaTry!AtnoonItookagoodbookAndsatbythepoolinthewood.Isoontookoffmyboot.Andputmyfootinthepool.Oh!Howcool
18、,howcool.LetsHaveaTry!Bettyboughtabitofbutter.“But,”saidshe,“thisbutterisbitter.IfIputitinmybatter(奶油面糊),Itwillmakemybatterbitter.”Sosheboughtsomebetterbutter,Betterthanthebitterbutter,Anditmadeherbitterbatterbetter.The Diphthong(双元音双元音)发音时,从一个元音滑动到另一个元音,整个听起来浑然一体,就像一个长的单元音,但是又不能把两个因素发得相同音值;我们强调,单元音
19、发音的时候口形是保持不动的,但是双元音发音口形舌位要随之变化随之变化。这是两者的根本区别。要点:滑动、前重后轻、前长后短要点:滑动、前重后轻、前长后短The Diphthong(双元音双元音)TheClosingDiphthongs(合口双元音)ei ai Ciau Eu TheCentringDiphthongs(集中双元音)iE ZE uE eicake,they,play,eight,great,aibike,neither,light,try,height,Ciboy,oilauhouse,townEuphone,cold,boat,soul,growiEdear,idea,deer,
20、here,ZEpear,care,there,fairuEtour,poor,Mikehasakite.Mikelikestoflythekite.Up,up,flieshiskite.Thekiteflieshighupintothesky.“Whatabeautifulsight!”,saidMike.ItisgoingtobenightandTheskywillnolongerbebright.So,Mikepullsdownhiskite.IlovemykitesaysMike.i-eighy辅音辅音consonantConsonant:anyofthespeechsoundmadeb
21、ypartlyorcompletelystoppingtheflowofairasitgoesthroughthemouth.辅音发音不响亮;口腔中气流受到阻碍;不是构成音节的主要音。英语中有24辅音。PhonemesThe Consonants(辅音辅音)ThePlosiveConsonants(爆破音)p b t d kgTheFricativeConsonants(摩擦音)f v s z WT FF V h rTheAffricateConsonants(破擦音)tFF dV TheNasalConsonants(鼻音)m n NTheLateralConsonants(舌侧音)lThe
22、PlosiveConsonants(爆破音)p b t d kgp 双唇音,双唇紧闭;送气有力,清音双唇音,双唇紧闭;送气有力,清音 拿一张纸放在面前,纸会颤动,不响亮,远处听不见拿一张纸放在面前,纸会颤动,不响亮,远处听不见b 相同,但词尾很轻,不如送气有力,浊音相同,但词尾很轻,不如送气有力,浊音Haveyougotapeninyourbag,orapaininyourback?Ivegotapeninmybag,Andhesgotapaininhisback.t 齿槽音,舌端抵齿槽,从口腔冲出,送气有力,清音齿槽音,舌端抵齿槽,从口腔冲出,送气有力,清音 清脆有力,不可放在上门齿清脆有力
23、,不可放在上门齿d 同上。浊音同上。浊音timedimeseatseedwriteridebrightbridek 后舌音,后舌隆起;气流从喉咙口冲出,爆破音;清音后舌音,后舌隆起;气流从喉咙口冲出,爆破音;清音g 同上;浊音同上;浊音TheFricativeConsonants(摩擦音)f v s z WT FF V h r发音方法:部分阻碍,摩擦成音发音方法:部分阻碍,摩擦成音f v:上齿放在下唇内侧WT:舌尖轻贴上齿下沿s z:舌尖靠近上齿龈FF V:舌端靠近上齿龈,舌前向硬腭抬起 双唇略突出h:声门放开r:舌尖卷起,抬向上齿龈后部TheAffricateConsonants(破擦音)t
24、FF dV 发音方法:完全阻碍部分阻碍 发音部位:舌摆好 t d 部位,气流冲出变为 FF V 的部位TheNasalConsonants(鼻音)m n Nm双唇音,发音位置与pb相同;气流从鼻腔通过,鼻音;浊音;双唇始终紧闭n齿槽音,舌端抵齿槽,与t相同;气流从鼻腔通过,鼻音;浊音;不可闭双唇 N后舌音,后舌隆起;与kg相同;气流从鼻腔通过,鼻音;浊音nN区别:主要是舌位。普通话中的“镇”,与“英”TheLateralConsonants(舌侧音)ll齿槽音,舌端抵齿槽,与tdn相同;气流从舌的两旁空隙处流过,旁流音;浊音避免混淆:将鼻子捏住,不让气流从鼻腔出来,避免发成nSemi-Vowe
25、l(半元音)wj发音要领:具有元音特点,基本无音长LetsHaveaTry!name lame nine line night light snacks slacksNina likes lilacs紫丁香紫丁香,淡紫色淡紫色Ninas lilacs are lovelier than Nellys.Nelly has nice long legs.Nellys legs are longer than Ninas.LetsHaveaTry!thin thing win wing ran rang fan fang the skating rink 溜冰场溜冰场the stinking sin
26、k 臭水池臭水池the missing linkthe singing lessonLetsHaveaTry!/r/&/l/creamcleangreengleamprayplaybragblackcrimeclimegrowglowpraiseplacebroombloomriceliceroaredlordLetsHaveaTry!/s/&/sinkthinksortthoughtmissmythmassmath/s/&/sameshamesignshinegasgashplusplushLetsHaveaTry!/w/&/v/Victorswifeisawonderfulwoman.He
27、rsmileiswarm.Hervoiceissweet.Andsheplaystheviolinverywell.LetsHaveaTry!/i/&/e/hidheadnickneckpickpeckfillfelllitletwitwetbitterbetterlitterletter/&/hadhidesadsidehandhinddamdimefannedfindmatmightlaxlikespappipesLetsHaveaTry!/ei/&/e/datedebtlateletlacelesstailtell/ei/&/i:/mailmealpalepeelgraingreengr
28、eatgreetLetsHaveaTry!/&/foxforksbombbornstockstorkcotcourt/u/&/u:/fullfoolpullpoollookLuckLetsHaveaTry!/&/a:/cutcartfussfarcegruntgrantmustermaster/&/underAndesstunnedstandrumblerambleflutterflatter连读:自然滑动,一气呵成1.在同一意群中:前一个词的词尾是辅音,后一个词的词尾是元音,那么这两个音可以连读Itstimetoget-up.Whatsinthesecups?take-alook-at-it
29、连读2.在同一意群中:如果前一个词以元音结尾,后一个词以元音开头,往往两个音连读(后一个音弱化或不发音)I-amateacher.连读3本来在词尾不发音的r或re,出现在词组或句子中时,如后面的单词是以元音开头,那么这个r发辅音r,并和后面的元音连读。Itisfor-usstudents.Far-away.Letshaveatry!1.Notatall.2.Isitonabusyroad?3.Wouldyouliketogoforawalk?4.Wontyousitdownandhaveacupoftea?5.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.6.Artislong,
30、lifeisshort.7.Agoodbeginningmakesagoodending.8.Letshaveaparty.9.CanIspeaktoDrJones,please?10.Ihavealotoftroublewithspelling.必须在同一意群内进行!必须在同一意群内进行!Shallwemeetateighttonightortenoclocktomorrow?ShallwemeetatthegateifitisOK?Listen&Read1.Notatall.2.Isitonabusyroad?3.Wouldyouliketogoforawalk?4.Wontyousitd
31、ownandhaveacupoftea?5.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.6.Artislong,lifeisshort.7.Agoodbeginningmakesagoodending.8.Letshaveaparty.9.CanIspeaktoDrJones,please?10.Ihavealotoftroublewithspelling.特殊读音特殊读音音的同化:两个特殊的音碰到一起,会发出变异成特殊的音。例如:Wouldyoudoit?Iamgladtomeetyou.Cantyouseeit?lastyear,thisyear,特殊读音特殊读音失去爆破:
32、前一个音有停顿,无爆破有停顿,无爆破后一个音要爆破,要发音要爆破,要发音1)辅音爆破音p b t d kg其中的任何两个音相邻时,前面的音要失去爆破。eg:doctor,blackboard,goodgirl,Tedhasabadcoldtoday.IdontbelievethatBobbyisabadboy.2)爆破音后出现摩擦音或破擦音时,前一音不完全爆破,可听见极轻微的爆破声;absent,box,picture,abigchange,aredshirtHaveyoureadthebookaboutthatchild?3)td在mnl的前面时,受影响发生鼻化、旁流等现象friendly,
33、midnightIdontknow!Goodmorning!Letmehelpyouliftthatmetalbox.1.Stopdoingthat.2.Seeyouaboutfour,then.3.CanMr.Taylorhelpme?4.DoesMr.BlackspeakJapanese?5.SometimesImakemistakesinspelling.6.Thisisntthefirsttime.7.Icantunderstandthisword.8.Thehouseisinagoodcondition.9.Haveyougotlotsofinformationabouttravel
34、?10.Idontthinkmyhusbandwouldletmedothat.Answereibi:si:di:i:efdVi:eitFaidVeikeielemenEupi:kju:B:(r)esti:ju:vi:dQblju:ekswaizi:/zedDialogue1Listentothethedialogueandfillintheblankswiththewordsyouhear.Ilivein_,butIamnot_.MayI_?_.MynameisAmyBrown.Nice_,too.Basic Structures:ImfromSoyouarefrom?MayI.?Usefu
35、l expressionHello!Whereareyoufrom?MayIknowyourname?Sure.Andyou.Nicetomeetyou.Basice structuresAreyoua.?Imnot(doing)Youre,arentyou?Howdoyoulike?Useful expressionsHowdoyoudo.Imgladtoknowyou.Nicetalkingtoyou.Seeyoutomorrow.Goodbye.OralpracticeDirections:work in pairs and respond to the following.MayIknowyourname?Cold,isntit?Whatdoyoudo?Whatareyoustudying/teaching?Wouldyoulikeacoffee?Directions:make a dialogue by using the expressions as possible.OldFriendsMeetListentothepassage,trytoretellthestory.
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