全新版大学英语(第三册)第二版电子教案Unit8.ppt

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1、全新版大学英全新版大学英语(第三册第三册)第二版第二版电子子教案教案Unit8B R _ English Song _ mainBackground InformationHwang Woo-SukStemagenCloningDollyB R _ Questions and Answers 1Cloning Gene cloningReproductive cloningTherapeutic cloningTypes of CloningCreationIt creates copies of genes or segments of DNA.It creates copies of wh

2、ole animals.It creates embryonic stem cells.G R _ True or False 1Table Completion Reproductive cloning VS Therapeutic cloning PurposeEffectsReproductive cloningThe majority of reproductive clones are abnormal,with very high miscarriage rates,very high stillbirth rates,fetal anomalies,death soon afte

3、r birth,etc.To create an exact copy of an animal or human that already exists or has existedG R _ True or False 3PurposeEffectsTherapeutic cloningTo harvest embryonic stem cells for use in medical treatmentsTherapeutic cloning does not involve any type of risk to human life and actually provides tre

4、mendous potential for the relief of suffering in human beings.B R _ Definition 1Hwang Woo-Suk a South Korean researcher a professor of theriogenology and biotechnology at Seoul National University(dismissed on March 20,2006)infamous for fabricating a series of experiments in the field of stem cell r

5、esearchB R _ Definition 2 Hwang Woo-Suk was considered one of the pioneering experts in the field of stem cell research until November 2005,best known for two articles published in the journal Science in 2004 and 2005 where he fraudulently reported to have succeeded in creating human embryonic stem

6、cells by cloning.Both papers were later retracted after they were found to contain a large amount of fabricated data.B R _ Definition 3Stemagen a corporation headed by Dr.Samuel Wood notable for cloning adult skin cells.B R _ Definition 4DollyAddressed as:Dolly:July 5,1996 February 14,2003Remarkable

7、 for:Cloned by:Cloned in:The worlds most famous sheep.Being the first mammal to be cloned from an adult somatic cell.Ian Wilmut,Keith Campbell and colleagues.Edinburgh,Scotland.B R _ Definition 5G R _ Part Division of the TextPartsMain Ideas The writer tells about his attitude towards criticisms aga

8、inst using embryos for scientific research.32427Para(s)1 I was extremely close with my mother all my life.She was a brilliant educator,writer and wonderful woman.Sadly,she developed complications related to diabetes.When she lost her eyesight and most ofof her ability to walk,it was absolutely horri

9、fying for me.She passed away from a fall seven or eight years ago.At her funeral,I swore that one day Id do something about conditions like hers.D R _ Text 1HUMAN CLONING:A SCIENTISTS STORYDr.Samuel Wood via interviewD R _ Sentence 2 _ Sadly,she 不幸的是，她患上了糖尿病引起的并发症。当她丧失视不幸的是，她患上了糖尿病引起的并发症。当她丧失视力和大部分行

10、走能力时，我惊恐万状。力和大部分行走能力时，我惊恐万状。1.What does“complications”specifically refer to?It refers to the diseases derived from diabetes,like the loss of eyesight and being unable to move.Sadly,she developed complications related to diabetes.When she lost her eyesight and most of her ability to walk,it was absol

11、utely horrifying for me.2.Translate the sentences into Chinese.2 Years passed and I read about the work the South Koreans had done with stem cells.In 2004 and 2005 Hwang Woo-Suk fraudulently reported that he had succeeded in creating human embryonic stem cells by cloning.3 Back then it wasnt known i

12、t was a fraud,so it was very exciting to think that a long list of diseases could be treated.4 I founded the stem cell research company Stemagen with another gentleman whose father had died of ALS.We went out for drinks one night and we started talking about our parents.We wanted to do something tha

13、t would be a legacy for them.D R _ Text 2D R _ Sentence 2 _ I founded the stem cell What is in common between the two founders?They both lost their parent to a terrible disease.I founded the stem cell research company Stemagen with another gentleman whose father had died of ALS.Part Division of the

14、TextPartsPara(s)Main Ideas 114The writer relates under what circumstances the stem cell research company Stemagen was set up.2523The writer gives an account of their research efforts toward the goal of creating lines of embryonic stem cells using a process known as therapeutic cloning.For Better Or

15、Worse?D R _ Text 3 5 The moment we decided to start Stemagen,I read all there was to read about the various cloning efforts in the past.The cloned sheep Dolly in 1997 wasvery interesting,but at that stage people were not focusing on the stem cell aspect of cloning;they were focusing on the reproduct

16、ive possibilities of cloning.6 Human reproductive cloning is just simply wrong ethically from a medical standpoint and a scientific standpoint,even ignoring any religious issues associated with it.The reason is that the majority of reproductive clones in other species are actually abnormal,with very

17、 high miscarriage rates,very high stillbirth rates,fetal anomalies,death soon after birth,et cetera.7 It would just be absolutely wrong to take a human being and put them through what may well involve significant suffering for really no good end.Even though people could take the techniques that weve

18、 developed and attempt to do it(or perhaps even be successful doing it),we hope that they would not.D R _ Text 4D R _ Sentence 3 _ It would just be It would just be absolutely wrong to take a human being and put them through what may well involve significant suffering for really no good end.1.What i

19、s the real subject of the sentence?“to take a human being and put them through what may well involve significant suffering for really no good end”.2.What is Dr.Wood talking about?Hes talking about the terrible aspects of reproductive cloning.8 8On the other hand,therapeutic cloning does not involve

20、any type of risk to human life and actually provides tremendous potential for the relief of suffering in real human beings who are going through some awful things.9 Im a pure scientist in some ways,and I know that many different studies or findings could be used for evil.Our job as scientists is to

21、make the most of this technology and make it available to the greatest number of other scientists who can help us do good things with it.Theres really no effective way for an individual scientist to stop someone else from using the knowledge for something they shouldnt.D R _ Text 5D R _ On the other

22、 hand1.What are“some awful things”?Terrible pain generated by diseases.On the other hand,therapeutic cloning does not involve any type of risk to human life and actually provides tremendous potential for the relief of suffering in real human beings who are going through some awful things.2.What is D

23、r.Woods attitude towards therapeutic cloning?He holds a positive attitude towards it.D R _ Sentence 7 _ Theres really no effective Theres really no effective way for an individual scientist to stop someone else from using the knowledge for something they shouldnt.1.What does“something they shouldnt”

24、mean?It means human reproductive cloning.2.According to Dr.Wood,is it possible to stop human reproductive cloning?No.He honestly thinks that someone will attempt human reproductive cloning and there is no way to stop it.10 We need to be honest about the techniques that we used.They need to be able t

25、o be replicated by other people,and so,we are providing a roadmap.I would hope that the legislation thats in place and the great public disapproval that would result from any attempt to clone a human would dissuade anyone from going down that path.11What is it they say?There is no technology that ha

26、snt been used for some evil purpose at some point.Quite honestly I do think that someone will attempt human reproductive cloning.I do think its inevitable,and its virtually impossible to legislate that away.D R _ Text 6D R _ Sentence 8 _ I would hope that the 1.Paraphrase“legislation thats in place”

27、.Appropriate legislation.I would hope that the legislation thats in place and the great public disapproval that would result from any attempt to clone a human would dissuade anyone from going down that path.2.What is the public against?The public is against the attempt to clone a human.12 I am spoke

28、n of as the first man to“clone himself.”There are different types of cloning.At the cellular level,yes,its true I am the first man to clone himself.We thought a great deal about how to dealwith the issue of whose cells we should use and whether we should let the world and the scientific community kn

29、ow who the first cellular clone was.13 In the end we decided that we wanted to put a human face on cloning.D R _ Text 7Claim to Fame 14 I didnt anticipate it would create the firestorm of controversy that its created,but Im still glad we went down that path.We received thousands of e-mails and phone

30、 calls from people who need help.15 I think by coming forward and putting a face to it we made it very real,and now people around the world know that cloning is here.I believe that very soon it will be used therapeutically,so I think our purpose was served.Pure Science 16 What happens is an informed

31、 and consenting woman donates an egg and we remove her genetic material from the egg.Then we place a single skin cell inside that egg.D R _ Text 8 17 What were really interested in is creating disease-specific and person-specific stem cell lines.The procedure of taking cells from a person takes no m

32、ore than a minute or two.You can take some skin cells from the arm,for example,and in one to two minutes,you can get the cells that you need to carry out this process.18 This process enables us to study the causes of specific diseases,such as Alzheimers Disease,ALS or Parkinsons Disease,and then res

33、earch a variety of treatments for these diseases.If the stem cell lines are created for any given individual and are later transplanted back into the individual,they will not be rejected by the individual.D R _ Text 9D R _ Text 10Sweet Success 19 I always thought that when our research was successfu

34、l I would just be pleased that we had accomplished this when others had not.In reality,it is transcendenttranscendent when you look through the microscope,you see what you may have looked like a long time ago,at least in part.20 When I looked down and saw that cloned blastocyst,it brought tears to m

35、y eyes.I had done this for my mother,and I realized,had she only been able to live a few years longer,maybe we could have used this technology to help her.It was emotional to see that potential,which she never had a chance to experience.21 Theres a big misconception out there that we decided to dest

36、roy these embryos for some reason.There was so much skepticism about this process because of the scientific fraud from the past that it was critical that there be no doubt that they were clones.D R _ Text 11D R _ Text 12 22 In the process of analysis,the embryos were destroyed by necessity.In other

37、words,to get the genetic material from inside the cells to analyze it,you have to destroy the cell.We would have loved to have been able to avoid destroying them.23 Now were working full-time on creating stem cell lines,and people are watching with great interest.The Pope And The President 24 There

38、are a variety of opponents to our work.D R _ Text 13 25 We were condemned by the Vatican and mentioned in a negative light in President Bushs State of the Union address.In a sense its an honor because it shows that were doingdoing something significant.Its not every day that you get condemned by the

39、 Vatican and President Bush in the same week.26 Theres usually no dialogue between the researchers in the embryonic stem cell field and those who oppose it.D R _ Text 14 27 It doesnt make sense to me that its such an emotional and contentious topic.Logically,this is not life.I agree its a potential

40、life,but the vast majority of embryos never become life.The majority generate,dont implant and die.A fetus is a life.That argument makes sense to me,but it doesnt make sense to me to look at an embryo in a lab and give it all the rights of a human life.D R _ Sentence 8 _ In the end we decided that 1

41、.Paraphrase the sentence.In the end we decided that we wanted to put a human face on cloning.At last we decided that we wanted to associate cloning with a specific person so as to make it very real.2.Why did Dr.Wood and his research group put a human face on cloning?Because by doing so,they could ma

42、ke cloning very real so that people around the world know that cloning is coming along.D R _ Sentence 9 _ When I looked down and 1.How did Dr.Wood feel at that time?When I looked down and saw that cloned blastocyst,it brought tears to my eyes.He felt very excited and emotional.2.Why did the sight of

43、 the cloned blastocyst bring tears to his eyes?Because the research was done for his mother,and he realized that if she had only been able to live a few years longer,maybe they could have used this technology to help her.D R _ Sentence 9 _ We would have loved We would have loved to have been able to

44、 avoid destroying them.1.Whats the grammatical feature of this sentence?The subjunctive mood.2.How did Dr.Wood think about destroying them?He thought it was a pity.D R _ Sentence 9 _ It doesnt make sense It doesnt make sense to me that its such an emotional and contentious topic.1.Do people already

45、have an agreement on this topic?No.Its still disputable.2.Why does Dr.Wood argue that it doesnt make sense to make their work an emotional and contentious topic?Because he thinks that logically.According to him,an embryo is not life,although it is a potential life.The vast majority of embryos never

46、become life they just generate,dont implant and die.Many cars look alike because their makers cloned their competitors designs.D R _ word _ cloneclone:1.n.a group of genetically identical cells or organisms derived from a single cell or individual by some kind of asexual reproductionResearchers prod

47、uced clones from adult mice in 1998.2.v.make multiple identical copies ofThe debate continues over whether it is ethically right to clone a human embryo.D R _ word _ brilliant 1brilliant:adj.very intelligent;highly talented;exceptional.极聪明的，才华横溢的，非凡的。He has got brilliant achievements in the field of

48、 physics.她很有才华，但工作缺乏条理。她很有才华，但工作缺乏条理。She is brilliant but her work lacks organization.D R _ word _ brilliant 2bright,clever&brilliant这三个词都是形容词，都有这三个词都是形容词，都有“聪明的聪明的”、“才思敏捷的才思敏捷的”之意。之意。bright是普通用语，多指年轻人或小孩，常用于口语，是普通用语，多指年轻人或小孩，常用于口语，书写语言不宜多用。强调理解力强，思维非常活书写语言不宜多用。强调理解力强，思维非常活 跃，谈话与态度也活泼生动。例如：跃，谈话与态度也活

49、泼生动。例如：CF:I have among my students a number of very bright youngsters.我的学生当中有许多十分聪明的孩子。我的学生当中有许多十分聪明的孩子。D R _ word _ brilliant 3clever 更强调天生的聪颖，有较高的理解力、思维敏更强调天生的聪颖，有较高的理解力、思维敏 捷、思路灵活，接受新东西快，但不强调理解捷、思路灵活，接受新东西快，但不强调理解 得深刻全面。这个词也指灵活的双手与矫健的得深刻全面。这个词也指灵活的双手与矫健的 身躯。例如：身躯。例如：CF:It was clever of you to thi

50、nk of that.你想到了那一点，真聪明。你想到了那一点，真聪明。brilliant 指才华出众，超乎寻常的聪明，能解决各种指才华出众，超乎寻常的聪明，能解决各种 复杂问题且游刃有余，获得普遍赞赏。例如：复杂问题且游刃有余，获得普遍赞赏。例如：All his colleagues consider him a brilliant surgeon.他的同行都认为他是一位杰出的外科医生。他的同行都认为他是一位杰出的外科医生。D R _ word _ complication1)any disease or disorder that occurs during the course of(or