英语语法讲解省略及替代.ppt

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1、省略及替代省略及替代无论在口语中还是在书面语中，无论在口语中还是在书面语中，有时为了讲话简洁或行文方便，有时为了讲话简洁或行文方便，常常将句子中的某些成分略去，常常将句子中的某些成分略去，这种现象称为省略。纵观历年高这种现象称为省略。纵观历年高考试题，考试题，“省略省略”在单项填空中在单项填空中频频出现。频频出现。一、考查不定式结构中的省略一、考查不定式结构中的省略1.在同一个句子或联系紧密的对话中，在同一个句子或联系紧密的对话中，为了避免重复，作宾语或补足语的不定为了避免重复，作宾语或补足语的不定式再次出现时，不定式符号式再次出现时，不定式符号to后面的内后面的内容常常被省略，容常常被省略，

2、只保留不定式符号只保留不定式符号to。常用于动词常用于动词refuse,would like,wish,want,hope,expect,intend,plan等和形容词等和形容词afraid,happy,glad,willing,ready等以及等以及be going,need,have,used,ought等之后。等之后。原题再现原题再现Have you been to New Zealand?No,Id like to,_.（2005山东卷）山东卷）A.tooB.thoughC.yetD.eitherWhy didnt you buy the camera you had longed

3、for?I had planned to,but I was 50 _.（2005福建卷）福建卷）A.fewer B.less C.cheap D.shortWould you like to go to the Grand Theatre with me tonight?_.（1997上海卷）上海卷）A.Yes,Id like to go to the Grand TheatreB.Id like to,but I have an exam tomorrowC.No,I wontD.Thats rightThe boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the st

4、reet,but his mother told him _.(NMET1995)A.not toB.not to doC.not do itD.do not toIll be away on a business trip.Would you mind look after my cat?Not at all._.(NMET1995)A.Ive no timeB.Id rather notC.Id like itD.Id be happy to注意：注意：如果承前省略的不定式内容如果承前省略的不定式内容有有be或助动词或助动词have时，不定式符号时，不定式符号to后要保留后要保留be或或h

5、ave。如：。如：1.Are you a farmer?No,but I used to be.2.Alice is not what she used to be.3.He didnt come,but he ought to have.一、考查不定式结构中的省略一、考查不定式结构中的省略2.动词不定式符号动词不定式符号to的省略的省略主语部分有实意动词主语部分有实意动词do 的任何形式，的任何形式，is/was 之后是不定式作的表语解释之后是不定式作的表语解释do 的的内容内容The only thing you have to do is (to)press the button.作介词

6、作介词but/except/besides 的宾语，介的宾语，介词前有实意动词词前有实意动词do时时Tom has nothing to do but answer letters.一、考查不定式结构中的省略一、考查不定式结构中的省略 当两个或多个不定式并列时后面的不当两个或多个不定式并列时后面的不定式符号定式符号to可以省，但有对比关系时不可以省，但有对比关系时不能省能省Its easier to make a plan than to carry it out.不定式在不定式在see/watch/notice/hear/listen to/look at/feel/have/make/le

7、t/observe 等等有作宾语补足语时有作宾语补足语时(5)“why do sth.?”结构中不定式不带结构中不定式不带to二、考查省略替代二、考查省略替代用用it,one,that替代句子中重复出现的名替代句子中重复出现的名词、代词或句子；词、代词或句子；用用so,neither/nor引起的分句，表示前引起的分句，表示前面的情况也适用于后者。面的情况也适用于后者。原题再现原题再现I prefer a flat in Inverness to _ in Perth,because I want to live near my Mums.（2005天津卷）天津卷）A.oneB.thatC.i

8、tD.thisMary never does any reading in the evening,_.（2005全国卷全国卷）A.so does John B.John does soC.John doesnt tooD.nor does JohnIm moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than _ in the city.（2005江苏卷）江苏卷）A.ones B.one C.that D.thoseWe needed a new cupboard for the kitchen.So Peter

9、 made _ from some wood we had.(NMET2004)A.itB.oneC.himselfD.another I would never come to this restaurant again.The food is terrible!_.(NMET2004)A.Nor am IB.Neither would IC.Same with me D.So do II will never know what was on his mind at the time,nor will _.（2004江苏卷）江苏卷）A.anyoneB.anyone elseC.no one

10、D.no one else三、考查答语中的省略三、考查答语中的省略1.有时可用有时可用so或或not作替代语，替代作替代语，替代前面已表达过的意思，以避免重复前面已表达过的意思，以避免重复前面所说的内容。可用于动词前面所说的内容。可用于动词think,believe,hope,suppose,expect,guess,imagine以及以及be afraid,of course,certainly,perhaps,why等后面。等后面。原题再现原题再现Lets go to a movie after work,OK?_.（2005山东卷）山东卷）A.Not at all.B.Why not?C

11、.Never mind.D.What of it?Father,you promised!Well,_.But it was you who didnt keep your word first.（2005湖北卷）湖北卷）A.so was IB.so did IC.so I wasD.so I didWell,I do think the rabbit is a beautiful,gentle animal which can run very fast._.（2005辽宁卷）辽宁卷）A.So it isB.So is itC.So does it D.So it doesIf the we

12、ather is fine,well go.If _,_.A.not,notB.no,noC.not,noD.no,notYou havent lost the ticket,have you?_.I know its not easy to get another one at the moment.（2004江苏卷）江苏卷）A.I hope notB.Yes,I haveC.I hope soD.Yes,Im afraid soJack is a student and studies at the No.1 Middle School._.A.It is the same as Mary

13、 B.So is Mary C.So does Mary D.So it is with Mary=It is the same with Mary._三、考查答语中的省略三、考查答语中的省略2.含有情态动词的答语中可以使用省含有情态动词的答语中可以使用省略回答，只保留情态动词；情态动词略回答，只保留情态动词；情态动词后有后有be或作助动词的或作助动词的have时，保留时，保留be或或have。Lucy doesnt mind lending you her dictionary.She _.Ive already borrowed one.（2005湖南卷）湖南卷）A.cantB.mustn

14、tC.needntD.shouldntI dont mind telling you what I know.You _.Im not asking you for it.（2004江苏卷）江苏卷）A.mustntB.may notC.cantD.needntExcuse me.Is this the right way to the Summer Palace?Sorry,I am not sure.But it _ be.（2004湖北卷）湖北卷）A.might B.will C.must D.can三、三、考查答语中的省略考查答语中的省略3.疑问句中的省略回答疑问句中的省略回答原题再现原

15、题再现Susan,go and join your sister cleaning the yard.Why _?John is sitting there doing nothing.（NMET2003）A.himB.heC.I D.meWhat do you think made Mary so upset?_ her bicycle.（1997上海卷）上海卷）A.As she lostB.LostC.LosingD.Because of losing Do you mind if I open the window?_ I feel a bit cold.（2004广东卷）广东卷）A.O

16、f course not.B.Id rather you didnt.C.Go ahead.D.Why not?三、三、考查答语中的省略考查答语中的省略 4.祈使句中的省略回答祈使句中的省略回答原题再现原题再现Write to me when you get home._.（2001北京春季卷）北京春季卷）A.I mustB.I should C.I will D.I can四、考查并列句中的省略四、考查并列句中的省略两个并列分句中，后一个分句常省略两个并列分句中，后一个分句常省略与前一个分句中相同的部分与前一个分句中相同的部分。原题再现原题再现One of the sides of the

17、board should be painted yellow,and _.（2000北京春季卷）北京春季卷）A.the other is whiteB.another whiteC.the other white D.another is whiteIn some western countries,the rich are becoming richer,and _.A.the poor the poorB.poor poorC.the poor poorerD.poorer the poor五、考查状语从句中的省略五、考查状语从句中的省略1.在时间、条件、让步状语从句中，在时间、条件、让步

18、状语从句中，如果从句的主语和主句的主语相同或如果从句的主语和主句的主语相同或者是者是it，从句中谓语动词又含有，从句中谓语动词又含有be的的某一种形式时，可以省略从句中的主某一种形式时，可以省略从句中的主语和语和be。原题再现原题再现When _ help,one often says“Thank you.”or“Its very kind of you.”（2005福建卷）福建卷）A.offeringB.to offer C.to be offeredD.offeredIm sure that Lauras latest play,_ staged,will prove a great su

19、ccess.（2005上海春季卷）上海春季卷）A.since B.unless C.once D.untilWhen first _ to the market,these products enjoyed great success.（NMET2004）A.introducingB.introducedC.introduceD.being introduced_ with the size of the whole earth,the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.（2004湖北卷）湖北卷）A.CompareB.When comparingC.

20、ComparingD.When comparedThe research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it.（NMET2002）A.beginsB.having begunC.beginningD.begunThough _ money,his parents managed to send him to university.（2002上海卷）上海卷）A.lackedB.lacking ofC.lackingD.lacked in五、考查状语从句中的省略五、考查状语从句中的省略2.在比较状语从句中，常在在比

21、较状语从句中，常在as或或than引引导的分句中省略某些与主句相同的成导的分句中省略某些与主句相同的成分，有时甚至省略整个分，有时甚至省略整个as/than从句。从句。原题再现原题再现He speaks English well indeed,but of course not _ a native speaker.（2004上海卷）上海卷）A.as fluent asB.more fluent thanC.so fluently asD.much fluently thanJohn plays football _,if not better than David.（NMET1994）A.a

22、s wellB.as well asC.so wellD.so well asMy brother Joe got fired for never coming to work on time,but he soon found another job that paid _.A.twice as much asB.as twice much asC.as twice muchD.twice as much六、考查虚拟条件句中的省略六、考查虚拟条件句中的省略如果在条件句中含有如果在条件句中含有were/had/should，可将可将if省略，然后将省略，然后将 were/had/should移

23、至主语之前，构成省略倒装移至主语之前，构成省略倒装句句。原题再现原题再现_ it rain tomorrow,you would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.（1994上海卷）上海卷）A.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.Will 陷阱题1.What should I do with this passage?_the main idea of each paragraph.（2005重庆卷）重庆卷）A.Finding outB.Found outC.Find outD.To find out2.What made he

24、r struggle to become an artist so hard?_ she was a woman.A./B.WhenC.ThatD.What3.Who has eaten all the cake,Jim?Oh,_ must be your two pet dogs.A.it B.they C.that D.which4.If you are planning to spend your money having fun this week,better _ it youve got some big bills coming.A.forgetB.forgotC.forgetting D.to forget5.What made Jack so upset?I believe _ the game.It shocked him so much.A.for losingB.lostC.losingD.because of losing6.My friend Mary is _ beautiful girl and _ girl everyone likes to work with.A.a,aB.a,theC.the,aD.the,the