大学英语六级议论文写作1.ppt

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1、大学英大学英语六六级议论文写作文写作1议论文写作方法议论文写作方法提出议题，辨明自己的态度，观点鲜明，提出议题，辨明自己的态度，观点鲜明，开门见山。开门见山。提出正反两方面的观点，形成对照的对提出正反两方面的观点，形成对照的对比法。比法。列出错误的观点，逐条批驳的驳论法。列出错误的观点，逐条批驳的驳论法。用推理法、归纳法得出结论。用推理法、归纳法得出结论。写作类型及写作模板写作类型及写作模板现象阐释型问题解决型对比选择型观点论证型利弊评述型 I.观点论证型观点论证型要求根据题目所给的论点，按照题目要求要求根据题目所给的论点，按照题目要求通过摆事实、讲道理的方式对该论点进通过摆事实、讲道理的方式

2、对该论点进行论证或反驳。行论证或反驳。基本结构：基本结构：1.提出要论证或反驳的论点；提出要论证或反驳的论点；2.提出论据对其进行论证或反驳；提出论据对其进行论证或反驳；3.表明自己的立场和看法。表明自己的立场和看法。观点论证型观点论证型 2015年年6月六级月六级真题真题题目题目1：write an essay commenting on the saying“Knowledge is a treasure,but practice is the key to it.”You can cite one example or two to illustrate your point of vi

3、ew.题目题目2：I have no special talents.I am only passionately curious.第一段第一段：引出论题：引出论题用核心词引入用核心词引入+带出引言带出引言+引言的目的引言的目的 In this constantly changing world,how to put the knowledge acquired every day into reality has intrigued numerous people.As a proverb goes,“Knowledge is a treasure,but practice is the k

4、ey to it.”Apparently,this saying aims to deliver the message that if we truly want to master the knowledge we learn,we ought not to stop practicing it.第二段第二段第二段第二段：解释引言解释引言解释引言解释引言 中心句中心句中心句中心句+两个原因两个原因两个原因两个原因+举例举例举例举例（举例应用对比法举例应用对比法举例应用对比法举例应用对比法）There are several reasons accountable for this stat

5、ement.To begin with,human being are forgetful beings;therefore,only when we use knowledge,make mistakes,and try to use it again will we be able to remember it by our heart.Moreover,knowledge has become growingly complicated and we can seldom genuinely grasp the essence of it if we do not practice it

6、 and ponder it over again and again.For instance,there used to be simple diseases,such as the cold and measles,and a doctor might have the knowledge to treat all the common ones.However,with our living environment becoming ever increasingly harsher,the diseases have evolved into weird,irremediable,a

7、nd unpredictable ones.Therefore,the medication has been divided into numerous branches,and doctors of each one have to practice for years only in order to cure the diseases belonging to the similar sort.第三段第三段：总结总结该引言的合理该引言的合理+两个理由两个理由+提出建议提出建议 Practicing,to sum up,is of greatest importance for thos

8、e who are determined to learn knowledge well.Not only does it assist people to remember knowledge better,but we are able to catch up with the speed of the evolution of knowledge.As a student,I hope that the young can focus more attention on practicing what they learn than on remembering it blindly s

9、o that the knowledge will become our real treasure and make our life more splendid.I have no special talents.I am only passionately curious.The above saying from Einstein vividly echoes a piece of quotation:stay hungry;stay foolish,which is put forward by Steven Jobs,the late CEO of Apple Inc.Undoub

10、tedly,both of the two great men attach importance to curiosity.To some extent,we may safely maintain that without curiosity,without success.观点论证型观点论证型 Inthefirstplace,curiosityisthepremiseofinnovation,whichcanbeseenasthekeytosuccess.BesidesEinstein,acaseinpointisStevenJobs,whoalwayskeepscurious,devo

11、tedtoinnovation.So,thereisnoexaggerationtosaythatthesuccessofAppleIncdoesntsurpriseusatall.Inthesecondplace,thequalityofbeingcuriousprovidesuswiththedrivetogoforward.Toputitanotherway,wherethereiscuriosity,thereisadvancement.Forexample,ifascientistdesirestomakeprogressinhisresearchfield,hemustposses

12、sacuriousmind;otherwise,hisresearchwilleventuallygointoacorner.观点论证型观点论证型 In conclusion,it is not too much to say that curiosity plays an indispensable role both in personal and corporate success.So,it is wise for us to bear in mind the great mens sayings concerning curiosity and practice them as mu

13、ch as possible.II.现象阐述型现象阐述型对某一现象进行解释说明，分析其原因并加对某一现象进行解释说明，分析其原因并加以评论以评论 基本结构：基本结构：1.描述现象并说明其现状；描述现象并说明其现状；2.分析这种现象的原因或分析这种现象的原因或批驳批驳；3.最后提出建议或总结观点。最后提出建议或总结观点。2014年年12月六级作文月六级作文Write an essay based on the picture below.You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then dis

14、cuss what qualities an employer should look for in job applicant.You should give sound arguments to support your views.Accordingtothepicture,anemployerturnsdownajobapplicant,forhisdegreeislessadvancedthantheotherapplicants,eventhoughhehasagoodresume.Actually,whatsbehindthecartoonisthetendencythatemp

15、loyersfocusontheapplicantsacademicperformancewhenhiring.Noonedisputesthatacollegeorhigherdegreeopensdoors.Despitethat,Ifirmlybelievethatacademicdegreeshouldnotbetheprimarycriteriainselectingtalents.Firstofall,academicdegreesonlyrepresenttheapplicantsproficiencyintheirschoolwork,andcannotdemonstratet

16、heirpersonalityorotherabilities.Forinstance,theresponsibilityofahumanresourcesmanageristodealwithpeople,andthusitrequiresadvancedpersonalskillwhichisbynomeansshowninthediploma.Second,emphasisondegreesmayhinderthedevelopmentofthecompany.Theywillloserealtalentsiftheyjudgepeopleonlybytheireducationalba

17、ckground,whileitisoftenthecasethatcollegedrop-outslikeBillGates,MichaelDell,SteveJobs,etc.,runwildlysuccessfulenterprises.Therefore,insteadofrunningafterapplicantswithhigherdegrees,companiesshouldbecomemoreconcernedaboutwhatittakestodothejobandwhatacollegeeducationactuallyprovides.对比选择型对比选择型比较两种观点或两

18、种做法，进而表明自己对比较两种观点或两种做法，进而表明自己对问题或事物的态度或观点。问题或事物的态度或观点。基本结构：基本结构：1.对要评价的事物或现象进行整体介绍；对要评价的事物或现象进行整体介绍；2.陈述两种不同的观点或做法及其理由；陈述两种不同的观点或做法及其理由；3.表明自己的观点或态度。表明自己的观点或态度。2014年年12月六级作文月六级作文You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then discuss whether there is a shortcut to learni

19、ng.Asisdepictedinthecartoon,astudentisaskingalibrarianwhetherthereisabookonhowtoperformwellinschoolwithoutlearning,andthelibrariantellsthestudentthattodowellinschoolwithoutstudyingonlyhappensinfictions.Undoubtedly,thecartoonistaimsatremindingusofafactthatthereisnoshortcuttolearning.Therapidlivingtem

20、poinfluencesourlifedeeply,butwhilerunningafterhigh-efficiency,weshouldholdacorrectattitudetowardlearning,becauselearningrequireslong-termandpains-takingeffortanddiligence.Infact,hardlycanweachievesuccesswithoutpersisitentlearningattitude.Ascompetitioninalllinesofworkgrowsincreasinglyfierce,wemustdef

21、eatourrivalsthroughdiligentlearning.Numerousexamplesavailablecanbegiven,butacaseinpointisThomasEdison,whoin1879,aftermorethan1,000trials,eventuallyinventedaninexpensivealternativetocandles:thelamp.Edisonsstoryvividlyechoesawell-knownproverbRomeisnotbuiltinoneday.Hence,itisvitalforustoderivepositivei

22、mplicationsfromtheabovepicture.Foronething,weshouldfrequentlyuseittoenlightentheyoung.Foranother,weshouldcultivatetheirawarenessthatcorrectandproperlearningattitudecarriesgreatimportance.Onlybydoingso,cantheyoungergenerationbecomewinnersinthefaceoflearningandlife.议论文段落总结议论文段落总结引入段（引入段（Introductory P

23、aragraph）1、背景、背景 1）直接引入法）直接引入法 2）提问或名言警句）提问或名言警句 2、观点的表达、观点的表达somemethodsofintroduction:(1)Beginwithabroad,generalstatementofyourtopicandnarrowitdowntoyourthesisstatement;(2)Startwithanideaorasituationthatistheoppositeoftheoneyouwilldevelop;(3)Explaintheimportanceofyourtopictothereader;(4)Useanincid

24、entorabriefstory;(5)Askoneormorequestions;(6)Useaquotation.摘自美国大学英语写作主体段（主体段（Body Paragraph）主题句（主题句（Topic Sentence）论证点论证点 支撑句（支撑句（Supporting S.）论据论据两类论据：两类论据：分析性论据分析性论据 实例性论据实例性论据段落发展方式段落发展方式1）分类）分类 Booksareanimportantpartofmanypeopleslivesintheworldtoday.Withinthewidevarietyoftopicsthatbooksarewrit

25、ten,theycanbebroadlyclassifiedintofictionandnon-fiction.Thesetwotypeseachhavetheirownmeritsanditwouldnotbefairtoonlyreadabout“realevents,realpeople”,whentherecanbesomuchtolearnfromimaginaryeventsandimaginarypeople.2）举例）举例 Buttoomuchsport,orimproperguidance,canbeharmful.Beingtooinvolvedusuallyresults

26、inthechildfeelingtiredallthetime,orhavingsportstakinguptoomuchtimethatwasoriginallymeantforstudyorplay.Childrencaneasilygettooworkedupincompetitionsandifthisgoeswithoutsteering,thechildmaydevelopwrongviewstowardswinningandlosing,andlifeingeneral.Itmayalsobeharmfultowardsachildsbody.Gymnastics,forins

27、tance,isknowntobeharshtowardsthegymnasts,bodiesusuallyendingthemupsmallandshort.Manysportsaredangerous,andchildrenmaybecrippledwheninjuredinthecourseofgame.3）对比）对比 Dissatisfactionandapermanentneedorwantstartsataveryyoungage.Evenwhilewearebabies,wewantthistoy,andthatdoll,andnomatterhowmanyofthemwehav

28、eweaskformore.Scientistssaythatwhenababyisgivenafamiliartoy,heorshewillplaywithit,butafterawhile,heorshewillgetusedtoitandbecomelessenthusiastic.Whileontheotherhand,whenababyisgivenanewtoy,heorshewillhavetoplaywithitforacoupleofdays,andheorshewillbeveryinteresteduntilagainheorshewillgetaccustomedtoi

29、tandanewtoywilltakeitsplace.Thingsthatwedonotownordidnotseebeforelookmoreattractivetousthantheonesthatwehave.4）问答）问答Whydosomepeoplethinkthatworkingwithobjectsormachinesismoreadvantageousthanworkingwithpeople?Foronething,objectsormachinesareeasiertodealwith.Sincebothobjectsandmachineshavenowills,they

30、donotarguewithus.Onthecontrary,theyarealwaysreadytofollowourdirections.Foranother,objectsormachinesarereliable.Unlikepeoplewhosometimeshurtourfeelings,theynevercheatus.Inaddition,Isuppose,thesepeoplecannotadaptthemselvestothehumanworldofcompetition.5）因果）因果Peoplevary,andthatiswhyyouoftenfindvariousap

31、proachestolife.Forthosewhoarecontentwiththedirectiontheirlifeisheading,theideaofchangewouldprobablysendshiversthroughthem.ThisisduetothefactthattheyareatapointwheretheyaresatisfiedwiththewaytheyhavemaximizedtheirGod-givenpotential.Thatisapositivereasonfordreadingchange.6）类比）类比 Theperfectshortstoryis

32、writtenwithapoetssensitivityforlanguage,withapoetsprecision.Theshapeandsoundsandrhythmsofthewordsaremorecommonlypartoftheeffectthattheyusuallyareinthenovel.Justasinapoem,thebarewordsthemselvesareneverthecompletemeaning.Theyinteractwitheachother.Theirsoundsdothings.Howtheyareplacedonthepagematters.Th

33、epoemtriestocreateapieceoftruth,aninsightintobeinghuman,andtheformissotight,sosparsethatwecanargueoverexactmeaningslongintothenight.7）定义）定义Acomputerisamachinedesignedtoperformworkmathematicallyandtostoreandselectinformationthathasbeenfedintoit.Itisrunbyeithermechanicalorelectronicmeans.Thesemachines

34、candoagreatdealofcomplicatedworkinaveryshorttime.结尾段结尾段（Concluding Paragraph）Somemethodsofconclusion:(1)Endwithasummaryandfinalthought;(2)Includeathought-provokingquestionorshortseriesofquestions,suchas:A.Whythesubjectofyourpaperisimportant;B.Whatmighthappeninthefuture;C.Whatshouldbedoneaboutthesubj

35、ect;D.Whichchoiceshouldbemade.(3)Endwithapredictionorrecommendation.摘自美国大学英语写作GroupBrainstormingChooseeitherofthetwotopics:Topic1：writeanessaycommentingontheremark“Earthprovidesenoughtosatisfyeverymansneed,butnoteverymansgreed”.Youmaycitesomeexamplessupportyouview.Topic2：Smileistheshortestdistancebetweentwopeople.Writing Assignments One:第第490375号作文号作文汇报结束谢谢大家!请各位批评指正