【课件】2022届高考英语二轮复习：语法填空专题课件.pptx

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1、高三二轮复习-语法填空专题2一、课前词汇复习-熟词生义 Day2熟词熟词 makeup熟义熟义 _生义生义 _出现生义的真题例句出现生义的真题例句(2021年新高考年新高考卷卷)Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a persons makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ testn.天性；性格天性；性格n.组成成分组成成分熟词熟词熟义熟义生义生义work_register_ _v.&n.工作工作vt.登记，注册登记，

2、注册n.著作；作品著作；作品vi.运转；运行运转；运行vi.奏效；起作用奏效；起作用n.状态状态(2020年全国年全国卷卷)The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register.(2021年新高考年新高考卷卷)Id see how a factory worked.(2021年全国乙卷年全国乙卷)But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach works.

3、熟词熟词熟义熟义生义生义strike_v.&n.罢工；罢工；袭击；打袭击；打v.达成，制定达成，制定(协议协议)v.给给(某人以某人以)印印象象(2021年新高考年新高考卷卷)some labor unions recently struck a deal with a group of companies limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call.(2021年全国乙卷年全国乙卷)His comment struck me as strange.熟词熟词熟义熟义生义生义plant_break

4、_n.植物植物 vt.种植种植n.工厂工厂vt.打破；弄坏打破；弄坏n.休息休息(2021年新高考年新高考卷卷)It happened that the plant downtown needed eight kids for temporary help during our spring break.(2021年新高考年新高考卷卷)The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb.n.春天春天n.泉泉熟词熟词熟义熟义生义生义spring_must_aux v.必须，应该必

5、须，应该n.必须做的事必须做的事(2021年新高考年新高考卷卷)While youre in China,Mount Huangshan is a must to visit!熟词熟词 entry熟义熟义 _生义生义 _出现生义的真题例句出现生义的真题例句(2021年全国甲卷年全国甲卷)Each year,the high standard of entries has shown that the Awards are the perfect platform to showcase the very best photography of the British landscape(风景风

6、景).n.进入，加入进入，加入n.参赛作品参赛作品(2020年新高考年新高考卷卷)Mail your entry to us by October 31 this year.语法填空是一篇小短文，其中考点涉及词法、句法。我们遇到长句怎么办？从句子类型入手断句、分析长难句1.主语+谓语 (S.+V.)2.主语+谓语+宾语 (S.+V.+O.)3.主语+系动词+表语 (S.+V.+C.)4.主语+谓语+间宾+直宾 (S.+V.+Oi.+Od.)5.主语+谓语+宾语+宾补(S.+V.+O.+OC)简单句的五种基本句型vt.vi.+prep系动词助动词+V情态动词+V谓语是什么？I dont like

7、 eating junk food.I havent finished my work yet.She is reading books over there.The room was dark,she must be out.判断以下句子属于哪个句型？1.People all over the world speak English.2.I told him that the bus was late.3.The teacher asked the students to close the windows.4.The door stays open at night.5.Weve work

8、ed for 10 hours.主+谓+宾主+谓+间宾+直宾 主+谓+宾+宾补主+系+表主+谓系动词1.be：2.感官类：3.持续类：4.变化类：5.特殊类：is/am/are/was/werefeel/look/smell/sound/tastekeep/remain/stayget/become/grow/go/turn/fallturn out/prove(to be)seem/appear(to be)fall ill/asleep1.If it were not for a TV show,Fu Sheng,a scholar who lived during the 3rd and

9、 2nd centuries BC,may have remained unfamiliar 61._ the modern generation.2.However,62._ this scholar carefully protected,during wars and social changes,is Shangshu,one of the“five classics”of Confucianism.分析以下长难句并填空 10月摸底考语填 towhat3.When the scholars story 64._(adopt)as a stage play for China in th

10、e Classics,a variety program presented by CCTV,audiences were amazed by an ordinary mans strength to preserve and pass down a countrys cultural ethos(道德观).4.Neverthless,it was not 65._ easy task for Tian Qinxin,the art director of the show,66._(transform)an ancient classic into a one-hour stage show

11、 that connects with the people of today,especially those who 67._(grow)up in the 1990s and 2000s,when Chinese peoples lives are much 68._(good)and our national strength is rising.was adoptedanto transformgrewbetter 考点考点1:连词连词1.(2021年全国甲卷年全国甲卷47)My bike was old and shaky _ did the job.2.(2021年全国乙卷年全国

12、乙卷64)It was not widely accepted as a travel concept _ the late 1980s.此处为此处为notuntil句型，意为句型，意为“直到直到才才”。but因因“我的单车又旧又摇晃我的单车又旧又摇晃”与与“起作用；起作用；有效有效”是转折关系。是转折关系。until真题再练真题再练3.(2020年全国年全国卷卷63)Because the moons body blocks direct radio communication with a probe,China first had to put a satellite in orbit

13、above the moon in a spot _ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.分析句子成分并结合句意可知，设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词分析句子成分并结合句意可知，设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词spot，且引导词在从句中作地点状语，应用，且引导词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导，故填引导，故填where。where4.(2020年全国年全国卷卷65)The far side of the moon is of particular interest to scientists because it has

14、a lot of deep craters(环形山环形山),more so _ the familiar near side.than因因The far side of the moon及及the familiar near side二者构成比二者构成比较关系，对比月球的背面和正面，加之有较关系，对比月球的背面和正面，加之有more提示，应用提示，应用than连接两个比较对象。故填连接两个比较对象。故填than。5.(2020年全国年全国卷卷61)In ancient China lived an artist _ paintings were almost lifelike.分析句子结构并结

15、合句意可知，设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词分析句子结构并结合句意可知，设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词artist，且在从句中作且在从句中作paintings的定语，两者之间是所属关系，应用的定语，两者之间是所属关系，应用whose引导定语引导定语从句。故填从句。故填whose。whose6.(2020年全国年全国卷卷65)_ he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary(传奇的传奇的)artist,they smiled and pointed down the river.

16、When/As结合句意和两句之间的逻辑关系可知，此处引导时间状语从句，表结合句意和两句之间的逻辑关系可知，此处引导时间状语从句，表示示“当当时时”。句意为：当他问江岸上的村民们他要到哪儿才能。句意为：当他问江岸上的村民们他要到哪儿才能找到这位传奇的画家时，村民们笑了并指了一下江水的下游。故填找到这位传奇的画家时，村民们笑了并指了一下江水的下游。故填When或或As。7.(2019年全国年全国卷卷61)While they are rare north of 88,there is evidence _ they range all the way across the Arctic,and a

17、s far south as James Bay in Canada.分析句子结构可知，此处句子结构完整，空格后为同位语从句，分析句子结构可知，此处句子结构完整，空格后为同位语从句，解释说明解释说明evidence的内容，故填的内容，故填that。that8.(2019年全国年全国卷卷62)Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield,_ she opened with her late husband Les.which引导非限制性定语从句引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作在从句中作o

18、pened的宾语，故用的宾语，故用which。9.(2019年全国年全国卷卷67)I work not because I have to,_ because I want to.but因因notbut为固定句型，意为为固定句型，意为“不是不是而是而是”。句。句意：我工作不是因为我不得不做，而是因为我想做。意：我工作不是因为我不得不做，而是因为我想做。10.(2019年全国年全国卷卷64)They were well trained by their masters _ had great experience with caring for these animals.that/who引导定

19、语从句，从句中缺主语，先行词为引导定语从句，从句中缺主语，先行词为masters，故填，故填that/who。11.(2018年全国年全国卷卷66)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 _ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.先行词是先行词是a study，在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词，在定语从句中

20、作主语，用关系代词that或或which。that/which12.(2017全国全国卷卷64)But Sarah,_ has taken part in shows along with top models,wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.who两个逗号之间是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词两个逗号之间是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词Sarah指人又在从句中作主语，故填指人又在从句中作主语，故填who。13.(2016全国全国卷卷65)But my connection with pandas goes back to m

21、y days on a TV show in the mid-1980s,_ I was the first Western TV reporter引导定语从句并在从句中作时间状语，先行词是引导定语从句并在从句中作时间状语，先行词是days，故用，故用when。when14.(2016全国全国卷卷65)So,get an early start and try to be as productive _ possible before lunch.as因因asas possible(尽可能尽可能)是固定搭配。是固定搭配。15.(2016年全国年全国卷卷61)In much of Asia,es

22、pecially the so-called“rice bowl”cultures of China,Japan,Korea,_Vietnam,food is usually eaten with chopsticks.因因China,Japan,Korea与与Vietnam是并列关系，故填是并列关系，故填and。and1.若并列的两个或多个单词、短语或句子之间没有若并列的两个或多个单词、短语或句子之间没有连接词，可根据前后部分是并列关系连接词，可根据前后部分是并列关系(and)、选择、选择关系关系(or)还是转折关系还是转折关系(but)，填恰当的并列连词。，填恰当的并列连词。2.当空格前后

23、都是句子当空格前后都是句子(一个主谓关系算一个句子一个主谓关系算一个句子)，且这两个句子之间没有关联词时，且这两个句子之间没有关联词时,就填关联词。就填关联词。具体填哪个关联词，由两个或几个句子之间的逻辑具体填哪个关联词，由两个或几个句子之间的逻辑关系来决定。要分清主句与从句，弄清从句在整个关系来决定。要分清主句与从句，弄清从句在整个句子中作何种成分，确定从句类型，以及连接词在句子中作何种成分，确定从句类型，以及连接词在从句中的作用。从句中的作用。思路点拨思路点拨(1)从句在整个句子中作主语、宾语、表语、同位语就是名词性从句在整个句子中作主语、宾语、表语、同位语就是名词性从句。从句。(2)从句

24、作定语叫定语从句。从句作定语叫定语从句。(3)从句表示时间、地点、原因、条件、结果等的从句叫状语从从句表示时间、地点、原因、条件、结果等的从句叫状语从句。句。3.还要考虑引导从句的关联词的使用特点。还要考虑引导从句的关联词的使用特点。(1)引导定语从句的关联词一定是代表先行词并在从句中作句子成分的。引导定语从句的关联词一定是代表先行词并在从句中作句子成分的。(2)引导名词性从句的引导名词性从句的that没有任何意思，也不作任何句子成分，即句子结构和意没有任何意思，也不作任何句子成分，即句子结构和意思完整时填思完整时填that；而；而if或或whether有词义有词义(“是否是否”)但不作句子成

25、分；但不作句子成分；who,whom,which,when,where,how等有词义也作句子成分。等有词义也作句子成分。并列连词并列关系and,when(=and just at that time),not onlybut also,neithernor,bothand转折关系 but,while(而，却，然而),yet,notbut选择关系or,eitheror,whetheror(是还是还是)；otherwise,or else(否则，要不然)因果关系 for(因为),so(因此，所以)考点归纳考点归纳定语从句关系代词先行词是 人who/that(主语),whom/who/that(宾

26、语),whose(=of whom,定语)注：注：引导非限制性定语从句不用that;介词后也不用that引导先行词是事物which/that(主语或宾语)，whose(=of which，定语)关系副词先行先行词词是是时间时间：when(状状语语)；先行；先行词词是是地点：地点：where(状状语语)；先行；先行词词是是reason：why(状状语语)名词性从句连词thatthat没有没有词义词义，不作句子成分，引，不作句子成分，引导宾导宾语语从句从句时时可省略；即句子的可省略；即句子的结结构与意构与意义义完整完整时时，填，填that连词if/whether意意为为“是否是否”，不作句子成分，

27、引，不作句子成分，引导宾导宾语语从句从句时时一般可互一般可互换换，但在介，但在介词词后或后或discuss后引后引导宾语导宾语从句从句时时只能用只能用whether。引。引导导其他名其他名词词性从句性从句时时，只，只能用能用whether连接 代词有词义，作句子成分：who,whom,whose,which,what连接 副词有词义，作句子成分(状语)：when,where,why,how状语从句时间状语when,while（在（在期期间间）,as,before,after,once（一旦）（一旦）,till,until,since,every/each time（每当）（每当）,as soo

28、n as,immediately/instantly/directly(=as soon as),the moment/second/minute/instant(=as soon as),hardly/scarcely/rarely when,no soonerthan 地点状语where,wherever(无论什么地方，不管哪里)原因状语because,since,as,now that(=since既然，由于)目的状语so that(为了，以便),in order that,in case(以防万一)状语从句结果状语so that(结结果果),sothat,suchthat(如此如此以至

29、于以至于)条件状语if,unless(除非，如果不除非，如果不),as long as（只要）（只要）,so long as(只要只要)，on condition that(如果如果),in case(如果，万如果，万一一)方式状语as(像，依照像，依照),as if,as though(好像，好像，仿佛仿佛)状语从句让步状语although,though,as(虽然。注意：状语虽然。注意：状语或表语要提到或表语要提到as前；作表语的单数可数名前；作表语的单数可数名词提前时，不用词提前时，不用a/an)，while(=although虽虽然然)，even if,even though(即使即使

30、),whetheror(不管不管还还是是),whoever(=no matter who),whatever(=no matter what),whenever(=no matter when),whichever(=no matter which)比较状语than,asas,not asas,not soas,the sameas,suchas,the morethe more1.I was on my way home after running some grocery shopping _ saw a small dog running 因因“在回家的路上在回家的路上”与与“看到一条狗

31、看到一条狗”是并列关系。是并列关系。and考点练透考点练透2.Overcome it _we will be able to achieve our goals.这是这是“祈使句祈使句+and+陈述句陈述句”句型。句型。3.This was Jerrys golden opportunity(机会机会),_ he felt his hand shaking 因因“黄金机会黄金机会”与与“感觉手在发抖感觉手在发抖”是转折关系。是转折关系。andbut4.The most common way latchkey children(挂钥匙儿童挂钥匙儿童)deal with this is by hi

32、ding.It might be in a bathroom,under a bed _ in a closet.or藏在浴室床底下和藏壁橱里是选择关系，故用藏在浴室床底下和藏壁橱里是选择关系，故用or。5.Winter came.The ant stayed in her warm anthill and enjoyed her food,_ the grasshopper had to suffer from cold and hunger.前后句是对比关系，表示对比用前后句是对比关系，表示对比用while。while6.I couldnt imagine _ it is like to

33、lose your home and everything that you know.引导宾语从句，并在从句中作介词引导宾语从句，并在从句中作介词like的宾语，故填连接代词的宾语，故填连接代词what。what7.he saw it for the first time,he didnt understand _ it was,but he saw another boy in the mirror what引导宾语从句并在从句中作引导宾语从句并在从句中作was的表语，用连接代词的表语，用连接代词what。句意：他不明白那是什么。句意：他不明白那是什么。8.When there was n

34、o place in the whole field left to dig,the rabbit dug a tunnel right to _ the dog had been lying all the time.介词介词to后应是一个宾语从句，宾语从句中缺地点状语，故填后应是一个宾语从句，宾语从句中缺地点状语，故填where，意为，意为“兔子把隧道挖到狗一直躺的地方兔子把隧道挖到狗一直躺的地方”，故填，故填where。where9.You may also find it difficult to get to sleep if you have a problem or someth

35、ing else on your mind.This is _ you need to relax.when由句意由句意“这就是你需要放松这就是你需要放松”，表语从句不缺主语、宾语和定，表语从句不缺主语、宾语和定语，那应是缺状语，可能填语，那应是缺状语，可能填when,where,why,how，只有填，只有填when句句意才通顺：意才通顺：“这就是你需要休息的时候了。这就是你需要休息的时候了。”10.Listening to classical music is helpful in reducing stress.Thats _ I listen to it in the evenings

36、.因因Thats why(那就是那就是的原因的原因)是固定句型。是固定句型。why11.I learned that he had disappeared eight months ago from his owners _ lived a half-an-hours ride away.who/that引导定语从句并在从句中作主语，先行词引导定语从句并在从句中作主语，先行词his owners 是人，故用是人，故用who或或that。12.There once lived a boy named Woo Sing,_ father brought home a mirror.引导定语从句，并

37、在从句中作定语，修饰引导定语从句，并在从句中作定语，修饰father。whose13.It had been his decision to take this optional computer programming course,_ didnt mean he wasnt eager to pass.In fact,he wanted to get a good mark.which引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，指代主句内容，用指代主句内容，用which。14.He knew the answers to all the questions;

38、all his hard work had paid off.It was not long _ he finished all the questions.因因It was not long before(不久就不久就)是固定句式。是固定句式。before15.He had come to the right place at the very beginning but failed to find the bone _ he only complained and didnt try at all.只抱怨不努力是没找到骨头的原因，引导原因状语从只抱怨不努力是没找到骨头的原因，引导原因状语

39、从句用句用because。because16.What should you do if you are not able to sleep?The best thing is to try to avoid bad habits._ you always go to bed and get up at about the same time,this will set a healthy rhythm in your life.根据主从句的句意和逻辑关系可知，前者是后分句的条件。句意：如果你总是在根据主从句的句意和逻辑关系可知，前者是后分句的条件。句意：如果你总是在同一时间睡觉和起床，这将在

40、你的生活中建立一个健康的节奏。故填同一时间睡觉和起床，这将在你的生活中建立一个健康的节奏。故填If。If17.He would have been punished _ I had known he was being so naughty.引导与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，用引导与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，用if。if18._ he had revised the same things again and again,he wasnt sure at all how successful he would be.Although/Though/While 句意：虽然他再三检查了，但是他对会有

41、多成功仍然没有把握。句意：虽然他再三检查了，但是他对会有多成功仍然没有把握。19.Although Mary loved flowers,_ she or her husband was known as a gardener.neither因因neithernor(既不既不也不也不)是固定搭配。是固定搭配。20.One day,the cow was eating grass _ it began to rain heavily.when因因was/were doing sth whendid(当某个动作正在进当某个动作正在进行时突然又发生另外一事行时突然又发生另外一事)是固定句型。是固定句

42、型。21.Badly,we were told that our rooms hadnt been reserved for that week,_ for the week after.因因notbut(不是不是而是而是)是固定句型，句意为是固定句型，句意为“我我们被告知我们的房间预订的不是那周，而是之后的那一周们被告知我们的房间预订的不是那周，而是之后的那一周”。but22.Go to the village and buy some salt,but pay a fair price for it:neither too much _ too little.nor因因too much与与

43、too little显然是两个对等的并列短语，显然是两个对等的并列短语，根据根据neithernor是固定搭配，故填是固定搭配，故填nor。23.Behind him were other people to _ he was trying to talkwhom空格前后都是句子且这两个句子之间没有关联词，故应填关联词；空格前后都是句子且这两个句子之间没有关联词，故应填关联词；后面一句应当这样理解：后面一句应当这样理解：he was trying to talk to the people,由此可见由此可见,后面一句是定语从句，先行词是后面一句是定语从句，先行词是people,直接在介词后应用

44、关系代词直接在介词后应用关系代词whom，构成，构成“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”引导的定语从句。引导的定语从句。24.In order to save Toms life,the doctors have done all _ is humanly possible.当先行词是指事物的当先行词是指事物的all时，只能用时，只能用that引导定语从句。引导定语从句。that25.We talked about the persons and things _ we remembered in the school.当先行词包括人和事物时，多由当先行词包括人和事物时，多由that引导定语从句。引

45、导定语从句。that26._ there is life on the moon is an interesting question.Whether由由question可知前面的从句内容不确定可知前面的从句内容不确定,应填表示应填表示“是否是否”的连词引的连词引导主语从句，故用导主语从句，故用whether。27.Can you tell me _ or not the train has left?whether紧靠紧靠or not时时,只能用只能用whether引导宾语从句。引导宾语从句。29.She always thinks of _ she can serve the custom

46、ers well.how28.Here are all my story-books.You can take _ you like best.whichever指考虑指考虑“如何如何”服务好顾客。服务好顾客。有选定范围，指有选定范围，指(从我的故事书中从我的故事书中)你最喜欢哪本你就你最喜欢哪本你就拿哪本。故填拿哪本。故填whichever(不可用不可用whatever)。30._ she has made up her mind,nothing can change it.Once表示表示“一旦一旦”。句意：一旦她下定决心，没有什么能够改变。句意：一旦她下定决心，没有什么能够改变。31.I

47、 didnt go to bed _ all my homework had been finished.until这是这是notuntil(直到直到才才)句型。句型。32.Great changes have taken place in our village _ the reform and opening policies began to be carried out.33.Hardly had I got home _I realized I left my key in the office.sincewhen主句是完成时，从句是一般过去时，表示主句是完成时，从句是一般过去时，表

48、示“自从自从”，用，用since。因因hardlywhen(一一就就)是固定句型。是固定句型。34.No sooner had I got home _ I realized I had left my key in the office.因因no soonerthan(一一就就)是固定句型。是固定句型。35.Make a mark _ you have any doubts or questions.引导地点状语从句，表示引导地点状语从句，表示“在在的地方的地方”。thanwhere36.He made such rapid progress _ he soon began to write

49、 articles in English.因因suchthat是固定句式。是固定句式。that37._everyone is here,lets begin our meeting.引导原因状语从句，表示大家都知道的原因，常位于句首，引导原因状语从句，表示大家都知道的原因，常位于句首，译作译作“既然既然”。Since38.No matter _ you go,you must obey the law.由由go可知，表示可知，表示“无论你去哪里无论你去哪里”。where39.No matter _ busy I was,I studied English every day.意为意为“无论有多

50、忙无论有多忙”或或“不管有多忙不管有多忙”。how40._ he speaks or not,the result will be the same.Whether引导让步状语从句，意为引导让步状语从句，意为“不管不管”。41.In Rome,do _ the Romans do.42.Child _she is,she knows quite a few foreign languages.asas引导让步状语从句，引导让步状语从句，Child as she is=Although she is a child.引导方式状语从句引导方式状语从句,表示表示“像像一样一样”。43._ happe