《高考大纲》2012届高频短语精讲精练四9590.pdf
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1、 第 1 页 共 8 页 高考大纲2012届高频短语精讲精练四 山东省平阴县第一中学 李玉刚 61.as far asso far as 就.而言,至于【例句】As far as I am concerned,Im not against your plan.就我而言,我并不反对你的计划。,远到【例句】He walked as far as the railway station yesterday evening.昨天傍晚,他一直散步到火车站。【总结】表示“直到为止”之意时,as far as 既可用于肯定句,也可用于否定句;在表示“直到程度”之意的借喻说法中,as far as 和 so
2、far as 都可使用,但前者不及后者用得普遍。在表示“就而论”之意时,as far as 和 so far as 可互换使用。在表示“只要”、“尽所能”之意时,应用 as far as,不用 so far as。62.as if 似乎、好像【例句】She treats himas if he were a stranger.她待他如陌生人。【总结】(一)as if 从句的作用。在 look,seem 等系动词后引导表语从句。如:She looks as if she were ten years younger 她看起来好像年轻了十岁。引导方式状语从句。如:She loves the boy
3、 as if she were his mother 她爱这男孩,就好像她是他的母亲一样。(二)、as if 还可用于省略句中 如果 as if 引导的从句是“主语系动词”结构,可省略主语和系动词,这样 as if 后就只剩下名词、不定式、形容词(短语)、介词短语或分词。如:He acts as if(he was)a fool 他做事像个傻子。(三)、as if 从句的语气及时态 as if 从句用陈述语气的情况。当说话者认为句子所述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时。如:It sounds as if it is raining 听起来像是在下雨。He talks as if he i
4、s drunk 从他谈话的样子来看他是醉了。as if 从句用虚拟语气的情况。当说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时。从句虚拟语气动词时态的形式如下:a.如果从句表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词用一般过去时。如:You look as if you didn t care 你看上去好像并不在乎。b.从句表示与过去事实相反,谓语动词用“had过去分词”。如:He talks about Rome as if he had been there before 他说起罗马来好像他以前去过罗马似的。c.从句表示与将来事实相反,谓语动词用“wouldcouldmight动词原形”。如
5、:He opened his mouth as if he would say something 他张开嘴好像要说什么。63.as long as.=so long as 只要【例句】As long as you dont betray me,Ill do whatever you ask me to(do).只要你不出卖我,要我做什么我都愿意。as long as:和.一样长【例句】This line is four times as long as that one.这条线是那条线的四倍长。【总结】当用于同级比较时,as.as 既可用于肯定中也可用于否定句中,而 so.as 只能用于否定
6、句中。His pencil is as long as mine.His pencil isnt so/as long as mine.当表示只要时,两者没有什么区别,可以替换。e.g.Our profits will be good as/so long as the dollar remains strong.【词语辨析】as long as,as far as as long as 有“只要”的意思 As long as you keep working,you will get what you want.as far as 的意思比较抽象,可以表示距离上的“远到,直到”也有“据我所知
7、”的意思,翻译起来可根据上下文语境灵活处理。第 2 页 共 8 页 As far as I can see,it is a perfect plan.在我看来,这是个完美的计划。64.as though 似乎、好像【例句】He behaved as though nothing had happened.他装作若无其事的样子。【总结】as if/as though 的用法 as if 与 as though 是一组同义词,两者意思相同,用法也相同,只是在口语中人们多半会用 as if,取其简短。as if 和 as though 用法较为复杂,(一)在通常情况下,as if 和 as thou
8、gh 所引导的从句的谓语动词多用虚拟语气,表示所叙述的情况与事实相反。具体用法如下:1)谈论现在情形的,用过去时(动词 be 用 were,也可用 was):Why is she looking at me as though she knew me?他为什么那样看我?像是认识我似的。He behaves as if he owned the house.他的样子好像他拥有这个房子。Its not as though he was/were poor.2)谈论过去情形的动词形式有以下几种:a)过去式,表示过去的状态,如:He stood there looking at the train a
9、nd laughing,as if to miss a train was the best joke in the world.他站在那里,望着火车哈哈大笑,好像误了火车是天底下最开心的事儿似的。Mr.Coleman always talked as if he knew everything.但是,如果状态动词带有持续时间状语,则用过去完成时:They talked as if they had been friends for years.(高二册,第 95 页)(试比较:They had been friends for years.)Now it is as though she h
10、ad known Millie for years.(现代英语用法词典)情态动词亦用过去时:b)过去完成时,表示过去的动作先于主句动词而发生或完成,如:It was as if he had lost his last friend.“I remember,”she tells her children now,“how wild his white hair lookedas if it had been electrified.”(高二册,第 91 页)必须注意的时,在指过去的动作时,即使主句是现在时,as if 从句中的动词也要用过去完成时:He talks about Rome as
11、though he had been there himself.他讲起罗马的情况来就好像他亲自到过那里似的。c)过去进行时,表示动作正在进行:He heard a noise,as if someone was breathing.(高一册,第 211 页)I felt as if the ground were slipping beneath my feet.我感到大地仿佛在脚下滑动。d)过去将来时,表示将要发生的事态:It looked as if it was going to snow.(高一册,第 127 页)(二).如果 as if 后面的从句所表示的情况时真实的或很可能时真实
12、的,则动词可以用陈述语气,在 feel,look,seem smell,sound,taste 之后尤其如此。试比较:F.T.Wood 所著 English Colloquial Idioms 中的两个例子:He walks as if he is drunk.He walks as if he were drunk.第一句表示“他已经醉了”,第 2 句则表示“他没有醉”。又如:It looks as if it is going to rain.It looks as if were going to rain.第一例意味着快要下雨了,第二例则意味着不会下雨。第 3 页 共 8 页(三).随
13、着语言的发展,as if 后面的从句即使反映的不是事实,也可以不用虚拟语气而用陈述语气,这主要出现在口语或不太正式的文体中。例如:With the development of these new tools,it is as if man has suddenly become a millionaire of the mind.随着这些新工具的发展,人好像突然间成为精神上的百万富翁似的。(四).在非正式文体(尤其是美国英语)中,可以用 like 做连词代替 as if 和 as though。例如:She started kissing me like we were on our hon
14、eymoon.她开始吻我,好像是在度蜜月似的。(五).as if 和 as though 从句中的省略 当 as if 和 as though 从句的主语与主句一致时,该主语和后面的动词可以省略。于是便出现下面几种结构:1)as if+不定式 He opened his lips as if(he were)to make some reply.The bee checked its forward speed,circled and then drifted slowly over the mirrorlike surface of the pool as if to admire its
15、own reflection.蜜蜂放慢飞行速度,转了几圈儿,然后在清澈如镜的水潭上空慢慢地飘过,似乎要欣赏它自己的倒影。2)不定式+形容词或形容词短语 Carrie felt as if unable to endure such a life.嘉莉觉得似乎无法再忍受这种生活了。He lay still for a long while,as if dead.3)as if+介词短语 He looked about as if(he was)in search of something.4)as if+现在分词 Nevertheless,the bee kept exercising the
16、wings slowly up and down,as though assessing the damage.然而,那只蜜蜂仍然在不停地慢慢上下活动着它地翅膀,仿佛在估量着所受的损害。5)as if+名词 He acts as if(he was)a fool.6)as if+副词 He made that remark as if absently.他好像是漫不经心地说了那句话。现代英语惯用法词典上也有如下例句:He looked as if he were ill.He looks as if he had been ill.我们在前面也有过类似的例句。下面在提供一些主句用现在时而从句仍
17、用过去完成时的例句:A:Weve been back at work now for three days.我们回来上课到现在已三天了 B:I feel as if I had been back for three months.我感到似乎已回来三个月了。(比较:I have been back for three months.)(六).as if 和 as though 的功能 1)引导方式状语从句 They talked as if they had been friends for years.2)引导表语从句 He looked as if he had just stepped
18、out of my book of fairy tales and had passed me like a spirit.(高二册,第 92 页)3)引导感叹句,表示对某种建议、假定、想象等的反对:As if I cared!好像我很在乎似的!(相当于:I dont care!)He warned me against associating with people of doubtful character.As if I ever should!他告诫我不要同可疑的人来往,好像我真会那样做似的!第 4 页 共 8 页 as well as 和一样 【例句】She as well as y
19、ou is an English teacher 她像你一样也是英文教师。与一样好【例句】He speaks Spanish as well as English他说西班牙语像说英语一样好.【总结】A as well as B 的结构里,语意的重点在 A,不在 B。66.as well 也;一样【例句】Wang Hai is a worker and a militiaman as well.王海是个工人,也是个民兵。【总结】as well 常用于肯定句句尾,表示“还,也”等意思。He knows French,and he knows English as well.他懂法语,他也懂英语。、
20、as well 后接 as,边接两个同类项,表示“不但,而且,和跟”等意思,强调 as well 前面的人或事物。He came as well as his brother.不仅他哥哥来了,而且他也来了。、as well as 和动词连用,表示同类事物相比较,结果一样好。He can speak English as well as you do.他英语说得和你一样好。【拓展】also 的用法 also 用于实义动词之前 also 用于实义动词之前 They also agree with me.他们也同意我的看法。also 用于 be 动词之后 also 用于 be 动词之后 I was
21、also there.我也在那儿。also 用于第一个助动词之后 also 用于第一个助动词之后 His sister has also gone to town.他的妹妹也到镇里去了。also 有时放在句首 also 有时放在句子的最前 Also,some students were tempted to add written comment of their own throughout the paper.一些学生也冒险通过论文写出他们自己的评论。also 不能放在句末 67.ask(that)sb.(should)do 要求某人应该做某事(虚拟语气)【例句】Heasked that
22、they(should)be allowed to use a dictionary.他要求准许他们用词典。【总结】.ask sb.to do 要求某人做某事。sb.是宾语,to do 是宾补。.ask(that)sb.(should)do 要求某人做某事。that 引导宾语从句。sb.sb.是宾语从句的主语。把 ask(that)sb.(should)do 结构中的括号去掉,也可以说成是 ask sb.do 68.ask for要,要求【例句】The miners areasking for another increase in pay.煤矿工人正在要求再次加薪。找(人)【例句】There
23、s an old man at the door,asking for you.门口有一位老人找你。【拓展】ask for a lift 要求搭车,ask for a loan 借款,ask for a answer 要求答复,ask for a ruling 要求作出裁决,ask for a divorce 申请离婚,ask for leave 请假,ask sb.for a lift 请某人让搭(车)一程 ask sb.for advice 取得某人的建议,ask some questions of sb.向某人提问(书面语)69.at a distance 有一些距离、在远处【例句】Th
24、e shops wereat a distance from where they lived.商店离他们住所有一段路。Dogs that bark at a distance bite not at hand.远处狗就叫,近身不会咬。【拓展】from a distance 从远方、in the distance 在很远的地方(目不可及),keep sb.at a distance 于某人保持一定距离 【总结】at a distance 在远处(目可及),in the distance 在很远的地方(目不可及)一定用名词。70.at a depth of 在.深处【例句】When he is
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