2023年上海同等学力人员申请硕士学位考试考试真题卷.docx

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1、2023年上海同等学力人员申请硕士学位考试考试真题卷本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.When I was home in Britain on holiday last summer, I spent an evening looking at photos my father had taken when he stayed with us in Beijing in the spring of 1966. Of all these interesting scenes o

2、f the past, the one I exclaimed at was a photo of Chang An Jie at Tiananmen. The photo showed one car and two bicycles! This made me reflect on the changes that have transformed Beijing since I came to the city 37 years ago. In those days, the bicycle was king. What sheer joy it was to cycle along w

3、ith the hundreds (not thousands) of fellow pedallers (骑车人), never in fear of life and limb as one is now. I bought my first bike in 1963. It cost me 150 yuan-in those days three or four months salary for the average city dweller. Such changes! Good or bad Today, cycling is hazardous but bikes are ea

4、sily affordable. Gone are the old wooden houses I remember in south Beijing and fast disappearing are the small, overcrowded courtyard houses lacking running water, central heating and bathroom. Very many Beijingers now live in more convenient, better-equipped flats in high-rises. But these very hig

5、h-rises are swallowing up the unique character of the old city of narrow hutongs, age-old siheyuan and close-knit communities. I loved years ago to cycle to Beihai to visit my friends (I then taught at China Foreign Affairs University). In spring I rode through the blue-green wheat fields, in summer

6、 through fields of tall maize (玉米). Further west; beyond Beijing Foreign Studies University there were the vegetable fields of the Evergreen Commune (四季青公社) and the rice paddies glistening in the summer sun. But now, as Beijing stretches out further and further, west, east, north, south, theres dece

7、nt housing for families, busy offices for employment and large department stores and supermarkets where, if you have the money, theres little you cannot buy.What is the authors attitude towards the changeAShe was indifferent to the changes.BShe preferred the past to the present.CShe was amazed at th

8、e changes.DShe believed that the changes were goo 2.The wandering ship was a dramatic symbol for a problem plaguing our age. In 1987, the ship, loaded with thousands of tons of New York garbage, spent weeks wandering from one port to another in search of a dump before finally returning home, mission

9、 unaccomplished. New York, like other communities throughout the world is running out of space to put its trash. As throwaway societies, the US and other industrialized countries expect their garbage to be picked up by trucks that magically transported the refuse to some out-of-sight incinerator(焚化炉

10、) or dump. But in the developing counties of Asia, Africa and Latin America, thousands of tons of trash collected daily are thrown into open dumps, where it feeds huge populations of rats that swarm through poor neighborhoods. The world is literally swimming in garbage, says a scientist, Communities

11、 worldwide are being forced to confront the problem. Green Peace spokesman Bryan Bence adds, The crisis in garbage stems in part from the fact that weve ignored long-term disposal problem in favor of cheap quick fixes. The garbage glut (过选剩) has inspired many communities in the U.S., Japan and Weste

12、rn Europe to start recycling programs. Once considered a curious counter culture activity recycling has moved firmly into the mainstream. Recycling involves separating usable products from trash, processing them so they can be substituted for more expensive raw materials and returning them to the ma

13、rketplace as parts of new products. Many countries now have mandatory recycling programs, and others plan to follow the trend soon. Most notably, Japan has stood out as a model and leader of the waste management trend, recycling an estimated 65 percent of its waste. Thats what we should do, to the g

14、arbage crisis, says David Antonioli, a staff member with the New York Public Interest Research Corp. The earth is not a dump!According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUEAThe American ship eventually found a port and dumped its garbage before it returned home.BThrowaway societi

15、es dont need to transport their refuse and garbage to incinerator because they have a lot of space to put them.CThe wandering ship with garbage reflected the fact that garbage problem became very serious.DThe huge populations of rats swarm through poor neighborhood in many Western European countries

16、 because the garbage is thrown into the open dumps. 3.It may look like just another playgroup, but a unique educational center in Manhattan is really giving babies something to talk about. Its a school to teach languages to babies and young children with games, songs-some of the classes also have ar

17、ts and crafts, said Francois Thibaut, the founder of the Language Workshop for Children, a place where babies become bilingual. Children as young as few months are exposed to French and Spanish before many of them can even speak English. Educators use special songs and visual (视觉的) aids to ensure th

18、at when a child is ready to talk, the languages will not be so foreign. Children have a unique capacity to learn many languages at the same time, said Thibaut. Already at nine months, a child can tell the differences between the sounds he or she has heard since birth and the sounds he or she has nev

19、er heard yet. Thibaut says the best time to expose children to language is from birth to 3 years old. For the last 30 years, the school has been using what it calls the Thibarut Technique, a system that combines language lessons with childs play. I always wanted to learn Spanish, but by the time I g

20、ot to high school it was too late to pick it up and speak fluently, said Marc Lazare, who enrolled his son at the school. I figured at this age, two, its a perfect time for him to learn. Aside from learning a language, the kids also gain a tremendous sense of confidence. One young student boasted th

21、at aside from French, she can speak five languages (though that included monkey and lion). The school gives children the tools to communicate, and sometimes that gives them an advantage over their parents. I think they sometimes speak French when they think I wont understand them, said parent Foster

22、 Gibbons. Depending on the age group, classes run from 45 minute up to 2 hours. Even when students are not in class, the program is designed to make sure the learning continues at home. Tapes and books are included so kids can practice on their own.According to Thibaut, it is possible _Afor children

23、 to take advantage of their parents by using a foreign languageBto expose children to a foreign language after they can speak EnglishCto combine language lessons with sports gamesDfor children to learn several languages at the same time 4.Birds are literally half-asleep-with one brain hemisphere ale

24、rt and the other sleeping, according to a new study of sleeping ducks. Earlier Studies have documented half-brain sleep in a wide range of birds. The brain hemispheres take turns sinking into the sleep stage characterized by slow brain waves. The eye controlled by the sleeping hemisphere keeps shut,

25、 while the wakeful hemispheres eye stays open and alert. Birds also can sleep with both hemispheres resting at once. Decades of studies of bird flocks led researchers to predict extra alertness in the more vulnerable, end-of-the-row sleepers. Sure enough, the end birds tended to watch carefully on t

26、he side away from their companions. Ducks in the inner spots showed no preference for gaze direction. Also, birds dozing (打盹) at the end of the line resorted to single-hemisphere sleep, rather than total relaxation, more often than inner ducks did. Rotating 16 birds through the positions in a four-d

27、uck row, the researchers found outer birds half-asleep during 32 percent of dozing time versus about 12 percent for birds in internal spots. We believe this is the first evidence for an animal behaviorally controlling sleep and wakefulness simultaneously in different regions of the brain, the resear

28、chers say. The results provide the best evidence for a long-standing supposition that single- hemisphere sleep evolved as creatures scanned for enemies. The preference for opening an eye on the. lockout side could be widespread, he predicts. Hes seen it in a pair of birds dozing side-by-side in the

29、zoo and in a single pet bird sleeping by a mirror. The mirror-side eye closed as if the reflection were a companion and the other eye stayed open. Useful as half-sleeping might be, its only been found in birds and such water mammals (哺乳动物) as dolphins, whales, and seals. Perhaps keeping one side of

30、the brain awake allows a sleeping animal to surface occasionally to avoid drowning. Studies of birds may offer unique insights into sleep. Jerome M. Siegel of the UCLA says he wonders if birds half-brain sleep is just the tip of the iceberg (冰山) . He speculates that more examples may turn up when we

31、 take a closer look at other species.A new study on birds sleep has revealed that _Ahalf-brain sleep is found in all kinds of birdsBhalf-brain sleep is characterized by accelerated brain wavesCbirds can control their half-brain sleep consciouslyDbirds always sleep with the whole of their brain at re

32、st 5.(Alcoholics) have a death rate nearly three times more than (the general population); they are (seven times) more likely than non-alcoholics to (suffer) fatal accidents.A. AlcoholicsB. the general populationC. seven timesD. suffer 6.One of the most strikingly apparent instances of extrasensory

33、perception is the precognitive experience, when a person has a compelling perception of a coming disaster, news of death of a loved one, or a communication from a long-lost friend, and the predicted event then happens. Many who have had such experiences report that the emotional intensity of the pre

34、cognition and its subsequent verification provide an overpowering sense of contact with another realm of reality. I have had such an experience myself. Many years ago, I awoke in the middle of night in a cold sweat, with a certain knowledge that a close relative had suddenly died. I was so gripped w

35、ith the haunting intensity of the experience that I was afraid to place a long-distance phone call, (for fear that the relative would trip over the telephone cord or something and make the experience a self-fulfilling prediction). In fact, the relative is alive and well, and whatever psychological r

36、oots the experience may have, it was not a reflection of an imminent event in the real world. However, suppose the relative had in fact died that night. You would have had a difficult time convincing me that it was merely coincidence. But it is easy to calculate that if each American has such a prem

37、onitory experience a few times in his lifetime, the actual statistics alone will produce a few apparent precognitive events somewhere in America each year. We can calculate that this must occur fairly frequently, but to the rare person who dreams of disaster, followed rapidly by its realization, it

38、is uncanny and awesome. Such a coincidence must happen to someone every few months. But those who experience a correct precognition understandably resist its explanation by coincidence. After my experience I did not write a letter to an institute of psychology relating a compelling predictive dream

39、that was not borne out by reality. That is not a memorable letter. But had the death I dreamt actually occurred, such a letter would have been marked down as evidence for precognition. The hits are recorded; the misses are not. Thus human nature unconsciously conspires to produce a biased reporting

40、of the frequency of such events.Precognitive experience most probably means _Asome kind of disaster a person experienced in his childhoodBa vague sense that something will happen and it does happen laterCthe prediction of the death of a close friendDuncertainty about an impending accident 7.One of t

41、he most widely discussed subjects these days is. energy crisis. Automobile drivers cannot get gasoline; homeowners may not get enough heating oil; factories are (56) by a fuel shortage. The crisis has (57) questions about the large oil companies and windfall (58) . Critics of the oil industry charge

42、 that the major companies are getting richer because of the oil shortage. Shortage, of course, drives prices up. As oil prices rise, the critics say, the oil companies will make more money (windfall profits) without doing a thing to (59) the extra cash. Windfall profits are sudden unearned profits-p

43、rofits made (60) luck, or some special turn of events. The word itself tells what windfall means-something blown down by the wind, such as trees, or fruit (61) from trees. But the word has taken on a special meaning. This meaning (getting something unearned) was first used in medieval England. This

44、is (62) it started: at that time much of the land was in the hands of (63) barons. The rest of the people, commoners, lived and worked on their vast estates. They planted the seed, cared for the farm animals and harvested the crops. Not all the land, however, was used for farming. Every baron kept a

45、 large private forest for (64) deer and wild bear. When hungry, the people sometimes would kill the animals in the lords forest for food. And there were times (65) they might cut down trees for fuel. So, strong laws were passed to protect the forests, and the animals. Violations were severely (66) .

46、 But there was one way people could get wood from the forest. If they found trees blown down by the wind (windfall) they were free to take them for use as fuel in their homes. And that is the meaning that has come down to us-something good gotten by luck or (67) . The common people of old England, o

47、ften hungry and cold, must often have prayed for a good strong wind. Critics today (68) that the oil industry has also been praying for something just like it -some political or military (69) that might produce a windfall-a rise in oil prices and profits. The oil companies deny that this is so. In C

48、ongress, critics of the oil companies have proposed a (70) on such profits. The debate on rising oil price will go on for some time, and most likely we will hear more and more about windfall profits.Part ClozeDirections: In this part, there is a passage with 15 blanks. For each blank, there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer for each blank and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.AthreatenedBclaimedCexploredDnarrowed 8.When I was home in Britain on holiday last summer, I