2023年四川职称英语考试模拟卷（1）.docx

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1、2023年四川职称英语考试模拟卷（1）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。 A satisfactory psychological theory must allow us to predict behavior. For instance, a satisfactory theory of hunger will allow us to predict when people

2、 will eat and not eat. A broadly satisfying, U (51) /Utheory should have a wide range of applicability. A broad theory of hunger might apply U (52) /Uhuman beings and lower animals, to normal weight and overweight people, and to people who haveU (53) /Uof food for differing lengths of time. If ourU

3、(54) /Ucannot be adequately explained by or predicted from a given theory, we should consider revising or replacing that theory. In psychology many theories have been found to beU (55) /Uof explaining or predicting new observations. As a result they have been revisedU (56) /U.For example, the theory

4、 that hunger results from stomach contractions may beU (57) /Ucorrect for normal weight individuals, but it is inadequate as anU (58) /Ufor feelings of hunger among the overweight.U (59) /Utheories also focus on biological variables, such as fat cells and brain U (60) /U, and psychological variables

5、 such as the presence of other people who are eating and the time of day. TheU (61) /Uof controlling behavior in psychology is highlyU (62) /U. Some people erroneously think that psychologists seek ways to make people do their biddinglike puppets dangling on strings. This is not so. Instead, psychol

6、ogists helpU (63) /Uchange their behavior for their own benefit. Psychologists areU (64) /Uto belief in the dignity of human beings, and human dignity demands that people be free to make their own decisions and choose their own behavior. Psychologists are learning more all the time about theU (65) /

7、Uinfluences on human behavior, but they apply this knowledge only upon request and in ways they believe will be helpful to an individual or an institution. AclientsBcustomersCconsumersDusers 2.阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。 A satisfactory psychological theory must allow us to pr

8、edict behavior. For instance, a satisfactory theory of hunger will allow us to predict when people will eat and not eat. A broadly satisfying, U (51) /Utheory should have a wide range of applicability. A broad theory of hunger might apply U (52) /Uhuman beings and lower animals, to normal weight and

9、 overweight people, and to people who haveU (53) /Uof food for differing lengths of time. If ourU (54) /Ucannot be adequately explained by or predicted from a given theory, we should consider revising or replacing that theory. In psychology many theories have been found to beU (55) /Uof explaining o

10、r predicting new observations. As a result they have been revisedU (56) /U.For example, the theory that hunger results from stomach contractions may beU (57) /Ucorrect for normal weight individuals, but it is inadequate as anU (58) /Ufor feelings of hunger among the overweight.U (59) /Utheories also

11、 focus on biological variables, such as fat cells and brain U (60) /U, and psychological variables such as the presence of other people who are eating and the time of day. TheU (61) /Uof controlling behavior in psychology is highlyU (62) /U. Some people erroneously think that psychologists seek ways

12、 to make people do their biddinglike puppets dangling on strings. This is not so. Instead, psychologists helpU (63) /Uchange their behavior for their own benefit. Psychologists areU (64) /Uto belief in the dignity of human beings, and human dignity demands that people be free to make their own decis

13、ions and choose their own behavior. Psychologists are learning more all the time about theU (65) /Uinfluences on human behavior, but they apply this knowledge only upon request and in ways they believe will be helpful to an individual or an institution. ApermittedBacceptedCcommittedDconfined 3.阅读下面的

14、短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。 A satisfactory psychological theory must allow us to predict behavior. For instance, a satisfactory theory of hunger will allow us to predict when people will eat and not eat. A broadly satisfying, U (51) /Utheory should have a wide range of applicabili

15、ty. A broad theory of hunger might apply U (52) /Uhuman beings and lower animals, to normal weight and overweight people, and to people who haveU (53) /Uof food for differing lengths of time. If ourU (54) /Ucannot be adequately explained by or predicted from a given theory, we should consider revisi

16、ng or replacing that theory. In psychology many theories have been found to beU (55) /Uof explaining or predicting new observations. As a result they have been revisedU (56) /U.For example, the theory that hunger results from stomach contractions may beU (57) /Ucorrect for normal weight individuals,

17、 but it is inadequate as anU (58) /Ufor feelings of hunger among the overweight.U (59) /Utheories also focus on biological variables, such as fat cells and brain U (60) /U, and psychological variables such as the presence of other people who are eating and the time of day. TheU (61) /Uof controlling

18、 behavior in psychology is highlyU (62) /U. Some people erroneously think that psychologists seek ways to make people do their biddinglike puppets dangling on strings. This is not so. Instead, psychologists helpU (63) /Uchange their behavior for their own benefit. Psychologists areU (64) /Uto belief

19、 in the dignity of human beings, and human dignity demands that people be free to make their own decisions and choose their own behavior. Psychologists are learning more all the time about theU (65) /Uinfluences on human behavior, but they apply this knowledge only upon request and in ways they beli

20、eve will be helpful to an individual or an institution. ApreciousBobviousCvariousDserious 4.New Brain Cells Love to Learn 5.2. Space Junk Cosmos 2251 was an ordinary satellite designed to transmit signals across the vast Russian landmass. Launched in 1993, it would appear every 90 minutes or so over

21、 the northern skies, relay electronic blips of information among a network of satellites and ground stations like a hockey player passing the puck, and disappear over the southern horizon. Iridium 33, launched for Motorola in 1997, did something similar, though it took a slightly different orbit tha

22、t brought it closest to Earth during its pass over North America. For years the two satellites circled the planet, minding their own business, never coming within a thousand kilometers of one another. Then something happened to Cosmos. It may have sprung a small leak; perhaps it struck a tiny astero

23、id or a piece of debris. Nobody knows for sure, but for one reason or another, Cosmos drifted off course. T. S. Kelso, an aeronautics expert at Analytical Graphics, which provides satellite-tracking services to NASA, noticed that the orbits of Cosmos and Iridium were bringing the two satellites clos

24、er to each other all the time. In February he issued a warning that they would pass within a kilometer of one another, tie was right. On Feb. 10, Motorola lost track of Iridiums signal. Over the next few days, Kelso and others surmised that what many had feared for years had finally come to pass: tw

25、o intact satellites had collided head on. The consequences go far beyond merely the loss of two pieces of property. Each satellite weighed more than half a metric ton and was moving at 7.5 kilometers per second. The resulting explosion was catastrophic, generating a massive cloud of cosmic debrisper

26、haps l00,000 pieces of junk bigger than one centimeter in diameter, estimates David Wright, a space expert at the Union of Concerned Scientists. In one stroke, the accident increased by nearly a third the number of stray objects in the crucial 700-to-900-kilometer hand known as low Earth orbit (LEO)

27、. The junk cloud will eventually disperse around the entire planet, like a shroud. The event served as a wake-up call to space planners. Insurance rates for the $18 billion worth of active commercial satellites now in orbit have ticked upwards by 10 to 20 percent since the accident. Governments, too

28、, have grown to rely on networks of satellites to gather intelligence, direct weapons systems, forecast climate and weather changes, monitor agriculture, and operate communications and navigation systems. Experts calculate that debris will now strike one of the 900 active satellites in LEO every two

29、 or three years. For the first time, junk is the single biggest risk factor to equipment in some orbits. Among the orbital threats are two former Soviet nuclear reactors. Even the International Space Station may one day be at risk, as debris slowly descends to its 350-kilometer orbit.Cosmos 2251 and

30、 Iridium 33 are commercial satellites who share the same orbit.ARightBWrongCNot mentioned 6.Haute Tech 7.Taking a Dim View of Solar Energy 8.Things in the henhouse changed practically overnight when McDonalds announced in 1999 that it would no longer buy eggs from producers who didnt meet its guidel

31、ines for care of chickens. Those guidelines included limiting the (51) of birds that could be kept in one (52) and prohibiting beak removal, (53) trimming just the tips. Once McDonalds had (54) the way in issuing animal care guidelines for the companys suppliers, many other giants of the fast food i

32、ndustry rapidly followed suit, including Burger King, Taco Bell, Pizza Hut, Wendys, AW, and KFC. Now, the American Meat Institute has (55) welfare guidelines and audit (56) for cattle, pigs, and chickens. And the European Union, representing our foreign customers, is also weighing in with, among oth

33、er things, legislation banning (57) use of crates to house pregnant sows, effective in 2013. Questions about animal care (58) with the explosive growth in large scale livestock farms, (59) spurred customers to complain about animals being treated as factory parts. That spurred ARS and the livestock

34、industry to take a proactive approach to addressing animal welfare issues, making sure that guidelines are based on facts (60) through scientific research. The goal is to share research findings with the retail food industry and others so that the livestock industry can improve its (61) guidelines.

35、Ten years ago, to address these concerns, ARS started a research program on livestock behavior and stress. The scientists involved were tasked with finding out whether modem farming practices were (62) stressing animals. And if so, could scientific methods be developed lo measure this stress so that

36、 (63) could be evaluated objectively rather than subjectively A decade later, the (64) answer is yes to both questions. Many had expected the answer to be no on both counts, but science works independently (65) peoples opinions.AamountBnumberCfigureDsum 9.New Brain Cells Love to Learn 10.2. Space Ju

37、nk Cosmos 2251 was an ordinary satellite designed to transmit signals across the vast Russian landmass. Launched in 1993, it would appear every 90 minutes or so over the northern skies, relay electronic blips of information among a network of satellites and ground stations like a hockey player passi

38、ng the puck, and disappear over the southern horizon. Iridium 33, launched for Motorola in 1997, did something similar, though it took a slightly different orbit that brought it closest to Earth during its pass over North America. For years the two satellites circled the planet, minding their own bu

39、siness, never coming within a thousand kilometers of one another. Then something happened to Cosmos. It may have sprung a small leak; perhaps it struck a tiny asteroid or a piece of debris. Nobody knows for sure, but for one reason or another, Cosmos drifted off course. T. S. Kelso, an aeronautics e

40、xpert at Analytical Graphics, which provides satellite-tracking services to NASA, noticed that the orbits of Cosmos and Iridium were bringing the two satellites closer to each other all the time. In February he issued a warning that they would pass within a kilometer of one another, tie was right. O

41、n Feb. 10, Motorola lost track of Iridiums signal. Over the next few days, Kelso and others surmised that what many had feared for years had finally come to pass: two intact satellites had collided head on. The consequences go far beyond merely the loss of two pieces of property. Each satellite weig

42、hed more than half a metric ton and was moving at 7.5 kilometers per second. The resulting explosion was catastrophic, generating a massive cloud of cosmic debrisperhaps l00,000 pieces of junk bigger than one centimeter in diameter, estimates David Wright, a space expert at the Union of Concerned Sc

43、ientists. In one stroke, the accident increased by nearly a third the number of stray objects in the crucial 700-to-900-kilometer hand known as low Earth orbit (LEO). The junk cloud will eventually disperse around the entire planet, like a shroud. The event served as a wake-up call to space planners

44、. Insurance rates for the $18 billion worth of active commercial satellites now in orbit have ticked upwards by 10 to 20 percent since the accident. Governments, too, have grown to rely on networks of satellites to gather intelligence, direct weapons systems, forecast climate and weather changes, mo

45、nitor agriculture, and operate communications and navigation systems. Experts calculate that debris will now strike one of the 900 active satellites in LEO every two or three years. For the first time, junk is the single biggest risk factor to equipment in some orbits. Among the orbital threats are

46、two former Soviet nuclear reactors. Even the International Space Station may one day be at risk, as debris slowly descends to its 350-kilometer orbit.Iridium 33 were launched 4 years earlier than Cosmos 2251.ARightBWrongCNot mentioned 11.Taking a Dim View of Solar Energy 12.Haute Tech 13.Things in the henhouse changed practically overnight when McDonalds announced in 1999 that it would no longer buy eggs from producers who didnt meet its guidelines for care of chickens. Those guidelines included limiting the (51) of birds that could be kept in one (52) and prohibiting beak removal, (53) trim