2023年四川职称英语考试模拟卷（8）.docx

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1、2023年四川职称英语考试模拟卷（8）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请选择C。 Experiments have been carried out on volunteers to see what happens when all sensations are stopped. This can b

2、e done in several ways. One method is to put a man inside a completely isolated room. This room is heavily sound-proofed and absolutely dark. There is no light or sound and the person is instructed just to lie motionless in a bed. People have stayed in rooms such as this for as long as four days. Th

3、e results of sensory deprivation (SD) vary with the individual. Soon after entering the confinement cell most subjects went to sleep and slept almost without interruption for ten to twenty-four hours. These are gross estimates for there was nothing by which the subjects could determine the time whic

4、h had elapsed. We know for certain that one subject slept for nineteen hours but insisted that he had had a nap of less than one hour. According to the monitoring microphone, which was capable of picking up the deep breathing of sleep, it seems more likely that most subjects slept all of the first t

5、wenty-four hours. We felt that so much sleeping in the first day wasted the effects of confinement, so we started placing subjects in SD early in the morning. We reasoned that after a night s sleep our confined subject would be unable to dissipate(驱散) the effects of SD by sleeping. Such was not the

6、case. As far as we could determine they went to sleep just as quickly and slept just as long as the previous subjects. We then started entering the subjects at midmorning, midday, and midafternoon. As it turned out, it made no difference when during the day and, presumably, during the night we start

7、ed the confinement; the initial sleep period was always about the same. We had not expected this extended period of initial sleep. In fact, it had seemed reasonable to expect something of the opposite. SD was a very novel situation for our subjects, and as such, we reasoned, it should have occupied

8、them for some time. I had a similar expectation for astronauts during space flight and was greatly surprised to learn that the Russian astronaut Yuri Gagarin had been able to sleep during his space flight around the earth. Other effects were also noted. With no real sensations to work on, the brain

9、makes up all sorts of false information. Many people experience vivid dreams and hallucinations (幻觉). When they are finally taken out of the room into the real changing world of light and sound, they are in a very strange state of mind, ready to believe anything and not really able to make decisions

10、.Many people are subject to fantasy while in the sensory deprivation cell. AA. RightBB. WrongCC. Not mentioned 2.B第二篇/B Certainly no creature in the sea is odder than the common sea cucumber(海参). All living creatures, especially human beings, have their peculiarities, but everything about the little

11、 sea cucumber seems unusual. What else can be said about an odd animal that, among other eccentricities, eats mud, feeds almost continuously day and night but can live without eating for long periods, and can be poisonous hut is considered supremely edible by gourmets(美食家) For some fifty million yea

12、rs, despite all its eccentricities, the sea cucumber has subsisted on its diet of mud. It is adaptable enough to live attached to rocks by its tube feet, under rocks in shallow water, or on the surface of mud fiats. Common in cool water on both Atlantic and Pacific shores, it has the ability to suck

13、 up .mud or sand and digest whatever nutrients are present. Sea cucumbers come in a variety of colors, ranging from black to reddish-brown to sandcolor and nearly white. One form even had vivid purple tentacles. Usually the creatures are cucumbers-shapedhence their nameand because they are typically

14、 rock inhabitants, this shape, combined with flexibility, enables them to squeeze into narrow cracks where they are safe from predators and ocean currents. Although they have voracious appetites, eating day and night, sea cucumbers have the capacity to become inactive and live at a low metabolic rat

15、e feeding sparingly or not at all for long periods, so that the marine organisms that provide their food have a chance to multiply. If it were not for this faculty, they would devour all the food available in a short time and would probably starve themselves out of existence. But the most spectacula

16、r thing about the sea cucumber is the way it defends itself. Its major enemies are fish and crabs, when attacked, it squirts all its internal organs into the water. It also casts off attached structures such as tentacles. The sea cucumber will eviscerate排除内脏) and regenerate itself if it is attacked

17、or even touched; it will do the same if the surrounding water temperature is too high or if the water becomes too polluted.What can be inferred about the defense mechanisms of the sea cucumber AThey are very sensitive to surrounding stimuli.BThey are similar to those of most sea creatures.CThey are

18、completely defenseless when attacked.DThey are intelligent sea creatures. 3.阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给-出4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。 At the bottom of the world lies a mighty continent still wrapped in the Ice Age and, until recent times, unknown to man. It is a great land mass crisscrossed by mountainU

19、(51) /Uwhose extent and elevation are still uncertain. Much of theU (52) /Uis a complete blank on our maps. A 1,000-mile stretch of the coastline has never beenU (53) /Uby any ship. Man hasU (54) /U, on foot, less than one per cent of its ares. Antarctica differs fundamentally from the Arctic region

20、s. The Arctic is an ocean,U (55) /Uwith drifting packed ice and surrounded by the land masses of Europe, Asia, and North America. The Antarctic is a continent nearly asU (56) /Uas Europe and Au stralia combined, centered roughlyU (57) /Uthe South Pole andU (58) /Uby the most unobstructed water areas

21、 of the worldthe Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans. The continental iceU (59) /Uis more than two miles high at its center; thus, the air over the Antarctic is far more refrigerated than it is over the Arctic regions. ThisU (60) /Uair cascades off the land with suchU (61) /Uthat it makes the nearb

22、y seas the stormiest in the world and rendersU (62) /Uthose regions whose counterparts at the opposite end of theU (63) /Uare inhabited. Thus, more than a million persons live within 2,000 miles of the North Pole in an area thatU (64) /Umost of Alaska, Siberia, and Scandenaviaa regionU (65) /Uin for

23、est and mining industries. Except for a handful of weather stations, within the same distance of the South Pole there is not a single tree, industry, or settlement. AcoveredBfilledCconnectedDlined 4.B第三篇/B It is often claimed that nuclear energy is something we cannot do without. We live in a consum

24、er society where there is an enormous demand for commercial products of all kinds. Moreover, an increase in industrial production is considered to be one solution to the problem of mass unemployment. Such an increase presumes an abundant and cheap energy supply. Many people believe that nuclear ener

25、gy provides an inexhaustible and economical source of power and that it is therefore essential for an industrially developing society. There are a number of other advantages in the use of nuclear energy. Firstly, nuclear power, except for accidents, is clean. A further advantage is that a nuclear po

26、wer station can be run and maintained by relatively few technical and administrative staff. The nuclear reactor represents an enormous step in our scientific evolution and, whatever the anti-nuclear group says, it is wrong to expect a return to more primitive sources of fuel. However, opponents of n

27、uclear energy point out that nuclear power stations bring a direct threat not only to the environment but also to civil liberties. Furthermore, it is questionable whether ultimately nuclear power is a cheap source of energy. There have, for example, been very costly accidents in America, in Britain

28、and, of course, in Russia. The possibility of increases in the cost of uranium (铀) in addition to the cost of greater safety provisions could price nuclear power out of the market. In the long run, environmentalists argue, nuclear energy wastes valuable resources and disturbs the ecology to an exten

29、t which could bring about the destruction of the human race. Thus, if we wish to .survive, we cannot afford nuclear energy. In spite of the case against nuclear energy outlined above, nuclear energy programmes are expanding. Such an expansion assumes a continual growth in industrial production and c

30、onsumer demands. However, it is doubtful whether this growth, will or can continue. Having weighed up the arguments on both sides, it seems there are good economic and ecological reasons for sources of energy other than nuclear power.The function of the last sentence is to _. Aadvance the final argu

31、mentBreflect the writers attitudeCreverse previously expressed thoughtsDshow the disadvantages of nuclear power 5.阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请选择C。 Experiments have been carried out on volunteers to see what happens when all sensations are

32、stopped. This can be done in several ways. One method is to put a man inside a completely isolated room. This room is heavily sound-proofed and absolutely dark. There is no light or sound and the person is instructed just to lie motionless in a bed. People have stayed in rooms such as this for as lo

33、ng as four days. The results of sensory deprivation (SD) vary with the individual. Soon after entering the confinement cell most subjects went to sleep and slept almost without interruption for ten to twenty-four hours. These are gross estimates for there was nothing by which the subjects could dete

34、rmine the time which had elapsed. We know for certain that one subject slept for nineteen hours but insisted that he had had a nap of less than one hour. According to the monitoring microphone, which was capable of picking up the deep breathing of sleep, it seems more likely that most subjects slept

35、 all of the first twenty-four hours. We felt that so much sleeping in the first day wasted the effects of confinement, so we started placing subjects in SD early in the morning. We reasoned that after a night s sleep our confined subject would be unable to dissipate(驱散) the effects of SD by sleeping

36、. Such was not the case. As far as we could determine they went to sleep just as quickly and slept just as long as the previous subjects. We then started entering the subjects at midmorning, midday, and midafternoon. As it turned out, it made no difference when during the day and, presumably, during

37、 the night we started the confinement; the initial sleep period was always about the same. We had not expected this extended period of initial sleep. In fact, it had seemed reasonable to expect something of the opposite. SD was a very novel situation for our subjects, and as such, we reasoned, it sh

38、ould have occupied them for some time. I had a similar expectation for astronauts during space flight and was greatly surprised to learn that the Russian astronaut Yuri Gagarin had been able to sleep during his space flight around the earth. Other effects were also noted. With no real sensations to

39、work on, the brain makes up all sorts of false information. Many people experience vivid dreams and hallucinations (幻觉). When they are finally taken out of the room into the real changing world of light and sound, they are in a very strange state of mind, ready to believe anything and not really abl

40、e to make decisions.It took a long time for the subjects to adapt themselves to sensory deprivation. AA. RightBB. WrongCC. Not mentioned 6.阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给-出4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。 At the bottom of the world lies a mighty continent still wrapped in the Ice Age and, until recent times, unk

41、nown to man. It is a great land mass crisscrossed by mountainU (51) /Uwhose extent and elevation are still uncertain. Much of theU (52) /Uis a complete blank on our maps. A 1,000-mile stretch of the coastline has never beenU (53) /Uby any ship. Man hasU (54) /U, on foot, less than one per cent of it

42、s ares. Antarctica differs fundamentally from the Arctic regions. The Arctic is an ocean,U (55) /Uwith drifting packed ice and surrounded by the land masses of Europe, Asia, and North America. The Antarctic is a continent nearly asU (56) /Uas Europe and Au stralia combined, centered roughlyU (57) /U

43、the South Pole andU (58) /Uby the most unobstructed water areas of the worldthe Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans. The continental iceU (59) /Uis more than two miles high at its center; thus, the air over the Antarctic is far more refrigerated than it is over the Arctic regions. ThisU (60) /Uair

44、cascades off the land with suchU (61) /Uthat it makes the nearby seas the stormiest in the world and rendersU (62) /Uthose regions whose counterparts at the opposite end of theU (63) /Uare inhabited. Thus, more than a million persons live within 2,000 miles of the North Pole in an area thatU (64) /U

45、most of Alaska, Siberia, and Scandenaviaa regionU (65) /Uin forest and mining industries. Except for a handful of weather stations, within the same distance of the South Pole there is not a single tree, industry, or settlement. AgoodBpowerfulCrichDlarge 7.阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给-出4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选

46、择1个最佳答案。 At the bottom of the world lies a mighty continent still wrapped in the Ice Age and, until recent times, unknown to man. It is a great land mass crisscrossed by mountainU (51) /Uwhose extent and elevation are still uncertain. Much of theU (52) /Uis a complete blank on our maps. A 1,000-mile

47、 stretch of the coastline has never beenU (53) /Uby any ship. Man hasU (54) /U, on foot, less than one per cent of its ares. Antarctica differs fundamentally from the Arctic regions. The Arctic is an ocean,U (55) /Uwith drifting packed ice and surrounded by the land masses of Europe, Asia, and North America. The Antarctic is a continent nearly asU (56) /Uas Europe and Au stralia combined, centered roughlyU (57) /Uthe South Pole andU (58) /Uby t