2023年山东GRE考试考前冲刺卷.docx

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1、2023年山东GRE考试考前冲刺卷本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.In the 160 years in which handedness has been studied we have learned quite a lot, but we still cannot precisely describe what causes humans_to use one hand over the other, or why human populations are_towar

2、d right-hand use rather than left-hand use.(A) infrequently prejudiced(B) habitually neutral(C) preferentially biased(D) perennially disinterested(E) invariably indisposed 2.The thesis under consideration was fundamentally_to the readers of that mendacious publication, and I would therefore like to

3、use this opportunity, to stake out some of the basic arguments in need of_.(A) coherent restatement(B) disavowed availability(C) misrepresented clarification(D) incomprehensible dismissal(E) irrelevant subordination 3.According to the passage, the dynamics of small group economies differ from those

4、of large group economies in that(A) the members of small groups tend to have a greater degree of social regularity than the members of large groups(B) people in small groups carry an advantage in the arena of exchange because they are tied by social obligation(C) the manufacturer of a commodity in a

5、 small group economy is more likely to be known by the members of the group(D) the people who contribute to the production of a gift are less essential to small groups than those who exchange commodities are in large groups(E) a system of social obligation diminishes the number of parties necessary

6、to a gift-giving transaction 4.The separation of religion from the state does not mean the establishment of irreligion by the state, still less the imposition of_philosophy.(A) a parochial(B) a secular(C) a liberal(D) a pious(E) an aristocratic 5.While the causes of the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinctio

7、n have received the most attention, Alvarezs paper points out work on the other major mass extinctions that may also be_for the tragedy.(A) answerable(B) indefensible(C) pitiable(D) reprehensible(E) avoidable 6.Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage(A) A description of

8、 a problem in one area of economics, followed by a revision of the description for two other areas.(B) A description of a problem in one area economics, followed by a successful counter-example, then the description of a problem in a second area.(C) A description of the successful application of eco

9、nomics to one subject, followed by a description of its limitations in two other areas.(D) A description of one area of economics, whose problems are compared with those of two other areas of economics.(E) A critical distinction between problems in two separate areas of economics. 7.Sadly, Americans

10、 of every ethnicity still demand ideological_among their own kind-although were all multiculturalists now, were much more_discussing diversity across the rainbow than within each color.(A) conformity comfortable(B) hegemony cantankerous(C) resonance sensitive(D) subservience catholic(E) reflection g

11、enerous 8.Although he was_in his efforts to persuade us of the justness of his cause, his past history,_with failures, prevented us from being any more than skeptical at his words.(A) tireless marred(B) sage coupled(C) resourceful . . . immaculate(D) unassuming tinged(E) unyielding touched 9.Which o

12、f the following might serve as the most appropriate title for the passage(A) Small Groups and Governments, A Comparison of Two Economic Methods(B) Social Obligation and the Consumer: A Case Study(C) Regular vs. Irregular Systems in Economics(D) The Comparative Strength of Economics in Various Areas(

13、E) The Triumph of Analysis in Economic Theory 10.With legal migration, governments need to persuade voters that they are accepting immigrants who will be_for the country, rather than those who will_drain resources.(A) beneficial merely(B) jingoistic withal(C) exotic constantly(D) amusing ungraciousl

14、y(E) helpful seldom 11.In the passage, the author is primarily concerned with(A) searching for an accurate method of determining whether the universe is finite or infinite(B) discussing problems and possibilities involved in providing a definite picture of the shape of the universe(C) declaring oppo

15、sition to the notion that spherical geometry is a possible model for the shape of the universe(D) criticizing discredited theories about the possible topologies of the universe(E) refuting the idea that there is no way to tell whether the universe is finite and if so what shape it has 12.Which of th

16、e following does the passage imply about the notion that the universe may be based on a spherical geometry(A) Of the three models of spatial curvature proposed by Einstein, only spherical geometry contradicts the Euclidean model.(B) The primary evidence for the notion is that that observers cannot s

17、ee spatial flexure directly, but perceive it as gravitational attraction.(C) Space mapped on the spherical geometrical model may curve in one of three ways, as Einstein proposed.(D) Spheres typically contain only three dimensions, whereas most models of the universe attribute it at least four.(E) Sc

18、ientists are skeptical, given that mass and energy quantities seem insufficient, yet ultimately do not know enough to dismiss the notion. 13.The author refers to the illusion of seeing crowds primarily in order to(A) illustrate that relativity theory remains a useful tool in determining the topology

19、 of the universe(B) indicate a descriptive advantage that toruses might have over Euclidean or hyperbolic universes(C) argue that empirical methods of determining the shape of the universe are invariably doomed to failure(D) suggest that the common sense behind the notion that the universe is simply

20、- connected may be misguided(E) assert that two models of the geometry of the universe may vary in terms of observable predictions but be mathematically equivalent 14.It can be inferred from the passage that economic theory as it presently stands would most likely apply to which of the following sit

21、uations(A) A parliamentary system, where senior members vote by secret ballot.(B) An arts guild, where voting authority is determined by the level of skill at a craft.(C) A fan club, where a president elects other members of the club.(D) A board of trustees group, where all members vote to make comp

22、any decisions. E) A monarchy, where a king consults his vassal lords before making decisions. 15.The ancient notion (line 14) to which the author refers to is the idea that(A) infinite space, by definition, can exist but cannot be observed from an external reference point(B) in order for there to be

23、 an outside to the universe, the ultimate physical reality must be a Euclidean planar space(C) one cannot observe the edge of any object, including the universe, except by using a perspective external to it(D) the universe can always be redefined to include what is beyond an absolute reference point

24、(E) the universe is a hypersphere which must be embedded in higher-dimensional space than that given by Euclidean geometry 16.According to the passage, an important limitation of relativity theory is that(A) it fails to describe space on a non-local level, complicating attempts to determine the geom

25、etrical model of the universe(B) it cannot account for the possibility that the universe may be multiply- connected instead of singly-connected(C) it yields inconsistencies in spatial topology equations, discriminating unnecessarily between the torus and the plane(D) it creates the illusion that obs

26、ervable space is curved, when in fact the universe may be Euclidean and planar(E) it does not provides sufficient variety in geometrical models to describe all the possible ways in which space may curve 17.Which of the following best describes the relationship of the second paragraph to the first(A)

27、 The second paragraph limits the applicability of the theoretical method described in the first paragraph.(B) The second paragraph provides further elaboration on why an assertion made at the end of the first paragraph proves true in most cases.(C) The second paragraph provides additional informatio

28、n in support of a hypothesis stated in the first paragraph.(D) The second paragraph provides an example of a case in which the assumption described in the first paragraph is warranted.(E) The second paragraph describes a phenomenon that has the same cause as the phenomenon described in the first par

29、agraph. 18.Disease is a fluid concept influenced by societal and cultural attitudes that change diachronically in response to new scientific and medical discoveries. Historically, doctors defined a disease according to a cluster of symptoms, and Live as their clinical descriptions became more sophis

30、ticated, they started to classify diseases into separate groups, so that from this medical taxonomy came new insights into disease etiology. Before the 20th century, schizophrenia and syphilitic insanity were treated as the same disease, but by early 1900 it became evident that psychoses without ass

31、ociated dementia represented a separate disease for which the term schizophrenia was then coined. The definition of schizophrenia continues to evolve from the psychiatric disease of the 1960s to an illness with a suspected genetic etiology, though the existence of such an etiology remains uncertain.

32、 While an optimistic hunt is still on for the genes involved, we must continue to define schizophrenia in terms of the presence or absence of positive and negative symptoms.Labeling someone as diseased, however, has enormous individual, social, financial, and physical implications, for irrespective

33、of disease symptoms, the label itself may lead to significant distress. Individuals with asymptomatic conditions, including genetic variations, may be perceived by themselves or others as having a disease. It is not that labeling someone as diseased is always positiveit does have severe ramification

34、s, affecting decisions to have children or resulting in unjust treatment by life, medical, and disability insurersbut it can be beneficial, legitimizing symptoms, clarifying issues of personal responsibility, and improving accessibility to health care. Nevertheless, deviations from normal that are n

35、ot associated with risk should not be considered synonymous with disease. Two schools nominalist and essentialist or reductionisthave debated the clinical criteria used to label a patient as diseased. Nominalists label symptoms with a disease name, such as schizophrenia, and do not offer an explanat

36、ion of the underlying etiology, while essentialists contend that for every disease there is an underlying pathological etiology, and now argue that the essential lesion defining the disease state is a genetic abnormality.It has been suggested that diseases defined according to the essentialist tradi

37、tion may be precisely wrong, whereas those defined in the nominalist traditional may be roughly accurate. But in labeling a disease state, we must consider both the phenotype (symptoms) or the genotype (genetic abnormality), for the former describes a state that places individuals at some definable

38、risk of adverse consequences, while the latter helps suggest specific genetic or pharmacologic therapies. Thus, both clinical criteria and genetic abnormalities should be used to define a disease state, and the choice of a disease definition will vary according to what one wishes to achieve, the gen

39、etic counseling of family members or the effective treatment of the patient.The author of the passage is primarily concerned with_.Arevealing a commonly ignored distinctionBproposing a return to a traditional taxonomical systemCdescribing an way to resolve a taxonomical dilemmaDassessing the success

40、 of a new taxonomical methodEpredicting a change in future taxonomy 19.Scientists have long sought the reasons for the relatively young age of the majority of Martian meteorites discovered on Earth in comparison with the age of Mars, an enigma exarcebated by the fact that the Martian rocks were ejec

41、ted Line by only six or seven separate impact events. Previous tests had predicted that driving meteorites to Earth would require a collision with an asteroid immense enough to make a crater 12-kilometers across, but because such huge impacts are extremely infrequent, it was unlikely that enough of

42、them could have occurred to explain our planets Martian meteorite collection. Now astronomer James Heads higher-resolution models demonstrate that collisions making craters only three kilometers across can jettison 10 million fragments, each about 10 centimeters across, into space, a distribution su

43、fficient to cause some of them to be found on Earth. Sections of the planet covered by debris (thus likely to be made up of older terrain) would require larger and hence rarer impacts, and thus meteorites which reach Earth are predictably biased toward younger ages.Scientists have long sought the re

44、asons for the relatively young age of the majority of Martian meteorites discovered on Earth in comparison with the age of Mars, an enigma exarcebated by the fact that the Martian rocks were ejected Line by only six or seven separate impact events. Previous tests had predicted that driving meteorite

45、s to Earth would require a collision with an asteroid immense enough to make a crater 12-kilometers across, but because such huge impacts are extremely infrequent, it was unlikely that enough of them could have occurred to explain our planets Martian meteorite collection. Now astronomer James Heads

46、higher-resolution models demonstrate that collisions making craters only three kilometers across can jettison 10 million fragments, each about 10 centimeters across, into space, a distribution sufficient to cause some of them to be found on Earth. Sections of the planet covered by debris (thus likel

47、y to be made up of older terrain) would require larger and hence rarer impacts, and thus meteorites which reach Earth are predictably biased toward younger ages.The passage is primarily concerned with_.Apresenting an argument to support a particular hypothesisBsuggesting an answer to a theoretical questionCquestioning the assumptions of a research projectDcriticizing experimental resultsEexplaining the origin of certain scientific data 20.Disease is a fluid concept influenced by societal and cultural attitudes that