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1、TodaysTodaysTodaysTodays celebrationscelebrationscelebrationscelebrations markingmarkingmarkingmarking thethethethe 30th30th30th30th anniversaryanniversaryanniversaryanniversary ofofofof ChinasChinasChinasChinas reformreformreformreform andandandand openingopeningopeningopeningupupupup shouldshoulds

2、houldshould havehavehavehave beenbeenbeenbeen euphoriceuphoriceuphoriceuphoric forforforfor thethethethe countrycountrycountrycountry andandandand thethethethe worldworldworldworld-forforforfor thethethethe benefitsbenefitsbenefitsbenefits totototobothbothbothboth areareareare allallallall tootootoo

3、too apparent.apparent.apparent.apparent.Instead,Instead,Instead,Instead,amidamidamidamid thethethethe globalglobalglobalglobal economiceconomiceconomiceconomic gloom,gloom,gloom,gloom,theytheytheythey willwillwillwill bebebebe muted.muted.muted.muted.TheTheTheThe decouplingdecouplingdecouplingdecoup

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5、hemselves inininin a a a a tightertightertightertighter embraceembraceembraceembrace thanthanthanthan before.before.before.before.SoSoSoSo inininin China,China,China,China,theretheretherethere willwillwillwill bebebebe somesomesomesome inevitableinevitableinevitableinevitable grousesgrousesgrousesgr

6、ouses aboutaboutaboutabout howhowhowhow reformreformreformreform andandandand openingopeningopeningopeningupupupup havehavehavehavenotnotnotnot broughtbroughtbroughtbrought homehomehomehome richesrichesrichesriches andandandand ever-risingever-risingever-risingever-rising prosperityprosperityprosper

7、ityprosperity totototo all.all.all.all.TheTheTheThe laid-offlaid-offlaid-offlaid-off StateStateStateState enterpriseenterpriseenterpriseenterprise workerworkerworkerworker wouldwouldwouldwould nononono doubtdoubtdoubtdoubt preferpreferpreferprefer thethethethe daysdaysdaysdays ofofofof jobjobjobjob

8、andandandandperkperkperkperk securitysecuritysecuritysecurity forforforfor life.life.life.life.TheTheTheThe DongguanDongguanDongguanDongguan toytoytoytoy factoryfactoryfactoryfactory workerworkerworkerworker willwillwillwill wonderwonderwonderwonder whetherwhetherwhetherwhether thethethethesacrifice

9、sacrificesacrificesacrifice ofofofof leavingleavingleavingleaving homehomehomehome forforforfor a a a a jobjobjobjob thousandsthousandsthousandsthousands ofofofof kilometerskilometerskilometerskilometers awayawayawayaway onlyonlyonlyonly forforforfor hishishishisoverseasoverseasoverseasoverseas boss

10、bossbossboss totototo d d d decampecampecampecamp overnightovernightovernightovernight is is is is worthworthworthworth it.it.it.it.State-ownedState-ownedState-ownedState-owned enterprises,enterprises,enterprises,enterprises,broughtbroughtbroughtbrought totototo thethethethe altaraltaraltaraltar ofo

11、fofof thethethethe marketplacemarketplacemarketplacemarketplace-somesomesomesome eagerly,eagerly,eagerly,eagerly,somesomesomesome reluctantlyreluctantlyreluctantlyreluctantly-inininin ongoingongoingongoingongoing marketmarketmarketmarket reformreformreformreform willwillwillwill bebebebe carefullyca

12、refullycarefullycarefully evaluatingevaluatingevaluatingevaluating theirtheirtheirtheirposition.position.position.position.TheyTheyTheyThey areareareare globalglobalglobalglobal marketmarketmarketmarket playersplayersplayersplayers seekingseekingseekingseeking innovation,innovation,innovation,innova

13、tion,adequateadequateadequateadequate levelslevelslevelslevels ofofofofcapital,capital,capital,capital,thethethethe ri ri ri rightghtghtght technologytechnologytechnologytechnology andandandand marketingmarketingmarketingmarketing strategies;strategies;strategies;strategies;yetyetyetyet therethereth

14、erethere areareareare callscallscallscalls allallallall roundroundroundroundforforforfor themthemthemthemnotnotnotnot totototo laylaylaylay offoffoffoffanyanyanyany workersworkersworkersworkers-indeed,indeed,indeed,indeed,notnotnotnot eveneveneveneven cutcutcutcut year-endyear-endyear-endyear-end bo

15、nuses.bonuses.bonuses.bonuses.NoNoNoNo doubt,doubt,doubt,doubt,asasasas toptoptoptop leadersleadersleadersleaders gathergathergathergather todaytodaytodaytoday atatatat thethethethe GreatGreatGreatGreat HallHallHallHall ofofofof thethethethe PeoplePeoplePeoplePeople totototo markmarkmarkmark thethet

16、hetheepoch-makingepoch-makingepoch-makingepoch-making daydaydayday 30303030 yearsyearsyearsyears afterafterafterafter thethethethe countrycountrycountrycountry decideddecideddecideddecided onononon reformsreformsreformsreforms andandandand openingopeningopeningopening upupupuptotototo thethethethe w

17、orld,world,world,world,theretheretherethere willwillwillwill bebebebe sombersombersombersomber reflectionreflectionreflectionreflection alongalongalongalong withwithwithwith a a a a strongstrongstrongstrong sensesensesensesense ofofofofachievement.achievement.achievement.achievement.TheyTheyTheyThey

18、 willwillwillwill stressstressstressstress thethethethe remarkableremarkableremarkableremarkable progressprogressprogressprogress chartedchartedchartedcharted overoveroverover thethethethe 30303030 years;years;years;years;and,and,and,and,asasasas theytheytheythey seseseseA A A Awomanwomanwomanwoman

19、talkstalkstalkstalks onononon herherherher cellcellcellcell phonephonephonephone inininin frontfrontfrontfront ofofofof a a a aphotowhichphotowhichphotowhichphotowhich waswaswaswas takentakentakentaken inininin thethethethe 1990s1990s1990s1990s andandandand showedshowedshowedshoweda a a a womanwoman

20、womanwoman usingusingusingusing anananan old-fashionedmobileold-fashionedmobileold-fashionedmobileold-fashionedmobile device,device,device,device,DecemberDecemberDecemberDecember 18,18,18,18,2008.2008.2008.2008.TheTheTheThe showshowshowshow featuresfeaturesfeaturesfeatures aboutaboutaboutabout800800

21、800800 photosphotosphotosphotos takentakentakentaken acrossacrossacrossacross thethethethe countrycountrycountrycountry duringduringduringduring thethethethepastpastpastpast threethreethreethree decadesdecadesdecadesdecades totototo highlighighlighighlighighlighthththt thethethethe majormajormajorma

22、jorchangeschangeschangeschanges ChinaChinaChinaChina hashashashas gonegonegonegone throughthroughthroughthrough sincesincesincesince 1978.1978.1978.1978.AsianewsphotoAsianewsphotoAsianewsphotoAsianewsphotot t t t thethethethe agendaagendaagendaagenda forforforfor thethethethe comingcomingcomingcomin

23、g years,years,years,years,willwillwillwill mostmostmostmost likelylikelylikelylikely pointpointpointpoint outoutoutout thatthatthatthat thethethethe needneedneedneed is is is is forforforformoremoremoremore reform,reform,reform,reform,notnotnotnot less.less.less.less.Yes,Yes,Yes,Yes,theretheretheret

24、here havehavehavehave beenbeenbeenbeen birthbirthbirthbirth pangs;pangs;pangs;pangs;andandandand theretheretherethere willwillwillwill bebebebe growinggrowinggrowinggrowing pains.pains.pains.pains.AsAsAsAs DengDengDengDengXiaoping,Xiaoping,Xiaoping,Xiaoping,thethethethe architectarchitectarchitectar

25、chitect ofofofof thethethethe reforms,reforms,reforms,reforms,prescientlyprescientlyprescientlypresciently saidsaidsaidsaid inininin 1993,1993,1993,1993,wewewewe willwillwillwill encounterencounterencounterencountermoremoremoremore problemsproblemsproblemsproblemsasasasaswewewewe developdevelopdevel

26、opdevelop thanthanthanthan wewewewe wouldwouldwouldwould if if if if werewerewerewere inininin a a a a statestatestatestate ofofofof under-under-under-under-development.development.development.development.ButButButBut thethethethe phenomenalphenomenalphenomenalphenomenal successsuccesssuccesssuccess

27、ofofofof thethethethe reformreformreformreform andandandand openingopeningopeningopening upupupupis is is isnotnotnotnot remotelyremotelyremotelyremotely inininin doubtdoubtdoubtdoubt-fewfewfewfew whowhowhowho havehavehavehave seenseenseenseen thethethethe changes,changes,changes,changes,eithereithe

28、reithereither inininin ChinaChinaChinaChina orororor overseas,overseas,overseas,overseas,havehavehavehave questionsquestionsquestionsquestionsaboutaboutaboutaboutitsitsitsitshistorichistorichistorichistoric significance.significance.significance.significance.MereMereMereMere statisticalstatisticalst

29、atisticalstatistical evidenceevidenceevidenceevidenceis is is isjaw-dropping.jaw-dropping.jaw-dropping.jaw-dropping.SimplySimplySimplySimply put,put,put,put,nevernevernevernever inininin historyhistoryhistoryhistory havehavehavehave thethethetheliveslivesliveslivesofofofof sosososo manymanymanymany

30、millionsmillionsmillionsmillionsbeenbeenbeenbeen transformedtransformedtransformedtransformed inininin suchsuchsuchsuch a a a a shortshortshortshort period.period.period.period.MoreMoreMoreMore compellingly,compellingly,compellingly,compellingly,it it it itis is is isaboutaboutaboutabout peoplepeopl

31、epeoplepeople-onceonceonceonce helplesshelplesshelplesshelpless individualsindividualsindividualsindividuals startingstartingstartingstarting upupupup theirtheirtheirtheirownownownown business,business,business,business,poorpoorpoorpoor villagesvillagesvillagesvillages becomingbecomingbecomingbecomi

32、ng better-offbetter-offbetter-offbetter-off communities,communities,communities,communities,sleepysleepysleepysleepy townstownstownstownsthrivingthrivingthrivingthriving inininin modernmodernmodernmodern manufacturingmanufacturingmanufacturingmanufacturing andandandand winningwinningwinningwinning c

33、ontractscontractscontractscontractsworldwide.worldwide.worldwide.worldwide.Poverty,Poverty,Poverty,Poverty,a a a a legacylegacylegacylegacy fromfromfromfrom thethethethe warswarswarswarsandandandand socialsocialsocialsocial turmoilturmoilturmoilturmoil inininin mostmostmostmost ofofofof thethethethe

34、 20th20th20th20th century,century,century,century,hashashashasbeenbeenbeenbeen effectivelyeffectivelyeffectivelyeffectively reduced,reduced,reduced,reduced,asasasasnationalnationalnationalnational welfarewelfarewelfarewelfare programs,programs,programs,programs,suchsuchsuchsuchasasasashealthhealthhe

35、althhealth andandandandeducation,education,education,education,continuecontinuecontinuecontinue totototo bebebebe improved.improved.improved.improved.A A A Amodernmodernmodernmodern marketmarketmarketmarket economy,economy,economy,economy,forforforfor allallallall itsitsitsitsinadequacies,inadequaci

36、es,inadequacies,inadequacies,hashashashas beenbeenbeenbeen providingprovidingprovidingproviding increasingincreasingincreasingincreasingchoiceschoiceschoiceschoicesandandandand opportunitiesopportunitiesopportunitiesopportunitiesforforforfor thethethethe worldsworldsworldsworldslargestlargestlargest

37、largest workingworkingworkingworking population.population.population.population.InInInIn contrast,contrast,contrast,contrast,30303030 yearsyearsyearsyears ago,ago,ago,ago,manymanymanymany peoplepeoplepeoplepeople hadhadhadhad questionsquestionsquestionsquestions andandandand eveneveneveneven quiteq

38、uitequitequite seriousseriousseriousseriousdoubts.doubts.doubts.doubts.ConflictingConflictingConflictingConflicting reportsreportsreportsreportsaboutaboutaboutabout ChinaChinaChinaChina werewerewerewere printedprintedprintedprinted sidesidesideside bybybyby sidesidesideside inininin newspapers.newsp

39、apers.newspapers.newspapers.Now,Now,Now,Now,it it it it wouldwouldwouldwould bebebebe instructiveinstructiveinstructiveinstructive totototo recallrecallrecallrecall somesomesomesome ofofofof thethethethe skeptical,skeptical,skeptical,skeptical,if if if if notnotnotnot cynical,cynical,cynical,cynical

40、,commentscommentscommentscommentsthatthatthatthat ChinaChinaChinaChina onceonceonceonce heardheardheardheard fromfromfromfrom overseasoverseasoverseasoverseasandandandand comparecomparecomparecompare themthemthemthem withwithwithwith reality.reality.reality.reality.ManyManyManyMany ofofofof thosetho

41、sethosethose commentscommentscommentscomments areareareare nononono longerlongerlongerlonger heard.heard.heard.heard.ButButButBut atatatat oneoneoneone timetimetimetime orororor another,another,another,another,theytheytheytheywerewerewerewere beingbeingbeingbeing recycledrecycledrecycledrecycled ata

42、tatat a a a a highhighhighhigh frequency.frequency.frequency.frequency.MaybeMaybeMaybeMaybe theytheytheytheyshouldshouldshouldshould notnotnotnot bebebebe allallallallforgotten,forgotten,forgotten,forgotten,asasasasoccasionallyoccasionallyoccasionallyoccasionally revisitingrevisitingrevisitingrevisi

43、ting themthemthemthem maymaymaymay helphelphelphelp peoplepeoplepeoplepeople betterbetterbetterbetter appreciateappreciateappreciateappreciate thethethethe uniquenessuniquenessuniquenessuniqueness ofofofofthethethethe ChineseChineseChineseChinese r r r reformeformeformeform experience.experience.exp

44、erience.experience.InInInIn thethethethe earlyearlyearlyearly 1980s,1980s,1980s,1980s,whenwhenwhenwhen reformreformreformreform waswaswaswas beingbeingbeingbeing urgedurgedurgedurged bybybyby DengDengDengDeng andandandand hishishishis colleagues,colleagues,colleagues,colleagues,oneoneoneonestandards

45、tandardstandardstandard remarkremarkremarkremark accordingaccordingaccordingaccording totototo thethethethe newnewnewnew linelinelineline ofofofof thethethethe ChineseChineseChineseChinese leadershipleadershipleadershipleadership waswaswaswasneitherneitherneitherneitherdonkeydonkeydonkeydonkey norno

46、rnornor horse.horse.horse.horse.HowHowHowHow couldcouldcouldcould anananan economyeconomyeconomyeconomy which,which,which,which,upupupup totototo thatthatthatthat day,day,day,day,onlyonlyonlyonly featuredfeaturedfeaturedfeatured centralizedcentralizedcentralizedcentralized planningplanningplanningpl

47、anningandandandand controlcontrolcontrolcontrol shiftshiftshiftshift totototo incorporateincorporateincorporateincorporate marketmarketmarketmarket forces?forces?forces?forces?HowHowHowHow couldcouldcouldcould a a a a societysocietysocietysociety wherewherewherewhere nearlynearlynearlynearly everyev

48、eryeveryevery wallwallwallwall onononon thethethethe streetstreetstreetstreet waswaswaswas paintedpaintedpaintedpainted withwithwithwithideologically-chargedideologically-chargedideologically-chargedideologically-charged slogansslogansslogansslogans allowallowallowallow individualsindividualsindivid

49、ualsindividuals totototo dreamdreamdreamdream ofofofof materialmaterialmaterialmaterial incentives?incentives?incentives?incentives?HowHowHowHow couldcouldcouldcould a a a a peoplepeoplepeoplepeople withwithwithwith moremoremoremore thanthanthanthan 80808080 percentpercentpercentpercent ofofofof the

50、mthemthemthem stillstillstillstill livinglivinglivingliving inininin thethethethecountrysidecountrysidecountrysidecountryside doingdoingdoingdoing workworkworkwork notnotnotnot muchmuchmuchmuch differentdifferentdifferentdifferent fromfromfromfrom 1,0001,0001,0001,000 yearsyearsyearsyears earlier,ea