TermsofPayment国际贸易付款条件.pptx

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1、2007Thomson,apartoftheThomsonCorporation.Thomson,theStarlogo,andAtomicDogaretrademarksusedhereinunderlicense.Allrightsreserved.Terms of Payment2007Thomson,apartoftheThomsonCorporation.Thomson,theStarlogo,andAtomicDogaretrademarksusedhereinunderlicense.Allrightsreserved.CharacteristicsofInternational

2、PaymentIssuesRisksinInternationalTradeAlternativeTermsofPaymentCashinAdvanceOpenAccountLetterofCreditDocumentaryCollectionProcurementCardsTradeCardTermsofPaymentasaMarketingToolTerms of Payment2007Thomson,apartoftheThomsonCorporation.Thomson,theStarlogo,andAtomicDogaretrademarksusedhereinunderlicens

3、e.Allrightsreserved.CharacteristicsofInternationalPaymentIssuesRisksinInternationalTradeAlternativeTermsofPaymentCashinAdvanceOpenAccountLetterofCreditDocumentaryCollectionProcurementCardsTradeCardTermsofPaymentasaMarketingToolTerms of Payment2007Thomson,apartoftheThomsonCorporation.Thomson,theStarl

4、ogo,andAtomicDogaretrademarksusedhereinunderlicense.Allrightsreserved.CharacteristicsofInternationalPaymentIssuesReducedCreditInformationLackofPersonalContactDifficultandExpensiveCollectionsNoEasyLegalRecourseHigherLitigationCostsMistrust2007Thomson,apartoftheThomsonCorporation.Thomson,theStarlogo,a

5、ndAtomicDogaretrademarksusedhereinunderlicense.Allrightsreserved.CharacteristicsofInternationalPaymentIssuesRisksinInternationalTradeAlternativeTermsofPaymentCashinAdvanceOpenAccountLetterofCreditDocumentaryCollectionProcurementCardsTradeCardTermsofPaymentasaMarketingToolTerms of Payment2007Thomson,

6、apartoftheThomsonCorporation.Thomson,theStarlogo,andAtomicDogaretrademarksusedhereinunderlicense.Allrightsreserved.RisksinInternationalTradeCountryRiskCountryriskisalsoknownaspoliticalrisk.Theprobabilityofnotgettingpaidbyacreditor,becausethecreditorscountryhas:Insufficientforeignexchangereserves.Not

7、allowedthecreditortopaythedebt(politicalembargo).Politicalriskcanalsomeantheprobabilityofnationalizationofafirmssubsidiarybythehostcountry.2007Thomson,apartoftheThomsonCorporation.Thomson,theStarlogo,andAtomicDogaretrademarksusedhereinunderlicense.Allrightsreserved.RisksinInternationalTradeCommercia

8、lRiskTheprobabilityofnotgettingpaidbyacreditor,becausethiscreditordoesnothavethefundstopaythedebtorbecausethecreditorrefusestopaythedebt.ExposureTherelativeconsequencesofabad-debtriskforanexporter;theriskofa$50,000losswouldrepresentagreaterexposureforasmallexporterthanforalargeexporter.2007Thomson,a

9、partoftheThomsonCorporation.Thomson,theStarlogo,andAtomicDogaretrademarksusedhereinunderlicense.Allrightsreserved.CharacteristicsofInternationalPaymentIssuesRisksinInternationalTradeAlternativeTermsofPaymentCashinAdvanceOpenAccountLetterofCreditDocumentaryCollectionProcurementCardsTradeCardTermsofPa

10、ymentasaMarketingToolTerms of Payment2007Thomson,apartoftheThomsonCorporation.Thomson,theStarlogo,andAtomicDogaretrademarksusedhereinunderlicense.Allrightsreserved.AlternativeTermsofPaymentCashinAdvanceOpenAccountLetterofCreditDocumentaryCollectionProcurementCardsTradeCard2007Thomson,apartoftheThoms

11、onCorporation.Thomson,theStarlogo,andAtomicDogaretrademarksusedhereinunderlicense.Allrightsreserved.AlternativeTermsofPaymentTable7-1:AdvantagesandDisadvantagesofSeveralTermsofPaymentTermofpaymentProbabilityofLosingtheBusinessbecauseoftheChoiceofMethodofPaymentProbabilityoflossduetoNon-PaymentCashin

12、AdvanceHighNilLetterofCreditFairly HighAlmost NilDocumentaryCollectionLowLowOpenAccountNilRelatively HighTradeCardLowAlmost Nil2007Thomson,apartoftheThomsonCorporation.Thomson,theStarlogo,andAtomicDogaretrademarksusedhereinunderlicense.Allrightsreserved.CharacteristicsofInternationalPaymentIssuesRis

13、ksinInternationalTradeAlternativeTermsofPaymentCashinAdvanceOpenAccountLetterofCreditDocumentaryCollectionProcurementCardsTradeCardTermsofPaymentasaMarketingToolTerms of Payment2007Thomson,apartoftheThomsonCorporation.Thomson,theStarlogo,andAtomicDogaretrademarksusedhereinunderlicense.Allrightsreser

14、ved.CashinAdvanceDefinitionInaCashinAdvancetransaction,theexporterrequeststhatthecustomerprovidepaymentinadvance,beforeshipmentofthegoodscantakeplace.Itistheultimate“risk-free”alternativefortheexporter.InaCashinAdvancetransaction,theriskiscompletelytransferredtotheimporter.2007Thomson,apartoftheThom

15、sonCorporation.Thomson,theStarlogo,andAtomicDogaretrademarksusedhereinunderlicense.Allrightsreserved.CashinAdvanceApplicabilityThismethodisonlyjustifiedinrarecases.Itcouldbeusedwhentheimporterisperceivedasbeingveryhighrisk(commercialorcountryrisk).Itshouldbeavoided.2007Thomson,apartoftheThomsonCorpo

16、ration.Thomson,theStarlogo,andAtomicDogaretrademarksusedhereinunderlicense.Allrightsreserved.CharacteristicsofInternationalPaymentIssuesRisksinInternationalTradeAlternativeTermsofPaymentCashinAdvanceOpenAccountLetterofCreditDocumentaryCollectionProcurementCardsTradeCardTermsofPaymentasaMarketingTool

17、Terms of Payment2007Thomson,apartoftheThomsonCorporation.Thomson,theStarlogo,andAtomicDogaretrademarksusedhereinunderlicense.Allrightsreserved.OpenAccountDefinitionInanOpenAccounttransaction,theexporterconductsinternationalbusinessinamannersimilartothewayitconductsbusinessdomestically.Theexportershi

18、psthegoods,accompaniedbyaninvoice,andexpectstheimportertopaywithinadefinedtimeperiod(30-60days).2007Thomson,apartoftheThomsonCorporation.Thomson,theStarlogo,andAtomicDogaretrademarksusedhereinunderlicense.Allrightsreserved.OpenAccountApplicabilityTheexporterisconfidentthattheimporterwillpay(e.g.long

19、-standingbusinessrelationship).TheexporteriscompetingwithcompaniesthatofferOpenAccountterms.Theexporterwantstocreategoodwill.Incaseswheretheexporterisunsureoftheimporterscredit,theexportercanusecreditinsurance.2007Thomson,apartoftheThomsonCorporation.Thomson,theStarlogo,andAtomicDogaretrademarksused

20、hereinunderlicense.Allrightsreserved.OpenAccountCreditInsuranceAninsurancepolicyunderwhichcommercialriskiscovered.Theinsurancecompanybearstheriskofnon-paymentbytheimporter,deductingaslightpercentageofthereceivable.Creditinsurancedoesnotcoverpoliticalrisk,unlesstheexporterhasexplicitlyaskedforadditio

21、nalpoliticalcoveragethatisobtainedthroughtheEx-ImBank.2007Thomson,apartoftheThomsonCorporation.Thomson,theStarlogo,andAtomicDogaretrademarksusedhereinunderlicense.Allrightsreserved.OpenAccountInternationalFactoringAmeansoffinancinginternationalreceivableaccounts.Thefirmcanaskafactoringcompanytoadvan

22、cefundsonareceivableaccount:Withrecoursewheretheowneroftheaccountreceivableisstillresponsibleforcollectingit.Withoutrecoursewherethecollectionresponsibilityentirelyshiftstothefactoringhouse.2007Thomson,apartoftheThomsonCorporation.Thomson,theStarlogo,andAtomicDogaretrademarksusedhereinunderlicense.A

23、llrightsreserved.CharacteristicsofInternationalPaymentIssuesRisksinInternationalTradeAlternativeTermsofPaymentCashinAdvanceOpenAccountLetterofCreditDocumentaryCollectionProcurementCardsTradeCardTermsofPaymentasaMarketingToolTerms of Payment2007Thomson,apartoftheThomsonCorporation.Thomson,theStarlogo

24、,andAtomicDogaretrademarksusedhereinunderlicense.Allrightsreserved.LetterofCreditDefinitionALetterofCreditisadocumentwithwhichtheimportersbankpromisestopaytheexporteriftheimporterdoesnotpay.ALetterofCreditisdocumentary;theexporterisonlypaidifitcanproducethedocumentsrequiredbytheimportersbank.Theexpo

25、rterisnotpaiduntilitproducesalloftherequireddocumentstotheimportersbank.AlsocalledDocumentaryCredit.2007Thomson,apartoftheThomsonCorporation.Thomson,theStarlogo,andAtomicDogaretrademarksusedhereinunderlicense.Allrightsreserved.LetterofCreditIssuingBankThebankprovidingtheLetterofCredittotheimporter.T

26、hebankthatwillpaytheexporterwhenitprovidesallthenecessarydocuments,shouldtheimporterbeunabletopay.AdvisingBankThebankthatdetermineswhetherthetermsoftheLetterofCreditofferedbytheIssuingBankareappropriate.TheAdvisingBankisgenerallytheexportersregularbank.Insomecases,theexportersbankwilldelegatethisrol

27、etoanotherbankwhichismoreexperiencedininternationaltrade.2007Thomson,apartoftheThomsonCorporation.Thomson,theStarlogo,andAtomicDogaretrademarksusedhereinunderlicense.Allrightsreserved.LetterofCreditApplicantThefirmaskingtheIssuingBankforaLetteraCredit.Usually,theapplicantistheimporter.BeneficiaryThe

28、firmnamedinaLetterofCreditasthefirmtowhichtheissuingbankispromisingpaymentiftheimporterdoesnotpay.Usually,thebeneficiaryofaLetterofCreditistheexporter.2007Thomson,apartoftheThomsonCorporation.Thomson,theStarlogo,andAtomicDogaretrademarksusedhereinunderlicense.Allrightsreserved.LetterofCredit(Process

29、)IssuanceFirstStep-Negotiationbetweenexporterandimporter.SecondStep-Applicant(Importer)requeststhebanktoopenaLetterofCredit(L/C)onimportersbehalfandnamingexporterasbeneficiary.ThirdStep-IssuingBanksendsthisL/CtoAdvisingBank(ExportersBank).FourthStep-TheAdvisingBanknotifiesthebeneficiarythattheL/Cisa

30、cceptable.2007Thomson,apartoftheThomsonCorporation.Thomson,theStarlogo,andAtomicDogaretrademarksusedhereinunderlicense.Allrightsreserved.LetterofCreditIssuanceofaLetterofCredit2007Thomson,apartoftheThomsonCorporation.Thomson,theStarlogo,andAtomicDogaretrademarksusedhereinunderlicense.Allrightsreserv

31、ed.LetterofCredit(Process)ShipmentFifthStepTheexportershipsthemerchandisetotheimporter.Afteralldocumentsarecollected,theexportersendsthemtotheAdvisingBank,whichchecksthemagainstthetermsoftheL/C,andsendsthemtoIssuingBank.Sixthstep-Afterreceivingandcheckingthedocuments,theIssuingBanknotifiestheimporte

32、r,whousesthemtoclearCustoms.2007Thomson,apartoftheThomsonCorporation.Thomson,theStarlogo,andAtomicDogaretrademarksusedhereinunderlicense.Allrightsreserved.LetterofCredit(Process)ShipmentUnderaLetterofCredit2007Thomson,apartoftheThomsonCorporation.Thomson,theStarlogo,andAtomicDogaretrademarksusedhere

33、inunderlicense.Allrightsreserved.LetterofCredit(Process)PaymentSeventhStep-ImporterpaysIssuingBank.EighthStep-IssuingBankpaysAdvisingBank.NinthStep-AdvisingBankpaysExporter.2007Thomson,apartoftheThomsonCorporation.Thomson,theStarlogo,andAtomicDogaretrademarksusedhereinunderlicense.Allrightsreserved.

34、LetterofCredit(Process)PaymentUnderaLetterofCredit2007Thomson,apartoftheThomsonCorporation.Thomson,theStarlogo,andAtomicDogaretrademarksusedhereinunderlicense.Allrightsreserved.LetterofCredit(Process)Entire(Simplified)ProcessofaLetterofCredit2007Thomson,apartoftheThomsonCorporation.Thomson,theStarlo

35、go,andAtomicDogaretrademarksusedhereinunderlicense.Allrightsreserved.LetterofCreditALetterofCreditis:IrrevocableItcannotbealteredwithouttheexpressconsentofallpartiesinvolved.VirtuallyallLettersofCreditareirrevocable.DocumentaryThebeneficiarymustpresentacertainsetofdocuments(billoflading,invoiceandmi

36、scellaneouscertificates)tothebank.Itispaidondocuments,notthesafearrivalofthegoods.2007Thomson,apartoftheThomsonCorporation.Thomson,theStarlogo,andAtomicDogaretrademarksusedhereinunderlicense.Allrightsreserved.LetterofCreditConfirmedLetterofCreditTheexporterasksabanktoprovideanadditionallevelofpaymen

37、tsecuritytoaLetterofCredit.Iftheimporterdoesnotpay,andtheIssuingBankdoesnotpay,theConfirmingBankpays.CorrespondentBankAforeignbankwithwhichadomesticbankhasapreferredbusinessrelationship.2007Thomson,apartoftheThomsonCorporation.Thomson,theStarlogo,andAtomicDogaretrademarksusedhereinunderlicense.Allri

38、ghtsreserved.LetterofCreditDiscrepanciesAdifferencebetweenthedocumentsrequiredbytheLetterofCreditandthedocumentsprovidedbytheexporter.Adiscrepancycanbeassimpleasamisspellingandassignificantasachangeintheinvoiceamount.SinceLettersofCreditaredocumentary,anydiscrepancyis,intheory,aviolationofthetermsof

39、theLetterofCreditandthereforeinvalidatesit.Inpractice,lettersofcreditareamendedwiththeapprovalofboththeissuerandthebeneficiary.2007Thomson,apartoftheThomsonCorporation.Thomson,theStarlogo,andAtomicDogaretrademarksusedhereinunderlicense.Allrightsreserved.LetterofCreditLeadingCausesofDiscrepanciesinLe

40、ttersofCreditasapercentageofalldiscrepancies2007Thomson,apartoftheThomsonCorporation.Thomson,theStarlogo,andAtomicDogaretrademarksusedhereinunderlicense.Allrightsreserved.LetterofCreditAmendmentsAchangetoaLetterofCredittowhichallpartiestoaLetterofCreditagree:theexporter,theimporter,theIssuingBank,an

41、dtheAdvisingBank.Ingeneral,amendmentsareonlymadeiftherearediscrepancies,aseveryamendmentcoststheexporterandimportermoney.2007Thomson,apartoftheThomsonCorporation.Thomson,theStarlogo,andAtomicDogaretrademarksusedhereinunderlicense.Allrightsreserved.LetterofCreditDraftsLettersofCreditcanalsobeaccompan

42、iedbyDrafts,iftheExporterwantstoextendcredittotheImporter.DraftsareexplainedunderDocumentaryCollection.2007Thomson,apartoftheThomsonCorporation.Thomson,theStarlogo,andAtomicDogaretrademarksusedhereinunderlicense.Allrightsreserved.LetterofCreditUCP500Universal Customs and Practice for Documentary Cre

43、dit,1993Revision,InternationalChamberofCommerce.URR525Uniform Rules for Bank-to-Bank Reimbursements under Documentary Credits.OutlinestheresponsibilitiesofthebanksinvolvedininternationaltransactionsundertheUCP500.2007Thomson,apartoftheThomsonCorporation.Thomson,theStarlogo,andAtomicDogaretrademarksu

44、sedhereinunderlicense.Allrightsreserved.LetterofCreditApplicabilityLettersOfCreditusedtobetheinstrumentofallinternationaltransactions.LettersofCreditareanoutstandingmeansofmakingsurethattheexporterwillbepaid.LettersofCreditarecostly.LettersofCreditarecumbersome.2007Thomson,apartoftheThomsonCorporati

45、on.Thomson,theStarlogo,andAtomicDogaretrademarksusedhereinunderlicense.Allrightsreserved.LetterofCreditStand-ByLettersofCreditHaveamuchlongervalidityperiod.(Sometimeslongerthanoneyear).Usuallyapplytomorethanoneshipmentfromtheexportertotheimporter.Stand-ByLettersofCreditwerecreatedbyUnitedStatesbanks

46、asasubstituteforbankguarantees.2007Thomson,apartoftheThomsonCorporation.Thomson,theStarlogo,andAtomicDogaretrademarksusedhereinunderlicense.Allrightsreserved.CharacteristicsofInternationalPaymentIssuesRisksinInternationalTradeAlternativeTermsofPaymentCashinAdvanceOpenAccountLetterofCreditDocumentary

47、CollectionProcurementCardsTradeCardTermsofPaymentasaMarketingToolTerms of Payment2007Thomson,apartoftheThomsonCorporation.Thomson,theStarlogo,andAtomicDogaretrademarksusedhereinunderlicense.Allrightsreserved.DocumentaryCollectionDefinitionItisaprocessbywhichanexporterasksabankto“safeguard”itsinteres

48、tsintheforeigncountrybynotreleasingthedocuments.ItisaccompaniedbyaBillofExchange(alsocalledaDraft).ItinvolvesaLetterofInstructionstothePresentingBank.2007Thomson,apartoftheThomsonCorporation.Thomson,theStarlogo,andAtomicDogaretrademarksusedhereinunderlicense.Allrightsreserved.DocumentaryCollectionRe

49、mittingBankThebankthatinteractswiththeexporterandwiththePresentingBankintheimportingcountry.ReceivesthedocumentsfromtheexporterandthensendsthemtothePresentingBank.Ithasnoobligationtorenderjudgmentoradviceonthequalityofthepacketofdocuments;itjusttransmitsthemtothePresentingBank.PresentingBankThebankt

50、hatinteractswiththeimporteronbehalfoftheexporter.ReceivesthedocumentsfromtheexporterorfromtheRemittingBankandholdsthemuntiltheimportereithersignsadraftorpaystheexporter.FollowstheLetterofInstructionsfromtheExporter.2007Thomson,apartoftheThomsonCorporation.Thomson,theStarlogo,andAtomicDogaretrademark