2008高考英语复习 名词性从句 语法讲解课件牛津版.ppt

《2008高考英语复习 名词性从句 语法讲解课件牛津版.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2008高考英语复习 名词性从句 语法讲解课件牛津版.ppt（32页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、一.related conception(相关概念)1.名词:表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。2.名词在句子当中一般可以作什么成分?名词在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。The boy is li Ming.主语表语Mr.Liang,a 24-year-old boy,teaches us English.主语同位语宾语在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当,这个句子就叫名词性从句。3.什么是名词性从句?名名词词性性从从句句主语从句(The Subject Clause)宾语从句 (The Object Clause)表语从句 (The Predic

2、ative Clause)同位语从句 (The Appositive Clause)主语从句主语从句在复合句中作主句的主语在复合句中作主句的主语.引导词有连词引导词有连词that(that 不可省略不可省略),whether;连接代词有连接代词有who,what,which;连接副词连接副词 when,where,how,why 等等.如如:1).连接词:that,whetherHe is a famous singer.It is known to us.1.That he is a famous singer is known to us.(It is known to us that h

3、e is a famous singer.)Will we visit the Great Wall tomorrow?It has not been decided.Whether we will visit the Great Wall has not been decide.He will win the game.It is certain.Will he win the game?It is not certain.That he will win the game is certain.It is certain that he will win the game.Whether

4、he will the game is not certain.2).连接代词:who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whicheverWhose bag is it?It cant be told.Whose bag it is cant be told.What does he need?It is money.What he needs is money.无论你刚刚说什么都是对的.Whatever you said is all right.3).连接副词:when,where,why,how,how many,how much how l

5、ong,how soon,how oftenWhen will we start tomorrow?It will be told soon.When we will start tomorrow will be told soon.我们将怎样制定方案已经被老师解释清楚了.How we will make the plan has been explained clearly by the teacher.为什么他来这里还是不被人所知道.Why he comes here is not known.1.为什么有时侯用that,whether,有时侯用连接代词,或着有时候用连接副词?2.它的语序

6、有没有变化?2.总结:1).主语从句一律用陈述句语序,即主语在前,谓 语在后.2).连接词that在从句中无实际意义,起引导作用,不作任何成分,但不能省略.When will he come is not known.错误When he will come is not known.He will not come to the meeting this evening is true.错误That he will not come to the meeting this evening is true.但是 what is the matter 和 what is wrong 不可改变语序

7、3).whether可以引导主语从句 解释为是否,但if不能.4).whoever,whatever,whichever等词可以引导主语从句,但no matter who,no matter what 等不能,它们只能引导让步状语从句.5).为防止主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语.例:It is well known/reported/thought/said/that It is clear/necessary/certain/true/doubtful/that It is a pity/a shame/an honour/that It does

8、nt matter whether/It seems that It happens thatWe believe(that)he is honest.I told him(that)I would come back soon.He said(that)he would go there the next day and that his family wouldnt go there宾语从句宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语在复合句中作主句的宾语,放在实义动词或介词的后放在实义动词或介词的后面面.引导词有连词引导词有连词that(that 常可省略常可省略),whether,if;代词有代词有

9、who,whose,what,which;副词有副词有when,where,how,why 等等.如如:总结:2.注意点1).宾语从句一律用陈述句的语序.2).引导宾语从句的连词that也无实际意义,多数 情况下可以省略.3).whether和if都可以引导宾语从句但:(1).当whether后紧跟or not时,不用if.(2).介词后面的宾语从句不能用if.例:I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.1.宾语从句的引导词:宾语从句的连接词与引导主语从句的连接词相同.例:I dont know whether I will stay or not.3

10、.放句首，解释为“是否Whether she will go home is not unknown.4.表语从句解释为 是否“用whetherThe question is whether we can collect enough money.4).that在宾语从句中的省略与保存 (1).在主+谓+it(形式宾语)+宾补+that从句(真正宾语)的句型中不省略.例:We must make it clear that we mean what we say.(2).由连词and连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句中,第一个that 可以省略,第二that不能省.He told me(tha

11、t)he would come and that he would come on time.表语从句表语从句在复合句中作主句的表语在复合句中作主句的表语,常放在常放在be动词的后面动词的后面.引导词有连词引导词有连词that(that 不可省略不可省略),whether;代代词有词有who,what,which;副词副词 when,where,how,why 等等.如如:The problem is that we didnt get in touch with him.This is how Henry solved the problem.His suggestion is that w

12、e(should)finish the work at once.如果句子的主语是如果句子的主语是suggestion,advice.order等名词时等名词时,后面引导后面引导的表语从句用的表语从句用should+动词原形动词原形,should可省略可省略.2.注意点1).表语从句一律用陈述句的语序.2).表语从句的引导词that无实际意义,但不能省略.3).表语从句只能用whether,而不能用if 引导.What many people are worried about is whether we will be able to build a better future.The re

13、ason why he was late this morning is because that there was a lot of traffic on the road.The reason why+句子 be that+从句.For+名词今天早上他迟到的原因是因为路上行人太多.The reason why he was late this morning is that there was a lot of traffic on the road.或 This/it/that/is because+从句等句型.He was late this morning.That was bec

14、ause there was a lot of traffic on the road.同位语从句同位语从句 在句中起同位语的作用在句中起同位语的作用.一般放在名词一般放在名词 fact,news,idea,promise,thought,suggestion 等之后等之后,用以说明或解释前面的名词用以说明或解释前面的名词.引导词有连引导词有连词词 that;少数情况下也可用连接副词少数情况下也可用连接副词how when where 等等.如如:1.The thought that we might succeed excited us.2.The idea that they should

15、 try a second time is worth considering.3.The suggestion that the plan(should)be delayed will be discussed tomorrow.名词名词suggestion,advice.order等词后的同位语从句的谓语动词等词后的同位语从句的谓语动词要用要用should+动词原形动词原形,should可省略可省略.4.I have no idea when he will be back.注意1.that引导的同位语从句前面的名词常见的有:idea,fact,news,belief,thought,do

16、ubt,suggestion,proof,message,order,conclusion,desire,theory,truth,word,hope,information等.2.that 在从句中只是起引导作用,不作任何成分.v1.When we will start is not clear.v2.Mrs Black wont believe that her son has become a thief.v3.My idea is that we should do it right now.v4.I had no idea that you were her friend.主语从句主

17、语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句I 名名词性从句的种类词性从句的种类一、同位语从句与定语 从句的相似之处1、两种从句都可以译成定语、两种从句都可以译成定语 e.g.The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging.同位语从句我们队取得决赛胜利的消息令人鼓舞。The news that you told us is really encouraging.定语从句你告诉我们的消息真的令人鼓舞。一、同位语从句与定语 从句的相似之处2、两种从句都可以用、两种从句都可以用that引导引导 e.g.The

18、suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering.同位语同位语从句从句学生应该学些实用的东西的建议值得考虑。学生应该学些实用的东西的建议值得考虑。The suggestion that is worth considering is that the students should learn something practical.定语从句值得考虑的建议是学生应该学些实用定语从句值得考虑的建议是学生应该学些实用的东西。的东西。二、同位语从句与定语二、同位语从句与定语 从句的从句的不同之

19、处不同之处1 1、从句的作用不同：同位语从句用来进一步、从句的作用不同：同位语从句用来进一步 说明前面名词的内容；定语从句用来修饰、说明前面名词的内容；定语从句用来修饰、限定前面的名词。限定前面的名词。e.g.The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging.从句说明“消息的内容：我们队取得了决赛胜利。The news that you told us is really encouraging.从句对“消息加以限定：是你告诉我们的，而非来自其他渠道。但消息是何内容却不得而知。二、同位语从句与定语二、同位语从句与定语 从

20、句的不同之处从句的不同之处2 2、引导从句的关联词、引导从句的关联词that的功能不同：的功能不同：that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，不充当任引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，不充当任何成分；而引导定语从句的何成分；而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，是关系代词，既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成分。既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成分。e.g.1)Dad made a promise that he would buy me CD player if I passed the English test.that 不充当任何成分 2)Dad made a promise that excited al

21、l his children.that指代promise，又在从句中充当主语。Tell the function of the following sentences.a.subject b.object c.predicative d.appositive(同位语同位语)1.The idea that England stands for Fish&Chips,Speakers Corner,Big Ben and the Tower of London is past.2.The fact that Great Britain is made up of three countries i

22、s still unknown to many.3.The result of so much French influence was that the English language ended up with many French words such as table,animal and age.4.Some people feel that Wales is an ancient fairy land.5.That most of these are now threatened and may disappear is a serious matter to the peop

23、le in Britain.6.They realise that it is of great value to record and teach them to the younger generation.appositiveappositivepredicativeobjectsubjectobjectTell the difference1.The news that the plane would take off on time made everybody happy.2.The news that is spreading around the airport is that

24、 a heavy storm is coming.3.The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering.4.The suggestion that they are considering is that students should learn something practical.NC-AppositiveACNC-AppositiveACNC-PredicativeNC-PredicativePracticeI.Tell the function of the clau

25、ses in the following sentences 说出以下从句的功能：说出以下从句的功能：A:Appositive同位语同位语;B:Attributive定语定语1.His proposal that we go there on foot is acceptable.2.Many teachers hold the view that teenagers should not spend too much time online.3.The first request that he made was to ask for freedom.4.Do you have any id

26、ea where we will be sent?5.Is this the company where your father works?6.This is the reason that he gave for his absence.7.He made an excuse that his car broke down on the way.BBBII.Choose the best answer1.They expressed the hope _they would come over to China.A.which B.that C.whom D.when2.The fact_

27、 he didnt see Tom yesterday is true.A.that B.which C.when D.what3.I have no idea _he will come back.A.where B.when C.what D.thatII.Choose the best answer4.The news _ surprised everybody yesterday now proves to be false.A.that B.when C.what D.how 5.One of the men held the view _ the book said was rig

28、ht.A.what that B.that which C.that what D.which that6.Word has come _ some American guests will come for a visit to our college next week.A.what B.whether c.that D.whichIIII语序问题语序问题1.The photographs will show you _ MET89 A.what does our village look like B.what our village looks like C.how does our

29、village look like D.how our village looks like 2.He asked_for a violin.MET92 A.did I pay how much B.I paid how much C.how much did I pay D.how much I paid 1.The question is _the film is worth seeing.A.if B.what C.whether D.how 2.They received orders _ the work be done at once.A.which B.when C./D.tha

30、t 3.The reason _ I have to go is _ my mother is ill in bed.A.why;why B.why;because C.why;that D.that;because4._ I cant understand is _ she wants to change her mind.A.What;why B.Which;how C.That;why D.What;because5._ his dream of going to college will come true is uncertain.A.That B.Whether C.If D.Ev

31、en if6.It is known to us _ where there is pollution,there is harm.A.which B.where C.what D.that7.I have the information _.A.of what hell come soon B.that hell come soon C.of that hell come soon D.his coming soonCDCABDB单项填空单项填空8.-I saw your neighbor break your window with a basketball.-_ it made me n

32、early mad.A.That he broke B.What he broke C.He broke D.His break9.It remains a question _ we can get so much money in such a short time.A.how B.that C.when D.what10.-Can I help you?-Yes,do you know _?A.when comes the bus B.when will come the bus C.when does the bus come D.when the bus comes11.He made a promise _ anyone set him free he would make him very rich.A.that B.if C.what D.that if12.They lost their way in the forest and _ made matters worse was _ night began to fall.A.what;that B.it;that C.what;when D.which;whatAADDA