高考英语语法专题讲解虚拟语气课件.ppt

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1、英英 语语 高高 考考 语法语法 讲讲 解解(虚拟语气专题虚拟语气专题)一、非真实条件句中的虚拟语气一、非真实条件句中的虚拟语气(if 引导引导)二、宾语从句中的虚拟语气二、宾语从句中的虚拟语气三、主语从句中的虚拟语气三、主语从句中的虚拟语气四、表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气四、表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气五、状语从句中的虚拟语气五、状语从句中的虚拟语气六、几种特殊的虚拟语气六、几种特殊的虚拟语气 虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形

2、式来表示。式来表示。1.虚拟语气用于条件状语从句 if 从句 主句现在 过去式 would(should,could,might)+动原将来 同上过去 had done would(should,could,might)+have done过去式should+动原 were to+动原 考题点击：考题点击：1.I am not free today.If I _free today,I _ and visit some of my friends.2.A.am will go B.were,would go3.C.shall be D.be,must go4.2.If my lawyer _

3、here last Saturday,he _ me from going.5.A.had been,would have prevented 6.B.had been,would prevent C.were,would prevent7.D.were,would have prevented3.If I were to see Tom,what _ you _ me to tell him?A.are,going to ask B.do,ask C.would,ask D.did,ask学习虚拟条件句还要注意以下学习虚拟条件句还要注意以下4点：点：（1）省略）省略if 若虚拟条件句中有若虚

4、拟条件句中有 were,had,should 时，可省时，可省略略 if 而将而将 were,had,should 移到句首。如：移到句首。如：（1）If I were to meet him tomorrow,I should ask him about it.Were I to meet him tomorrow,（2）_ for the doctors careful treatment,he _till last year.A.If it is not,cant live B.Were it not,couldnt live C.Had it not been,couldnt have

5、 lived D.If they were not,couldnt live（2）错综时间虚拟条件句）错综时间虚拟条件句虚拟条件句与主句谓语动词发生的时间有时不虚拟条件句与主句谓语动词发生的时间有时不一致，要注意主从句谓语形式。一致，要注意主从句谓语形式。考题考题 It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love,at the age of seven,with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.A.wouldnt have fallen B.had not

6、 fallen C.should fall D.were to fall1.If you had finished writing the book last month,it would be published next month.2.You would be much better now if you had taken my advice.错综时间虚拟条件句错综时间虚拟条件句3.If you had met him yesterday,you would know what to do now.有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来，而是通过一个介词来表示或通过上下文或其他方式表示

7、如“but for”，“without”及“but that”“except for和“supposing”“otherwise等表示含蓄的虚拟：But for your help,I would have failed.Without the money,I would not be alive now.（3）含蓄虚拟条件句）含蓄虚拟条件句 Supposing there were no gravity,objects would not fall to the ground when dropped.She wasnt feeling very well.Otherwise she wou

8、ldnt have left the meeting so early.She would leave her husband except for children.如果没有孩子的话如果没有孩子的话,她就会离开她的丈夫的她就会离开她的丈夫的考题点击：考题点击：1.I went by plane;otherwise I _ much longer time.A.could take B.would take C.will have taken D.would have taken D 2.He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball,oth

9、erwise he _ a goal.A.had scored B.scored C.would score D.would have scoredD3.Without liberation we _ a new life.A.would not begin B.would not have been begun C.had not begun D.would not have begunDif only过去完成时过去完成时一般过去时一般过去时 对过去虚拟对过去虚拟 对现在虚拟对现在虚拟could+完成时完成时（4）if only 从句从句if only 若是若是.那该多好啊那该多好啊;真希望

10、真希望.;只要只要.就好就好1.If only Marx were still by my side to see this with his own eyes.2.If only she could have lived a little longer.3.If only she had lived a little longer.4.3.If only he had arrived in time.would/could/might+动词原形动词原形对将来虚拟对将来虚拟比较比较if only与与only if only if 表示表示“只有只有”；I wake up only if the

11、 alarm clock rings.考题考题 1.If only grandmother _ this together with us now.A.will see B.could see C.must see D.should seeB 2.If only he _ quietly as the doctor instructed,he would not suffer so much now.A.lies B.lay C.had lain D.should lie(lie 躺，躺，lay,lain)C二、宾语从句中的虚拟语气1.wish后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气，表示后面宾语从句中的虚拟

12、语气，表示与事实相反的愿望。其表达形式一般是将从句的谓与事实相反的愿望。其表达形式一般是将从句的谓语动词退后一个时态。例如语动词退后一个时态。例如:1)与与现在现在事实相反事实相反:wish+(that)+did(were)I wish I were as healthy as you.I wish that I had a plane.2)与与过去过去事实相反事实相反:wish+(that)+had doneI wish I had been to the concert last night.I wish you had written to him.3)与与将来将来事实相反事实相反:wi

13、sh+would/could/might+doI wish he would forgive me.2.在某些动词后的宾语从句中需用在某些动词后的宾语从句中需用should+动词原形动词原形的的虚拟语气形式。虚拟语气形式。“should”可以省略。可以省略。常见的动词有常见的动词有:一个坚持一个坚持insist;两个命令两个命令order,command;三条建议三条建议suggest,advise,propose;六项要求六项要求demand,request,require,ask;urge,desire,注意注意:suggest表表 暗示表明暗示表明 时时 insist表表坚持认为坚持认为

14、时不时不用虚拟语气用虚拟语气He ordered that the students(should)wash the clothes every week by themselves.The doctor suggested that she(should)have an operation at once.考题点击：考题点击：1.Is it necessary that he _ the examination?A.takes B.has to take C.must takeD.take2.It is strange that he _ you this.A.would tell B.sh

15、ould tell C.had told D.has told3.It was ordered that no smoking _ in the library.A.should allow B.be allowed C.will be allowed D.is allowedDBB三、主语从句中的虚拟语气三、主语从句中的虚拟语气基本句型：基本句型：1.It be+过去分词过去分词+that+(should)+动词原形动词原形+过去分词：过去分词：suggested,requested,ordered,proposed,demanded,arranged,desired,advisedIt i

16、s required that nobody(should)smoke here.Its suggested that everybody(should)buy a dictionary.2.It be+形容词形容词+that+(should)+动词原形动词原形+形容词形容词:important,necessary,natural,right,wrong,better,proper,funny,strange,surprising It is necessary that we(should)have a walk now.Its important that we(should)take g

17、ood care of the patient.How strange that you should not have heard it!It is quite natural that she should succeed.3.It be+名词（名词（a pity/a shame/no wonder）that +(should)+动词原形动词原形+It seems such a pity that you should have to spend the day at the hotel.你得在旅馆里度过一天看来是一件遗憾的事情你得在旅馆里度过一天看来是一件遗憾的事情.It is a bu

18、rning shame that little children should have to beg in the street.小孩们得在街上乞讨小孩们得在街上乞讨,这是一件严重的可耻的事这是一件严重的可耻的事.It is no wonder that she should not write to you.她不给你写信一点也不奇怪她不给你写信一点也不奇怪.四、表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气在 suggestion,proposal,idea,plan,order,advice,decision等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。My sugge

19、stion is that we(should)leave at once.1)表语从句:2)同位语从句:I make a proposal that we(should)hold a meeting next week.考题点击：考题点击：1.His suggestion that you _ once more sounds reasonable.A.try B.tries C.must try D.can try2.He gave an advice that they _ each other.A.helped B.must help C.help D.had helped3.My s

20、uggestion is that a few more people _ there to help me.A.be sent B.have sent C.sent D.should sentACAas if/as though过去完成时过去完成时一般过去时一般过去时Would/could/might+动词原形动词原形对过去虚拟对过去虚拟对现在虚拟对现在虚拟对将来虚拟对将来虚拟They talked as if they had been friends for years.She takes care of the orphan as if he were her own child.It

21、 is so cool as if it were autumn.She looks as though he had been ill.It looks as if it might rain.五、状语从句中的虚拟语气五、状语从句中的虚拟语气 用在用在lest(惟恐惟恐,免得免得),for fear that(以免以免,为防止为防止起见起见)和和in case引导的状语从句中，这时谓语动词用引导的状语从句中，这时谓语动词用should+动词原形动词原形或或动词原形。动词原形。1.She closed the windows lest she catch cold.2.He took his

22、raincoat with him lest it should rain.3.She put her coat over the child for fear that he should catch cold.4.Heres some money in case you should need it.lest/for fear that/in case+句子句子(should+动词原形动词原形)考题点击：考题点击：1.We felt as if we _ each other for years.A.knew B.were knowingC.had known D.have knowing

23、2.He took away the oxygen tank for fear that it _.A.may explore B.exploded C.explode D.had explodeCC几种特殊句式的虚拟语气几种特殊句式的虚拟语气:would rather+do something(宁愿做某事宁愿做某事)would rather+句句子子(虚拟虚拟)过去完成时过去完成时一般过去时一般过去时一般过去时一般过去时对过去虚拟对过去虚拟对现在虚拟对现在虚拟对将来虚拟对将来虚拟I would rather you posted the letter right away.I would r

24、ather you had returned the book yesterday.Dont come tomorrow.Id rather you came next weekend.Id rather she hadnt done that.It is(high,about,low)time that一般过去时一般过去时should+动词原形动词原形此处的此处的should一般不省略一般不省略注意注意:此句型与下面的句型的区别此句型与下面的句型的区别:It is time for somebody to do something.It is the first time that从句从句

25、现在完成时现在完成时It was the first time that从句从句 过去完成时过去完成时It is time for us to have dinner.It is(about/high)time that we had dinner.It is the first that he have gone there.It was the first time that he had gone there.Would you mind+if从句中谓语动词一般用一般过去时从句中谓语动词一般用一般过去时.Would you mind if I opened the window?如果我打

26、开窗户如果我打开窗户,你不反对吗你不反对吗?Do you mind if I smoke?我抽烟你不介意吧我抽烟你不介意吧?注意注意:would you mind doing sth.Would you mind my smoking?高考链接:1.I didnt see your sister at the meeting.If she ,she would have met my brother.A.has come B.did come C.came D.had come(MET94)2.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it loo

27、ks as if it .A.breaks B.has broken C.were broken D.had been broken (MET95)3.You didnt let me drive.If we in turn,you so tired.A.drove;didnt get B.drove;wouldnt getC.were driving;wouldnt get D.had driven;wouldnt have got (MET95)4.Without the air to hold some of the suns heat,the earth at night ,too c

28、old for us to live.A.would be freezing cold B.will be freezing coldlyC.would be frozen cold D.can freeze coldly(上海97)DCDA5._ it rain tomorrow,we would have to put off the meeting.A.Were B.Should C.Would D.Will (上海上海94)6.Janes pale face suggested that she _ ill,and her parents suggested that she a me

29、dical examination.A.be;should have B.was;have C.should be;had D.was;has (上海上海94)7._ for the free tickets,I wouldnt have gone to the films so often.A.If it is not B.Were it notC.Had it not been D.If they were not(上海上海95)8.Yesterday Jane walked away from the discussion.Otherwise,she _something.A.had said B.said C.might say D.might have said(上海上海96)BBCD