17John-Steinbeck-(1902-1968).ppt

《17John-Steinbeck-(1902-1968).ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《17John-Steinbeck-(1902-1968).ppt（43页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、John Steinbeck(1902-1968)nThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1962nfor his realistic and imaginative writings,combining as they do sympathetic humour and keen social perception“EducationnSteinbeckattendedStanfordUniversityintermittentlybetween1920and1926butdidnotearnadegree.Heworkedasamanuallaborerwhilewr

2、iting,andhisexperienceslentauthenticitytohisdepictionsofthelivesoftheworkersinhisstories.HespentmuchofhislifeinCaliforniasMontereyCounty.nHisfirstthreenovelsCup of Gold(1929),The Pastures of Heaven(1932),andTo a God Unknown(1933)wereunsuccessful.MajorworksnTheGrapesofWrathnCupofGoldennThePastureofHe

3、avennToaGodUnknownnTorrtillaFlatnInDubiousBattleMajorworknOfMiceandMennTheMoonisDownnEastofEdennTheWinterofOurDiscontentnTheGrapesofWrathnTravelwithCharleyIn Dubious Battle(1936)naclassicaccountofastrikebyfarmworkers.Of Mice And Men(novella,1937)natragicstoryaboutthestrange,complexbondbetweentwomigr

4、antlaborers.TechniquenNaturalisticnThetermnaturalismdescribesatypeofliteraturethatattemptstoapplyscientificprinciplesofobjectivityanddetachmenttoitsstudyofhumanbeings.Unlikerealism,whichfocusesonliterarytechnique,naturalismimpliesaphilosophicalposition:fornaturalisticwriters,sincehumanbeingsare,inEm

5、ileZolasphrase,humanbeasts,characterscanbestudiedthroughtheirrelationshipstotheirsurroundings.nSurvival,determinism,violence,andtabooaskeythemes.nThebrutewithineachindividual,comprisedofstrongandoftenwarringemotions:passions,suchaslust,greed,orthedesirefordominanceorpleasure;andthefightforsurvivalin

6、anamoral,indifferentuniverse.Theconflictinnaturalisticnovelsisoftenmanagainstnatureormanagainsthimselfascharactersstruggletoretainaveneerofcivilizationdespiteexternalpressuresthatthreatentoreleasethebrutewithin.nNatureasanindifferentforceactingonthelivesofhumanbeings.nTheforcesofheredityandenvironme

7、ntastheyaffect-andafflict-individuallives.nAnindifferent,deterministicuniverse.Naturalistictextsoftendescribethefutileattemptsofhumanbeingstoexercisefreewill,oftenironicallypresented,inthisuniversethatrevealsfreewillasanillusion.nWhenitoccurstoamanthatnaturedoesnotregardhimasimportant,andthatshefeel

8、sshewouldnotmaimtheuniversebydisposingofhim,heatfirstwishestothrowbricksatthetemple,andhehatesdeeplythefactthattherearenobricksandnotemples.-StephenCrane,TheOpenBoatnAmansaidtotheuniverse:Sir,Iexist!However,repliedtheuniverse,ThefacthasnotcreatedinmeAsenseofobligation.-StephenCrane(1894,1899)Influen

9、cenPriortothespeech,R.Sandler,MemberoftheRoyalAcademyofSciences,commented,Mr.JohnSteinbeck-Inyourwritings,crownedwithpopularsuccessinmanycountries,youhavebeenaboldobserverofhumanbehaviourinbothtragicandcomicsituations.Thisyouhavedescribedtothereadingpublicoftheentireworldwithvigourandrealism.YourTra

10、vels with CharleyisnotonlyasearchforbutalsoarevelationofAmerica,asyouyourselfsay:Thismonsterofaland,thismightiestofnations,thisspawnofthefutureturnsouttobethemacrocosmofmicrocosmme.ThankstoyourinstinctforwhatisgenuinelyAmericanyoustandoutasatruerepresentativeofAmericanlife.NobelAcceptanceSpeechNowle

11、tsreadthetextbooks.TheGrapesofWrath-JohnSteinbeckBackgroundnTheGreatDepressionthrowsthecountryintoabjectchaosandmakeslifeintolerableforthelucklessmillions.Oneoftheworststrickenareasisthecentralprairielands.TherethefarmersbecomebankruptandbegintomoveinabodytowardCalifornia,wheretheyhopetohaveabetterl

12、ife.ThewesteringisamosttragicandbrutalizinghumanexperienceforfamiliesliketheJoads.Thereisunspeakablepainandsufferingontheroad,anddeathoccursfrequently.TitlenThetitleofthebookcomesfrom“TheBattleHymnoftheRepublic”awarsongofAmericanCivilWar,inwhichtherearelines“Mineeyeshaveseenthegloryofthecomingofthel

13、ord,/Heistrampingoutthevintagewherethegrapesofwratharestored.”Theimplicationofthisisthatasinjusticeisbuildingupandup,sthisgoingtoexplodeintoviolence.ContentnThestoryofthemigrationofadispossessedfamilyfromtheOklahomaDustBowltoCaliforniaandtheirsubsequentexploitationbyaruthlesssystemofagriculturalecon

14、omics.nEarnedhiminternationalfame.nItwasthelastofhisnaturalisticnovelsofthe1930swithproletarianthemes.Intheseworks,therichsymbolicstructures,effectivelyconveythemythopoeticandsymbolicqualitiesofhischaracters.StructurenItsstructureisdictatedbytheBible.The30chaptersfallsneatlyintothreesectionswiththed

15、escriptionofthedroughtinthefirstten,thejourneyinchapters13-18,andtheremaining12devotedtoanarrativeofthelifeofthemigrantsinCalifornia.Thesethreesectionscorrespondto“theExodus”storyoftheOldTestment.AnalysisofMajorCharactersMa JoadPa JoadJim CasyRose of SharonTom JoadnHe adopts this philosophy toward l

16、iving.nHe fears that by putting his life in a context larger than the present day.nTom who exhibits a rare strength,thoughtfulness,and moral certaintyPa JoadnA good,thoughtful man.n Plans the familys trip to California with great care and consideration.n His determination to erect a dam is a moving

17、testament to his love and singleness of purpose.Jim CasynAsaradicalphilosopher,amotivatorandunifierofmen,andamartyrnCasyassumesaroleakintothatofJesusChristwithwhomhealsoshareshisinitials.Rose of SharonnThegirlssilentself-containmentandherimpenetrablesmile.nHercapacitytosustainlife,likenhertotheVirgi

18、nMotherandsuggestthatthereishopetobefoundeveninthebleakestofcircumstances.Writing TechniquesnMotifsnSymbolsnFlashbacknDramatic descriptionnSlang and metaphornRhythmed languageMotifsMotifs are recurring structures,contrasts,or literary devices that can help to develop and inform the texts major theme

19、s.lImprovised Leadership Structures1.Inthebeginningofnovel,TheJoadfamilyreliesonatraditionalfamilystructureinwhichtheyhonorGrandpaastheheadofthefamily2.AstheJoadsjourneywestandtrytomakealivinginCalifornia,Ma assumes the leadershipforthefamily.3.Bytheendofthenovel,thefamilystructurehasundergonearevol

20、ution.The woman figure has taken control,whilethemalefigure,traditionallyintheleadershiprole,hasretreated.4.Thisrevolutionparallelsasimilarupheavalinthelargereconomichierarchies.theworkersattheWeedpatchcampgovernthemselvesandsharetasksaccordingtotheirownrulesSymbols.Symbols are objects,characters,fi

21、gures,or colors used to represent abstract ideas or conceptsThe Symbol of the GrapesnInThe BiblethegrapeisasymbolofhopenSteinbeckhasthesamewritingstyle,thedestinationofCaliforniaisclear,foritsasuitablelandofmilkandhoneySymbol of Sharons pregnancy1.RoseofSharonspregnancyholdsthepromiseofanewbeginning

22、.2.ThewaythatUncleJohndisposesofthechildscorpserecallsMosesbeingsentdowntheNile.Theimagesuggeststhatthefamily,liketheHebrewsinEgypt,willbedeliveredfromtheslaveryofitspresentcircumstances.Death of the Joads DognThe Dog deathconstitutesthefirstofmanysymbolsforeshadowingthetragediesthatawaitthefamily.S

23、lang and metaphorDeath was afriend,and sleep was deaths brother.The old times came backa girl with pretty feet,who danced one time at homea horsea long time ago.nThesquareclosesupandthedancingstarts,feetonthebareground,beatingdull,strikewithyourheels.Handsroundandswing.Hairfallsdown,andpantingbreath

24、s.Leantothesidenow.n于是跳舞就开始了脚踏在光地上发出沉闷的响声还跺着后跟挥动着双手旋舞起来头发向下披着听得见喘气的声息跳着跳着（Page268Para.4L.6-9）Rhythemd languagePrintPageThe saving power of family and fellow ship Lies and deceit Mans inhumanity to manThe dignity of wrathThe multiplying effects of Selfishness and AltruismThemesThesavingpowerofFamilya

25、ndFellowshipThe Grapes of Wrathchroniclesthestoryoftwo“families”:theJoadsandthecollectivebodyofmigrantworkers.WhentheJoadsmeettheWilsons,inaremarkablyshorttime,thetwogroupsmergeintooneanotherssurvival.Thismergingtakesplaceamongthemigrantcommunityingeneralaswell:“twentyfamiliesbecameonefamily,thechil

26、drenwerethechildrenofall.Theloseofhomebecameonelose,andthegoldendreaminthewestwasonedream.”Thelivelihoodofthemigrantsdependsupontheirunion.AsTomeventuallyrealize“his”peopleareallpeople.LiesandDeceit Central to The Grapes of Wrath is a single lie:thousands of families move west to California because

27、they believe it to be the land of plenty,a place full of jobs and opportunity.This lie is spread through a yellow pamphlet dispensed by a Californian landowner looking for workers,and it both gives families a sense of hope and strips them of hope.Several entities help to sustain this lie:the banks,t

28、he car salesmen,the merchants,and the landowners.The Joads are deceived into thinking that their worries will be forgotten once they get to california.MansInhumanitytoManThemigrantsgreatsufferingiscausednotbybadwhetherormeremisfortunebutbytheirfellowhumanbeings.Historical,social,andeconomiccircumsta

29、ncesseparatepeopleintorichandpoor,landownerandtenant,andthepeopleinthedominantrolesstruggleviciouslytopreservetheirposition.Thenoveldrawsasimplelinethroughthepopulation-onethatdividestheprivilegedfromthepoor-andidentifiesthatdivisionastheprimarysourceofevilandsufferingintheworld.TheDignityofWrathThe

30、Joadsstandasexemplaryintheirrefusaltobebrokenbythecircumstancesthatconspireagainstthem.Steinbeckemphasizestheimportanceofmaintainingself-respectinordertosurvivespiritually.TheJoadshadsufferedincomparablelosses:Noah,Connie,andTomhasleftthefamily;RoseofSharongivesbirthtoastillbornbaby;thefamilypossess

31、esneitherfoodnorpromiseofwork.Yetitisatthismomentthatthefamilymanagestoriseabovehardshiptoperformanactofunsurpassedkindnessandgenerosityforstarvingman,showthattheJoadshavenotlosttheirsenseofthevalueofhumanlife.ButifIwasrich,ifIwasrichIdgitsomanyporkchopsIdcordemuparounmelikewood,anIdeatmywayout.不过我要

32、是阔不过我要是阔了了 我要是阔了我要是阔了的话的话 我就要买我就要买很多大块的肉很多大块的肉来来 我要把它像我要把它像柴火似的堆起柴火似的堆起来来 堆得满处都堆得满处都是是 吃个痛快吃个痛快.Theme:it shows the great mind status of the poor people,and a good sense of life desire.P265 the 9th paragraphAnIlaidmysightsonhisbelly,causeyoucantstopaInjunnootherplaceanthen.Well,hejestplunkeddownanrol

33、led.Anwewentup.Anhewasntbighedlookedsograndupthere.Alltoretopiecesanlittle.Everseeacockpheasant,stiffandbeautiful,everfeatherdrawedanpainted,anevenhiseyesdrawedinpretty?Anbang!Youpickhimupbloodyantwisted,anyouspoiledsomepinbetternyou;aneatinhimdontnevermakeituptoyou,causeyouspoiledsomepininyaself,an

34、youcantneverfixitup.我把枪对准了他的肚子我把枪对准了他的肚子 因为你要是因为你要是打在别的地方打在别的地方 就结果不了印第安人就结果不了印第安人的性命的性命 这一枪这一枪 完了完了 噢噢 他马上就倒他马上就倒下来下来 还打了个滚还打了个滚 我们跑过去原来他我们跑过去原来他个子并不大个子并不大 只是站在高处只是站在高处 显得很神显得很神气气 全身都摔碎了全身都摔碎了 小小的个子小小的个子 你们你们见过野鸡吗见过野鸡吗 神气十足神气十足 漂漂亮亮的漂漂亮亮的 每根羽毛上都有花样每根羽毛上都有花样 像是上过彩色像是上过彩色似的似的 连它的眼睛也很漂亮连它的眼睛也很漂亮 砰完了砰完

35、了 你把它拾起来你把它拾起来 满身是血满身是血 变了样子变了样子 你糟蹋了一样比你自己还好的东西你糟蹋了一样比你自己还好的东西 把它吃掉把它吃掉 也补不了你的损失也补不了你的损失 因为你因为你心灵上受了损伤心灵上受了损伤 一辈子也补救不了一辈子也补救不了大家都点点头大家都点点头P264 the 2nd paragraphTheme:though poor they are,they have never given up their spiritual education with good humor.P263 the last paragraphAndthepeoplelistened,a

36、ndtheirfaceswerequietwithlistening.Thestorytellers,gatheringattentionintotheirtales,spokeingreatrhythms,spokeingreatwordsbecausethetalesweregreat,andthelistenersbecamegreatthroughthem.大家静听着大家静听着 他们听他们听得脸上都发呆了得脸上都发呆了 那那些说书先生聚精会些说书先生聚精会神地讲着故事神地讲着故事 他们他们用有节奏的腔调讲用有节奏的腔调讲着着 用不平凡的字句用不平凡的字句讲着讲着 因为那些故事因为那些故

37、事是不平凡的是不平凡的 听的人听的人受了故事的感染受了故事的感染 也也变得不平凡了变得不平凡了!Theme:hope and livelyness is still inspiring the poor peopleTHEMIGRANTPEOPLE,scuttlingforwork,scrabblingtolive,lookedalwaysforpleasure,dugforpleasure,manufacturedpleasure,andtheywerehungryforamusement.Sometimesamusementlayinspeech,andtheyclimbeduptheir

38、liveswithjokes.流民们一面东奔西跑地寻流民们一面东奔西跑地寻找工作找工作 想方设法地谋生想方设法地谋生 一面也随时都在寻求欢乐一面也随时都在寻求欢乐 发掘欢乐发掘欢乐 制造欢乐制造欢乐 他们他们如饥如渴地盼望着娱乐如饥如渴地盼望着娱乐 有时候娱乐就在谈话中间有时候娱乐就在谈话中间 他们说许多笑话他们说许多笑话 把日子把日子打发得很好打发得很好P263 paragraph 1Theme:the hope and happiness still exist in their nearly desperate life.P269the4thPara.Besideanirrigation

39、ditchapreacherlaboredandthepeoplecried.Andthepreacherpacedlikeatiger,whippingthepeoplewithhisvoice,andtheygroveledandwhinedontheground.Hecalculatedthem,gaugedthem,playedonthem,andwhentheywereallsquirmingonthegroundhestoopeddownandofhisgreatstrengthhepickedeachoneupinhisarmsandshouted.Takeem,Christ!a

40、ndthreweachoneinthewater.Andwhentheywereallin,waistdeepinthewater,andlookingwithfrightenedeyesatthemaster,hekneltdownonthebankandheprayedforthem;andheprayedthatallmenandwomenmightgrovelandwhineontheground.一个牧师在灌溉的沟边讲道听的人痛哭流涕那个牧师像老虎一般踱着步大声教训着众人他们趴在地下哇哇地哭他揣测着他们的心理估量他们的情绪作弄着他们等他们全都倒在地下打滚的时候他就俯下身去使了老大的力

41、气用两臂把他们一个个抱起来大声喊道基督呀收下他们吧于是便把每个人都投到水里等他们全都齐腰浸在水沟里用惊恐的眼光看着的时候他便跪在岸上给他们祷告他祷告着To describe the preacher vividly using the metaphor Andalways,ifhehadalittlemoney,amancouldgetdrunk.Thehardedgesgone,andthewarmth.Thentherewasnoloneliness,foramancouldpeoplehisbrainwithfriends,andhecouldfindhisenemiesanddestr

42、oythem.Sittinginaditch,theearthgrewsoftunderhim.Failuredulledandthefuturewasnothreat.Andhungerdidnotskulkabout,buttheworldwassoftandeasy,andamancouldreachtheplacehestartedfor 一个人如果有一点钱,他总是要喝醉的,一喝酒就会忘掉心里的苦闷,劲头也就上来了,这下他就不寂寞了,因为他脑子里会想起许多朋友来 他就可以找到自己的仇人 把他们消灭了 他坐在干水沟里 底下的泥土都变软了 倒楣的事情模糊起来 未来的事情也不使他害怕 饥饿并

43、不老在他身边纠缠 世界又温和又舒适 你尽可以去到你所要去的地方.(P266 the 3rd Para.)Theme:To present peoples beautiful will under the help of the alcoholWebeensaved.Wewontsinnomore.我们得救了,我们再也不会犯罪了WishtIknowedwhatallthesinswas,soIcoulddoem.但愿我知道那许多罪恶究竟是怎么回事,我偏要犯THEMIGRANTPEOPLElookedhumblyforpleasureontheroads.流民们在各处的路上想着一些穷主意寻欢作乐(P270thelast3paragraphs)Theme:ThemigrantpeoplewishedthattheyweresavedtomaketheirlivesseemedbetterThemenItisclearexpressionofsympathywiththedispossessedandthewretched.