[英语学习]上外课件Unit-08-A-第六册-英语综合教程-外教社.ppt

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1、Unit 8 Being ThereText ExplanationPart IAbout the AuthorAnatole Broyard(July 16,1920 October 11,1990)was an American literary critic for The New York Times.In addition to his reviews and columns,he published several books during his lifetime.His autobiographical works,Intoxicated by My Illness and K

2、afka Was the Rage:A Greenwich Village Memoir,were published after his death.Text StructureSection 1:Paragraph 1Section 2:Paragraphs 2-5Section 3:Paragraphs 6-12Section 4:Paragraphs 13-15Section 5:Paragraphs 16-18Section 6:Paragraphs 19-20Text AnalysisThe author examined the primary motivations for t

3、ravel,analyzed the functions of travel writing,and described some travelers peculiar approach.The passage begins with an unusual simile by comparing travel to adultery,then goes on to talk about the purposes for which we travel.Finally,it analyzes various travel writings and suggests that people sho

4、uld squeeze the places they visit.Paragraph 1Travel is like adultery:one is always tempted to be unfaithful to ones own country.To have imagination is inevitably to be dissatisfied with where you live.There is in men a centrifugal tendency.In our wanderlust,we are lovers looking for consummation.adu

5、lterysex between a married man or woman and someone who is not their wife or husband.It seems the colder the market for jobs,the hotter the market for adultery.似乎就业市场越冷清,婚外情市场就越红火。However,proposals to make adultery a criminal offense have met little popular support.有人提议将通奸变成违法的犯罪行为，然而民意并不认同。temptgiv

6、e rise to a desire by being attractive or invitingA mad scheme like this was bound to tempt me.像这样疯狂的计划，肯定会吸引住我。Ice cream will always tempt her to break her diet.冰淇淋将永远诱惑她去破坏她的饮食计划。temptation:(n.)something that seduces or has the quality to seduceunfaithfulnot true to duty or obligation or promises;

7、having sexual relations with someone other than your husband or wife,or your boyfriend or girlfriendun+faithfulAny wife who can prove that her husband is unfaithful must kill him that very day一旦妻子证实了自己的丈夫不忠，就会当天把他杀掉。faith(n.)a strong belief in a supernatural power or powers that control human destin

8、ycentrifugaltending to move away from a center离心的Centrifugal force(from Latin centrum center and fugere to flee)represents the effects of inertia that arise in connection with rotation and which are experienced as an outward force away from the center of rotation.wanderlust(n.)very strong or irresis

9、tible impulse to travelLike many youngsters,he possessed a strong streak of wanderlust.和许多年轻人一样，他也曾有过强烈的远行梦想。He did not understand the wanderlust that drove you to leave your homeland.他并不l了解使你离开家园的那种对旅行的渴望consummation(n.)1.the completion of marriage by sexual intercourse2.the act of bringing to comp

10、letion or fruition-perfectionDeath is to us change,not consummation,and the commencement of a new existence.死亡对于我们只是一种改变，而不是消灭，它是一种新的存在的开始。Along with the consummation of our market economy system and entering WTO,such disputes will also certainly increase.随着中国市场经济体制的完善,尤其是加入WTO后,这种纠纷也必将增多。Paragraph

11、2Only while traveling can we appreciate age.At home,for Americans at least,everything must be young,new,but when we go abroad we are interested only in the old.We want to see what has been saved,defended against time.appreciaterecognize with gratitude;be grateful for；gain in value；I appreciate your

12、ability to do it.我很欣赏你做这件事的能力。Many people could understand and appreciate what was discovered in physics许多人能够理解并领会物理学所发现的东西。The yen appreciated again!日元再次升值！appreciation,depreciationdefendprotect against a challenge or attack;be on the defensive;act against an attackThe mother cat fought fiercely to

13、 defend her young.那只母猫凶猛地打斗以保护她的幼仔。We need some lawyers to defend us.我们需要几个律师为我们辩护。But I know there are people who defend the paparazzi.但是我知道有些人为狗仔队辩护。defence,defenseParagraphs 3&4When we travel,we put aside our defenses,our anxiety,and invite regression.we go backward instead of forward.We cultivat

14、e our hysteria.It is our best selves that travel,just as we dress in our best clothes.We go abroad to meet our foreign persona,that thrilling stranger born on the plane.put asidestop using;turn away from,perhaps temporarilyLet us put aside all the troubles,sadness.让我们抛开一切的烦恼，忧伤。She put aside her wor

15、k to read her children a story.她放下手边的工作，给她的小孩读故事听。Let us,for a moment,put aside the words that name our differences.我们暂时可以把那些描写我们的差别的字眼撇在一旁。cultivatefoster the growth ofYou must cultivate good manners and behave like a gentleman.你必须学习好礼貌，举止要象绅士一样。It takes some time to cultivate a new friendship.建立一段

16、新的友谊需要一段时间。Some of the areas in the west are poor because the land there is impossible to cultivate.西部的一些地区很穷,因为土地不宜耕作。hysteriastate of violent mental agitation;excessive or uncontrollable fear;neurotic disorder characterized by violent emotional outbreaks and disturbances of sensory and motor funct

17、ionsThe mass of people took the war in stride,without emotional excitement or hysteria 广大人民从容地应付着战争，既没有群情激奋，也没有歇斯底里。Underlying the hysteria is the belief that scarce elite degrees must be highly valuable.这种疯狂的表面下潜藏着这样想法：短缺的精英学位一定有很高的价值。hysterical(adj.)personaa personal facade that one presents to th

18、e world;an actors portrayal of someone in a playWe all have our own persona,our charm.Why should I be worried?he replied.“我们都有我们自己的角色，我们各自的魅力。为什麽我要担心？”他回答The ambassador left the country within 48 hours after he was declared persona non grata.该大使在被宣布为不受欢迎者后48小时之内离开了那个国家。eliminatedo away withOur goal

19、is to eliminate poverty.我们的目标是“消灭”贫困。Eliminate all possible sources of ignition.消除所有可能的点火源。Can you eliminate all the mistakes from your writing?你能全部排除你写作中的错误吗？elimination(n.)edit outcut and assemble the components ofWe had to edit out the expletives.我们只好把咒骂语给删掉。Also,we tend to edit out the bad so th

20、at we hear only what we want to hear.我们也往往会把不好听的“删除”，这样一来，听到的都是想听的了。The more were able to edit the annoyance out of our lives,the less were able to handle it.如果生活中烦恼的事情越少，我们对它们的忍耐力就越弱。in the name of以的名义In the name of God,That is it.“我以上帝的名义保证我是正确的。”This is in the name of ergonomics.这被冠以“人体工程学”的名义。Th

21、ey did it all in the name of promoting friendship.他们所做的一切都声称是为了促进友谊。royaltypayment to the holder of a patent or copyright or resource for the right to use their property版税；专利税.royal persons collectively王权；皇室He is receiving royalty from his invention.他正在获得对他发明的使用费。Diana also helped improve the Britis

22、h publics faith in their royalty.黛安娜帮助提升了民众对英国王室的信心。cling tohold firmly,usually with ones handsYou should cling to your principles.你应该坚守自己原则。The children cling to their father for more pocket money.孩子们粘着爸爸，要他再给些零花钱。He does not cling to classical principles,but sees all conceivable possibilities when

23、 he is confronted with a physical problem.当他面临着一个物理学问题时，他不是拘泥于传统的理论，而是能看出一切可能性。passionatehaving or expressing strong emotionsHer boyfriend is a passionate man.她的男友是个热情的人.Love that goes through hardships is the most passionate love.历尽艰辛的爱情是最热烈的爱情。passion(n.):strong feeling or emotioncompassion(n.)a d

24、eep awareness of and sympathy for anothers sufferingcompassionate(adj.)Paragraph 5Theres an impostor in each of us-why else would we put on dark glasses and try to speak and look like the natives of another places?At home,we impersonate ourselves;when were abroad,we can try to be what weve always wa

25、nted to be.In spite of all the recent talk about roots,many of us are tired of our roots,which may be shallow anyway,and so we travel in search of rootlessness.impostora person who makes deceitful pretensesNo impostor could deceive him;someone had put him up to all their tricks.任何骗子也骗不了他,有人已经把他们的一切圈

26、套告诉了他。He said he was a wealthy aristocrat,but it subsequently emerged that he was an impostor.他说他是一个富有的贵族，但是随后暴露出他是一个骗子。also:imposterimpersonateassume or act the character of;represent another person with comic intentions;im+person+nateHe impersonated the hero in the dramarootlessnessroot+less+nesss

27、elfishlessnesscarelessnesshelplessnessrecklessnessParagraph 6Traveling began when men grew curious.The influence of the church,the traditional pattern of life,the lack of money and leisure had all restrained curiosity until the seventeenth century,when under pressure of scientific discoveries,the ph

28、ysical world began to gape open.It was then that people began to travel in search of the profane.lack(n.)the state of needing something that is absent or unavailable;(v.)be withoutThey lack the motivation to study.他们缺乏学习的积极性.One night,I complained to my mom about the lack of time.有天晚上，我向妈妈抱怨自己事情太多，时

29、间不够。Lack of job opportunities results in severe unemployment.工作机会的缺乏导致严重的失业。leisuretime available for ease and relaxationHe likes leisure and hates work.他喜欢安逸,讨厌工作。Please peruse this report at your leisure.请在空暇时细读这篇报道。leisurely(adj.&adv.)not hurried or forced;in an unhurried way or at ones convenien

30、ceOn the way,we stumbled upon a firefly dancing leisurely in the mountains.途中，我们碰巧发现一只萤火虫悠闲地在山间飞舞。restrain1.keep under control;keep in check 2.place limits on(extent or access)3.to close within bounds,limit or hold back from movement 4.hold back 5.to compel or deter by or as if by threatsShe could n

31、ot restrain her curiosity to see what was in the box.她无法抑制她的好奇心，总想看看盒子里装着什么东西。restraint(n.)gape(n.)an expression of openmouthed astonishment;a stare of amazement(usually with the mouth open)(v.)look with amazement;look stupidly;be wide openHe must be a very strange-looking camel driver for people to

32、 gape like that.他必定是个很奇怪的拉骆驼的，他想；要不然，大家为什么这样呆呆的看着他呢？profane(v.)1.corrupt morally or by intemperance or sensuality 2.violate the sacred character of a place or language(adj.)1.characterized by profanity or cursing;2.not sacred or concerned with religionThey have profaned the long uphold tradition of

33、the church.他们亵渎了教会长期沿袭的传统They dare not provoke such a powerful spirit,or profane his temple.他们不敢激怒这么强大的神灵，或者亵渎他的寺庙。”Paragraph 7Travel arrived together with sophistication,with the ability to see through or beyond ones own culture,with the modern faculty of boredom.Something of the Crusades survives

34、in modern traveler-only his is a personal crusade,an impulse to go off and fight certain obscure battles of his own spirit.sophistication(n.)1.uplifting enlightenment 2.a deliberately invalid argument displaying ingenuity in reasoning in the hope of deceiving someone 3.being expert or having knowled

35、ge of some technical subject 4.the quality or character of being intellectually sophisticated and worldly through cultivation or experience or disillusionment 5.falsification by the use of sophistry;misleading by means of specious fallaciesThe latter system needs a great deal of sophistication and c

36、omputing.后一种系统需作大量的改进和计算。faculty1.one of the inherent cognitive or perceptual powers of the mind 2.the body of teachers and administrators at a schoolJohn has the faculty to learn languages easily.约翰有迅速学会语言的能力。They have not yet acquired either the faculty of reason or the wisdom of experience.他们还不具备

37、推理的能力或来自经验的智慧。The faculty expressed their sympathy with the students action.全体教员对学生的行动都表示赞成。boredomthe feeling of being bored by something tediousI believe that boredom is a fate worse than death.我相信无聊是比死亡更可怕的一个命运。They alleviated the boredom of waiting by singing songs.他们以唱歌来减轻等候的厌烦。Work spares us f

38、rom three evils:boredom,vice,and need.工作使我们远离三种罪恶：无聊、恶行和匮乏。crusade(n.)a series of actions advancing a principle or tending toward a particular end(v.)1.exert oneself continuously,vigorously,or obtrusively to gain an end or engage in a crusade for a certain cause or person;be an advocate for 2.go on

39、a crusade;fight a holy warJohn Edwards said that his crusade against poverty was rooted in his Christian faith.爱德华兹表示基督教信仰是他致力于减贫事业的原因。The CrusadeThe Crusades were a series of religiously sanctioned military campaigns waged by much of Latin Christian Europe,particularly the Franks of France and the

40、Holy Roman Empire.The specific crusades to restore Christian control of the Holy Land were fought over a period of nearly 200 years,between 1095 and 1291.Other campaigns in Spain and Eastern Europe continued into the 15th century.The Crusades were fought mainly against Muslims,although campaigns wer

41、e also waged against pagan Slavs,pagan Balts,Jews,Russian and Greek Orthodox Christians,Mongols,Cathars,Hussites,Waldensians,Old Prussians,and political enemies of the popesParagraphs 8,9Of course,one of the most common reasons for traveling is simply to get away.Freud said that we travel to escape

42、father and the family,and we might add the familiar.There is a recurrent desire to drop our lives,to simply walk out of them.When we travel,we are on vacation-vacant,waiting to be filled.The frenzied shopping of some travelers is an attempt to buy a new life.To get away to a strange place produces a

43、 luxurious feeling of disengagement,of irresponsible free association.recurrentadj.recurring again and again周期性的，经常发生的；复发的There are recurrent spelling mistakes in your compositions.你的作文中有重覆出现的拼字错误。Recurrent slave uprisings brought about the downfall of the ancient Roman Empire.不断出现的奴隶起义导致了古罗马帝国的覆灭。v

44、acantvoid of thought or knowledge;without an occupant or incumbentIf that room is vacant,we can practice there.如果那个房间空着,我们可以在那练习。Have all the vacant positions been filled yet?所有空缺的职位是否已满了？She stared straight ahead with a vacant look,trying to grasp the important moment.她带着迷茫的神情凝视着前方，努力要抓住这重要的时刻。fren

45、ziedexcessively agitated;affected with or marked by frenzy or mania uncontrolled by reasonThe dog jumped at the intruder with frenzied barks.那狗狂吠著跳起扑向闯进来的人.Subtle shows of affection may be increasingly rare in our frenzied world.在如今这个狂乱的世界，细微的表达爱意的举动或许会越发罕见。luxuriousdisplaying luxury and furnishing

46、gratification to the senses;rich and superior in qualityThey stayed in luxurious hotels.他们住在豪华的旅馆里。Of course,the Wilson President Hotel of Geneva is the most luxurious hotel.当然，日内瓦的威尔逊总统酒店是最奢侈的酒店。luxury(n.)the quality possessed by something that is excessively expensivedisengagementthe act of releas

47、ing from an attachment or connection;to break off a military action with an enemyThe suicide is kind of disengagement,right?自杀是种解脱，对吗？The other,perhaps more intractable,is the disengagement of the British government.第二个或许是更棘手的原因是英国政府对于欧洲事务采取的脱身政策。impregnableable to withstand attack;capable of concei

48、ving;incapable of being overcome,challenged or refuted无法攻取的；不受影响的；要塞坚固的；可以受孕的On this problem,she was impregnable 在这个问题上，她是坚不可摧的。.Before World War II,the French regarded their Maginot Line as an impregnable bulwark against a German invasion.第二次世界大战前，法国认为其马其诺防线是防止德军入侵无法攻破的壁垒。End of Unit 8 Part ITo be continued