8第五章--国际货物运输解析.ppt
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1、第五章第五章第五章第五章 国际海上货物运输与保险国际海上货物运输与保险国际海上货物运输与保险国际海上货物运输与保险司法考试要点:司法考试要点:第一节 国际海上货物运输班轮运输(班轮运输的概念、当事人、提单的概念及其法律特征、提单的种类、内容、提单在跟单信用证机制中的作用和存在的问题)调整班轮运输的国际公约(海牙规则、维斯比规则、汉堡规则)租船合同(航次租船合同、定期租船合同、光船租赁合同)第二节 国际货物运输保险国际货物运输保险概述(国际货物运输保险的基本原则、国际货物运输保险合同的订立、内容、变更、终止、委付与代位求偿)国际海洋货物运输保险条款(我国海洋货物运输保险的主要险别、保险期限、除外
2、责任、索赔时效、附加险别)第一节 国际海上货物运输一、提单(Bill of lading)(一)提单的定义和作用 提单是一种用于证明海上运输合同和货物已由承运人接管或装船,以及承运人保证凭以交付货物的单据。1、提单是托运人与承运人之间订有运输合同的凭证;2、提单是承运人从托运人处收到货物的凭证;(倒签提单、预借提单的问题)3、提单是代表货物所有权的物权凭证。lA bill of lading is a document which serves as an evidence of the contract of carriage of goods by sea and the taking o
3、ver or loading of the goods by the carrier,and based on which the carrier undertakes to deliver the goods against surrendering the same.(Article 71 of China Maritime Code)Characteristics of the Bills of Lading:(a)It is a receipt issued by or on behalf of the carrier whereby he acknowledges that he h
4、as shipped the goods or received them for shipment.(b)It evidence the terms of the contract of carriage which is normally concluded earlier.(c)It is a document of title.(二)提单的种类1、以货物是否装船已装船提单(shipped B/L)、收货待运提单(received for B/L)2、以提单上是否有批注清洁提单(clean B/L)、不清洁提单(claused B/L,foul B/L)(保函换取清洁提单的问题)3、以对
5、收货人的记载不同记名提单(straight B/L)、不记名提单(bearer B/L)、指示提单(order B/L)(三)承运人和托运人的权利与义务 1、承运人的责任 最低限度最低限度的责任:(1)在开航前和开航时克尽职责使船舶适航;时间:开航前和开航时;状态:船舶适于航行 船员的配备适当、船舶的装备和供应适当、适合货物的安全运送和保管 程度:克尽职责(1)To exercise due diligence to the ship seaworthy,before and at the beginning of the voyage:(a)seaworthiness:(适航性)u make
6、 the ship seaworthy.u properly man,equip and supply the ship u make the holds,refrigerating and cool chambers,and all other parts of the ship in which goods are carried,fit and safe for their reception,carriage and preservation(b)Due diligence(谨慎处理)(c)before and at the beginning of the voyage(2)管货的义
7、务To exercise due diligence to properly and carefully loading(装载),handling(处理),stowing(积载),carrying(运输),keeping(保管),caring for(照料),and discharging(卸载)the goods carried.(3)运输的义务2、责任期间:舷到舷、钩到钩原则 from the time when the goods are loaded on(货物装上船)to the time they are discharged from the ship(货物卸下船)3、承运人的责
8、任豁免(1)过失免责:承运人对船长、船员、领航员或承运人的其他受雇其他受雇人人在驾驶或管理船舶中的过失;Act,neglect,or default of the master,Act,neglect,or default of the master,mariner,pilot,or the servants of the carrier mariner,pilot,or the servants of the carrier in the navigation or in the management of in the navigation or in the management of
9、the ship.the ship.Adler Vs.Dickson(the Himalaya)Adler Vs.Dickson(the Himalaya)1954 2 Lloyds Rep.2671954 2 Lloyds Rep.267“喜马拉雅条款”源于1954年,Adler与Dickson理赔案。该案中,Adler太太为喜马拉雅轮上的旅客,因舷梯掉落,摔伤。由于客票上有运送人免责条款,Adler太太只得向船长Dickson先生及水手长提起诉讼。法院认为,虽然客送与货运一样,法律允许运送人将本身所享的免责条款以明文或默示的方式加以理解。但在本案中,该客票条款不论明文或默示,都不能体现受雇
10、人、代理人可以享有运送人免责的权利,因此Dickson船长被判应负侵权责任。本案判决后,“运送人免责条款应延伸保障运送人运送人免责条款应延伸保障运送人之受雇人或代理人之受雇人或代理人”的条文,从此列为载货证券条款之一,加以推广;此后的代理合约、委托合约成为习惯或通行做法。责任限制和抗辩理由的适用范围海牙规则未明确规定承运人的雇佣人或代理人是否也能享受责任限制的保护。维斯比规则的规定(喜马拉雅条款)Article IVApplication of Defences and Limits of Liability1.The defences and limits of liability prov
11、ided for in these Rules shall apply in any action against the carrier in respect of loss or damage to goods covered by a contract of carriage whether the action be founded in contract or in tort.2.If such an action is brought against a servant or agent of the carrier(such servant or agent not being
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- 第五 国际货物 运输 解析
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