高考英语专题复习－－定语从句语法课件.ppt

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1、2009高考英语专题复习定语从句语法定定语语从从句句定语从句（一）定语从句（一）1.定语从句定语从句:用来修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句用来修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句.它一它一般都跟在所修饰的名词或代词的后面般都跟在所修饰的名词或代词的后面,被定语从被定语从句修饰的词称为句修饰的词称为先行词先行词,引导定语从句的词叫引导定语从句的词叫关系词关系词,分为分为关系代词关系代词和和关系副词关系副词.2.引导词引导词:关系代词关系代词:who,whom,which,that,whose,as（主宾（主宾表）表）关系副词关系副词:when,where,why（状）（状）(whose作定语作定语;wh

2、om作宾语作宾语)人人物人/物1.Themanismyteacher.2.Thisisthebook3.Themanismybrother.4.Iwillrememberthethings5.Theroomismine.6.Thegirlisinmyschool.7.Thisisthesamecoat.8.Dontreadsuchbooks9.hedidntcome.10.Istillremembertheday11.Theschoolisverybeautiful.who is talking to my motherwhich is about medicinewhom I spoke t

3、o just nowwhich I saw in the schoolwhose window faces the streetwhose father works abroadas I boughtas are not interestingAs we expected,when I met her.where he works定语从句（二）定语从句（二）that和和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互在指物的情况下一般都可以互换换,但在下列情况下但在下列情况下,一般用一般用that,不用不用which。(1)先行词为先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,

4、anything,little,much 等不定代词时。等不定代词时。I am sure she has something(that)you can borrow.(2)先行词被先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等等 修饰时。修饰时。Ive read all the books that are not mine.(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。This is the first book(that)he has read.(4)先行词被先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast修饰时。修饰时。This i

5、s the very book that I am looking for.（5）先行词既有人，又有物，引导词只用）先行词既有人，又有物，引导词只用that The school and students that he visited made a deep impression(印象印象)on him.(6)Who/Which/What.之后引导词用之后引导词用that,不用不用who或或whichWho is the lady that is talking to our teacher?Which is the book that you want to read?All_helear

6、nedfromtheteachersisvaluable.Youcanfindalltheinformation_youneedontheInternet.Hetoldmeeverything_heheardatthemeeting.Sydneyisthefirstplace_IvisitedinAustralia.Thisisthemostamusing(惊讶的)story_Ihaveread.Theonlyinformation_Igotishisaddress.Thisistheverymoment_candecideyourfuture.Illneverforgetthebeautif

7、ulvillageandthekindvillagers_Ivisitedthesummerholiday.Whoistheman_isstandingbythewindow?thatthatthatthatthatthatthatthatthat1.非限制性定语从句Hecamelateagain,whichmademeangry.2.关系词前有介词ThisistheroominwhichChairmanoncelived.3.一个句子中含有两个定从，一个关系代词用that,另一个用whichLetmeshowyouthebookthatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhich

8、wasnewlyopentous.定语从句（三）定语从句（三）只用只用which,不用不用that1.先行词one,ones,anyone,指代人ThepersonIwanttolearnfromisonewhostudieshard.2.TherebeThereisagentlemanwhowantstoseeyou3.先行词在被分割的定语从句中ImetaforeignerintheparkyesterdaywhocanspeakChinesewell4.一个句子中两个定从，一个用that,另一个whoThemanthatwaspraisedatthemeetingisthemonitorw

9、hoisverymodest.定语从句（四）定语从句（四）修饰人只用修饰人只用who,不用不用that定语从句（五）定语从句（五）引导词在从句中作主语时，从句中谓语动引导词在从句中作主语时，从句中谓语动词的单复数与所修饰的先行词保持一致。词的单复数与所修饰的先行词保持一致。Thisisthegirlwho_(practice)thepianoeveryday.Hehasadaughterwho_(be)verypretty.Hehadtwodaughterswho_(be)beautiful.practicesiswere1.Oneof结构中：Tomisoneoftheboyswhowerel

10、ate.Tomisthe(only/theonly)oftheboyswhowaslate.2.I,who_fondofmusic,decidetomajorinmusicatcollege.am定语从句（六）定语从句（六）引导词在从句中做宾语，可以省略。引导词在从句中做宾语，可以省略。Yourfriend(_studiesinBeijingUniversity)cametoseeyouyesterday.Heistheman(_youhavebeenwaitingfor.)Thenecklace(_Maryborrowedfromherfriend)wasmadeofglass.Theboo

11、k(thatIborroweditfromthelibrary)iswellwritten.ThewatchIgaveittoherworkswell.who/thatwho/that/whom/which/that/定语从句（七）定语从句（七）关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语时，关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语时，可以把介词可以把介词提前，介词提前，介词+which/whomTheman_youtalkedtoisafamousactor.Themanto_youtalkedisafamousactor.Thebook_Iheardaboutwaswrittentenyearsago.Thebook

12、about_Iheardwaswrittentenyearsago.whom/who/that/-whomwhich/that/-which1.Doyouknowthestudent_?A.whomIoftentalkB.withwhoIoftentalkC.IoftentalkwithD.thatIoftentalk2.Canyoutellmethebook_theotherday?A.youtalkedaboutB.aboutthatyoutalkedaboutC.thatyoutalkedD.whichyoutalkedCA定语从句（八）定语从句（八）当先行词为时间、地点名词，且从句中缺

13、少时间、地点当先行词为时间、地点名词，且从句中缺少时间、地点状语，用关系副词状语，用关系副词when,where引导从句。引导从句。当先行词为当先行词为reason,且从句中缺少原因状语，用关系副且从句中缺少原因状语，用关系副词词why引导从句引导从句I still remember the day _I first came to Ji xi.whenIll never forget the time _we worked on the farm.whenThis is the house _we lived last year.whereThe factory _his father wo

14、rks is in the west of the city.whereThis was the reason _I was late.whyTellthedifferencebetweenthem.Thisisthefactory(_makesshoes.)Thisisthefactory(_hisfatherworks.)Thisisthefactory(_wevisitedyesterday.)Theday(_Iwillneverforget)isJanuary30th.Icannotforgettheday(_Ijoinedtheparty).#Pleasetellmethereaso

15、n(_youarelate.)Hehastoldmethereason(_canexplainhisabsence(缺席)fromthemeeting.)Thereason(_hetoldus)wasnottrue.#which/thatwherewhich/that/-which/that/-whenwhywhich/thatwhich/that/-定语从句（九）定语从句（九）1.关系副词关系副词when和和where引导的定语从句中，引导的定语从句中，when和和where可以用可以用介词介词+which来代替，介来代替，介词要根据与先行词的关系来确定。词要根据与先行词的关系来确定。He

16、will remember the years _he studied at college.when/in whichThis is the farm _my father used to work.where/on which2.关系副词关系副词why引导的定语从句中引导的定语从句中,why 可以用可以用for+which 来代替来代替Do you know the reason why/for which he was late?1.Isthisthehospital_heworkedtenyearsago?A.thatB.whichC.inwhichD.inwhere2.Hisuncl

17、eworksinafactory_bicyclesaremade.AthatB.whichC.whereD.inthat3.TheSecondWorldWar_millionsofpeoplewerekilledendedin1945.AduringwhichB.inthatC.whereD.onwhichCCA定语从句（十）定语从句（十）whose引导的定语从句形式为:whose+名词,表示所属关系,即某人的.或某物的.,如.Doyouknowtheboywhosefatherisascientist?.Therearemanytreeswhoseleaveshavefallenbecaus

18、eofdisease.Thegirlwhosedressisredismysister.表示所属关系时表示所属关系时,介词用介词用of,关系代词为关系代词为which/whom,即即the+名词名词+of+which/whom,可转换可转换为为whose+名词名词.Helivesinaroom,thewindowofwhichfaceswest.Helivesinaroom,ofwhichthewindowfaceswest.,whosewindowfaceswest.Thechildwassavedbyaman,thenameofwhomwasnotknown.Thechildwassave

19、dbyaman,ofwhomthenamewasnotknown.,whosenamewasnotknown.定语从句（十一）定语从句（十一）as引导的定语从句as引导定语从句通常用在一些固定的句型中,如:thesame.as.,such.as.,asweexpected,asweallknow,asherealized,asisnecessaryasisoftenthecase,asweallcansee,asismentioned等.1.ThisisthesamewatchasIlost.2.Dontreadsuchbooksasarenotuseful.3.Asweexpected,he

20、didntcome.1.Asweallknow,theearthisround.2.Asismentionedabove,smokingisbadforourhealth.3.Youhavemadethesamemistakeasyoumadelasttime.4.Asisknowntoeveryone,themoontravelsroundtheeartheverymonth.5.Asisoftenthecase,hewinsthefirstintheexamination.Thepoliceman_reportedtheaccidentthinksitwasTomsfault.Theman

21、_Isawtoldmetocomebacktoday.Thefriendwith_IwastravelingcouldspeakFrench.Thefilmisaboutaman_wifeisafilmstarThisisthepicture_mademethinkofmychildhood.Thehouse_windowsfacethesouthbelongstotheJohns.Theyaretalkingaboutthethingsandpersons_theysawontheisland.Myhometownisnotsuchaplace_itusedtobetenyearsago.T

22、heboy_Ithoughtwashonestisactuallyaliar.(说谎者）说谎者）who/thatwho/that/whom/-whomwhosewhich/thatwhosethataswho/that定语从句（十二）定语从句（十二）介词介词+关系代词关系代词(介词的选择介词的选择)用于这种情况的关系代词一般为用于这种情况的关系代词一般为which(指物指物)和和whom(指人指人)1.根据从句中根据从句中动词短语动词短语来确定来确定.Thisisthecarfor which you paid a high price.(pay for)Themanwithwhomyoush

23、ookhandsjustnowisTom.(shakehandswithsb)2.根据根据先行词先行词确定确定.when,where,why=介词介词关系代词。关系代词。.Illneverforgetthedayonwhich（=when）Ijoinedthearmy.Thefactoryinwhich（=where）hisfatherworksisfarawayfrommyhometown.Idontknowthereasonforwhich（why）hewaslateforschool.Thisisthecamerawithwhichheoftentakesphotos.3.表示所属关系时

24、表示所属关系时,介词用介词用of,即即the+名词名词+of+which/whom,=whose+名词名词.Helivesinaroom,thewindowofwhichfaceswest.Helivesinaroom,ofwhichthewindowfaceswest.,whosewindowfaceswest.Thechildwassavedbyaman,thenameofwhomwasnotknown.Thechildwassavedbyaman,ofwhomthenamewasnotknown.,whosenamewasnotknown.4.表示整体中的一部分或表示整体中的一部分或中最

25、中最的，介词一的，介词一般也用般也用of。both/all/some/分数分数/名词名词+of+whom/whichTheGreenshavetwodaughters,bothofwhomarecollegestudents.Chinahasmanyrivers,thelongestofwhichistheYangtzeRiver.$5.据句子的意思确定介词据句子的意思确定介词。Thisisthepilot(飞行员飞行员)forwhomIboughtacamera.Thisisthepilotwithwhommybrotherhasworkedfortenyears.Thisisthepilo

26、tbywhommysonwassavedPeter_IplayedtennisonSundayswasfatterthanI.Hishouse_hepaid$10,000tenyearsagoisnowworth$30,000.Ilostmyglasses_Icouldseenothing.Thereisabigtree_somepeoplearesittingandchatting.Theycollectedmuchmoney_theycouldhelpthedisabled.YesterdaywevisitedtheCenturyPark_therearemanypigeons.Youca

27、ngetoffatthenextstop_youcanchangefortheNo.10bus.Thereistheplane_IcametoShanghai.with whomfor whichwithout whichunder whichwith whichin whichat whichon which1.Hebuiltatelescope_hecouldstudythesky.AinwhichB.withthatC.throughwhichD.byit2.Ihavetwopens,_writeswell.A.NoneofwhichB.neitherofwhichC.noneofthe

28、mD.neitherofthem3.Thattree,thebranches(树枝)arealmostbare(秃的)，isveryold.A.whoseB.ofwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich4.Thetrain_hewastrvellingwas10minuteslate.A.whichB.onwhichC.forwhichD.onthat5.Thisisthefilm_Iaminterested.A.inwhichBatwhichC.inthatD.onwhichCBBBA1.Hebuiltatelescopehecouldstudythesky.AinwhichB.wit

29、hthatC.throughwhichD.byit2.Ihavetwopens,_writeswell.A.NoneofwhichB.neitherofwhichC.noneofthemD.neitherofthem3.Thattree,thebranches(树枝)arealmostbare(秃的)，isveryold.A.whoseB.ofwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich4.Thetrain_hewastrvellingwas10minuteslate.A.whichB.onwhichC.forwhichD.onthat5.Thisisthefilm_Iamintereste

30、d.A.inwhichBatwhichC.inthatD.onwhichCBBBA1.TheGreenshavetwodaughters,bothofwhomarecollegestudents.2.TheGreenshavetwodaughters,andbothof_arecollegestudents.3.TheGreenshavetwodaughters.Bothof_arecollege%.themthem定语从句（十三）定语从句（十三）限限制性定语从句与制性定语从句与非非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句的区别1从形式上来说，从形式上来说，非非与主句之间有与主句之间有逗号逗号分开。

31、分开。2从引导词来看，从引导词来看，非非修饰人和物均修饰人和物均不能用不能用that3从与主句的关系来看，从与主句的关系来看，非非是先行词的附加说明，如省略，是先行词的附加说明，如省略，主句意思不受影响，主句意思不受影响，限限与先行词的关系密切，是先行词与先行词的关系密切，是先行词不可缺少的成分，不能省，去掉，影响全句的意思。不可缺少的成分，不能省，去掉，影响全句的意思。Theschool,whichisfarfromyourhome,isagoodone.HereisabookwhichtellsabouttheChinese.Hearrivedhalfanhourlate,whichmad

32、eusunhappy.代指school 代指整个句子ProfessorWang,_inventedthemachine,iscomingtovisitourcity.Charlesworksinachemicalplant(工厂工厂),whereheholdsanimportantposition.(职职位位)Theplantwhere my brother worksisverybig.Hehasasonwhoisadoctor.Hehasason,whoisadoctor.who（一个或多个儿子）（一个或多个儿子）定语从句应注意问题（定语从句应注意问题（4）但但含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开

33、，介词仍放在含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在动词后面，不提前。动词后面，不提前。1.Thisisthewatchwhichhewaslooking for.Thisisthewatchforwhichhewaslooking.2.Thebabieswhomthenursesarelookingafterarehealthy.Thebabiesafterwhomthenursesarelookingarehealthy.3.Thevillagethatshelivesinistwomiles.Thevillageinthatshelivesistwomiles.Thevillageinwhichshelivesistwomiles.