2014新版八年级英语下册第一至第十单元知识点总结(共25页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上2014新版八年级英语下册第一至第十单元知识点总结Unit 1 Whats the matter?一、基础知识1. What s the matter? 怎么啦？出什么事情了？【解析】matter/ mt(r) /n.问题；事情What s the matter with you?= Whats the trouble with you?= What s wrong with you? 你怎么了？have a cold=catch a cold=have the flu感冒 have a fever 发烧 have a cough咳嗽have a stomachach

2、e胃疼，肚子疼 have a toothache牙疼 have a headache头疼4. much too+ too much+5. enough【形容、副词】足够的/地，enoughgood enough足够好，enough money=much money8. sound like+名词代词和从句：It sounds like you dont know the truth.It sounds like a good idea.sound+形容词，“听起来，好像”，The music sounds nice.9. need 需要，实义动词need+名词，需要某物；need to do

3、sth.需要做某事，主语通常是人，表示人主动的动作：You need to listen carefully during class.10. get off (the bus) 下（公交车） get on 上车11. agree 同意，赞同；如： 如：12. trouble问题，麻烦 ；be in troublemake trouble ，have trouble (in) doing sth. =have difficulties (in) doing sth13. right away=right now=at once，意为。14.【复习】 advice 不可数名词劝告，建议，向征求意

4、见， give sb. advice on sth.就某事给某人建议； advise 动词 15. 【复习】exercise 练习、锻炼 当exercise意为“练习”时，为可数名词 即可加s当exercise意为“锻炼”时，为不可数名词 即不加s16. hurt 及物动词，使疼痛，受伤， 不及物动词，（部位）疼。 His leg hurt badly.18. hit （用手或器具）打；击打 The boy hit the dog with a stone.hit sb. on the head/ nose/ back打某人的头、鼻子、后背，on用在所打较硬的部位；hit sb. in the

5、 face/ eye/ stomach 打某人的脸、眼睛、肚子，in用在所打较软的部位。19. be used to sth./ doing sth.习惯于、适应了、做某事，强调状态； used to sth./ doing sth. “变得习惯，逐渐适应”强调过程、动作：Its difficult for one to get used to another countrys habit.20. 【复习】free 形容词空闲的free time；免费的the drink is for free；自由的I want to become a free bird.free【动词】使解脱，得到自由：

6、He could not free his arm.21. run out用完，用尽When his water run out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life.物sth. run out. 某物用尽了。人sb. run out of sth. 人用尽了某物。He run out of all his money last night.22. risk (sb.) to do sth. 冒险去做某事 take a risk=take risks 冒险23. the importance of (d

7、oing) sth.（做）某事的重要性importance n. 重要（性）， important adj.重要的， decision 【名词】决定；抉择；25. be in the control of 掌管，管理 The headmaster is in the control of this new school.be out of control无法控制，无法管理 be under control被控制住，在控制之中26. 【复习】mind意为， Would you mind my opening the window?27. give up (doing) sth. 放弃（做）某事，

8、give up (playing) computer games；give up后可接名词、代词和动词ing形式，也可不接，如: Never give up easily.Unit 2 Ill help to clean up the city parks一、基本知识点2. cheer (sb.) up（让某人）变得高兴；振奋起来3. give out分发；散发，相当于hand out， give sth. out to sb. 意为把某物分发给某人 。5. used to do sth.过去/曾经(常)做某事，表示过去的习惯、动作或状态，并强调现在已经不再存在或发生。6. alone 【形容

9、词】独自一人的，无感情色彩：The musician enjoyed living alone and writing songs himself.lonely （感到）孤独寂寞的，带有很强的感情色彩，可做表语或定语。The lonely boy is not lonely now.7. care for sb./sth.照顾；照料care 【名词】小心，关心take care of=look after 【动词】care about sb./sth.关心，在意某人/事【形容词】careful 仔细的 / careless 粗心的 【副词】carefully 仔细地8. such “这样的，这

10、种，如此”，用于修饰名词such+ a/ an+形容词+单数名词：such a good day 多么美好的一天 /such an exciting match 多么 精彩的比赛such+形容词+复数名词/不可数名词：such important decisions 多么重要的建议 such delicious food 多么美味的食物 如果名词前被many, much, few, little修饰时，只能用so，而不用such：so many sick children/ so little time9. try out for参加选拔，争取成为Thirty football players

11、 tried out for the Best Player of the year.try out试用，试验10. journey 【名词】（尤指长途）旅行，行程；trip【名词】多指短途旅行；travel【名词、动词】travel around the world 【名词】traveler旅行者 11.【复习】be busy with sth. 忙于（做）什么事情 be busy doing sth. 忙于（做）什么事情12.【复习】try doing sth. 试着去做某事 只是一种尝试 try to do sth. 试着做 尽力去做某事 try ones best (to do sth

12、.) 尽某人最大的努力去做某事13.【复习】be worried about sb./ sth. = worry about sb./ sth. 担心某人、某事14. raise money集资，筹钱；raise money for为筹钱raise【动词】举起；提高；募集15. keep【动词】keep+名词，保留（某物）；keep+形容词，保持16.【形容词】broken破损的，出毛病的；blind瞎的，失明的；deaf聋的；disabled有残疾的，丧失能力的；在句中做定语和表语。17. make it possible (for sb.) to do sth.使（某人）做某事成为可能，Y

13、ou helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky.make it +形容词(+for sb.) to do sth. 使（某人）做某事成为；think/find it +形容词to do sth.18. make a difference to对有影响；对有作用，difference前可以用no, any, some, much等修饰，如19. difficulty【可数/不可数】表示抽象意义的“困难”时为不可数；表示具体的“难题、难事”时为可数；have difficulty (in) doing sth.= have trouble (i

14、n) doing sth. 做某事有困难20. train【动词】训练，trained为过去分词，可做定语，意为“受过训练的”a trained dog21. be excited about sth. 对某事感到兴奋 ，Everyone is excited about the good news.【复习】excited意为 兴奋的，修饰人；exciting意为 令人兴奋/激动的，修饰物。22. order【名词】命令，指示；顺序，次序【动词】订购；点（菜）follow the order。23. change【动词】变化，改变Its hard for a person to change

15、his life(style). 【名词】变化；零钱change A for B用A换成B：When you travel in China, remember to change US dollars for RMB.24. repair 【动词】修理，修补； fix【动词】安装；使固定 【fix up修理=repair】Unit3 Could you please clean your room?Could you please（not） do sth ?请你（做）.好吗？用于提出请求，希望得到对方的肯定回答，说话的语气比较客气委婉。 Could 不是can的过去式，是委婉、礼貌的说法。回

16、答用can.【常用答语】肯定回答：Sure./ Of course./ Certainly./No problem.否定回答： Sorry , I cantCould I do a sth? 我可以做.吗？用于表达请求，语气比较委婉。Could I go out with my classmate this weekend?2】at least 至少，多指数量或程度上的最低限度。(反) at most 至多，不超过3】finish v 结束；完成 finish doing sth 做完某事【注意】enough 修饰名词时，置于名词前；修饰形容词时，置于形容词之后。【拓展】take 构成的短语：

17、take a walk 去散步 take a rest 休息 take care of 照顾 take off 脱下；起飞take up 占据 take down 拿下 take ones time 不急；慢慢来take ones temperature 量体温7. The minute I sat down in front of the TV, my mom came over .我刚坐在电视机前面，我妈妈就过来了。【解析1】the minute = as soon as “一. 就.” 【解析2】 in front of指在物体外部的前面There is a bike in front

18、of the classroom.指在物体内部的前面Our teacher is standing in the front of the classroom【注意】有the无the区别大：at table 吃饭；进餐 at the tabel 在桌边 in hospital 住院 in the hospital 在医院（不一定看病）【解析3】come over 过来【拓展】 come 短语：come across（偶然）发现 come back 回来 come up with想出come true实现 come down下来 come from=be from来自,出生于此处删除come i

19、n/into进入,进来 come on赶快,加油 come along走吧,过来,快点come and go来来去去 come up上来 come out出来，(花)开，(照片)冲洗出来7. You watch TV all the time and never help out around the house!你总是看电视，从不帮忙做家务！all the time = always 一直；总是8. Im just as tired as you are! 我和你一样累！【解析】as.as . 和.一样.9. For one week , she did not do any housewo

20、rk and neither did I.一周的时间，她不做任何家务，我也不做。【解析】neither +助动词/系动词/情态动词 +主语 “某人（主语） 也不” neither两者都不neither nor 既不也不,连接两个词做主语，谓语动词由后一个主语确定Neither Tom nor Jim is a student10. The next day , my mom came home from work to find the house clean and tidy.第二天，妈妈下班回到家后发现房间很干净、整洁。【解析】find +宾语+宾语补足语【注】find found fou

21、nd v寻找(1) find sb. doing sth 发现某人做某事(2) find it + adj. + to do sth 发现做某事很find it difficult/ hard to do sth 发现做某事很困难11. She asked in surprise.她吃惊地问道。【解析】in surprise 惊奇地；吃惊地surprise v 使吃惊surprising adj. 令人吃惊的 surprised adj. 吃惊的to ones surprise 使某人吃惊的是 in surprise 吃惊地 be surprised at 对感到吃惊To my surpris

22、e_(使我吃惊的是），he got the first prize in the exam.【解析1】need v 需要用于肯定句，是实义动词。(1)人做主语，sb. need to do sth 某人需要做某事(2)物做主语，sth need doing sth= sth need to be done 用于否定句或疑问句，是情态动词(1)neednt = dont have to 没有必要(2)need ,must 引导的一般疑问句，肯定会的用must,否定回答用neednt Must I go there now? Yes，you must/No, you neednt【解析2】shar

23、e 分享；共用 share sth 分享或共用某物share sth with sb. 与某人分享某物13.Could I hang out with my friends after the movie?看完电影后我能和朋友们一起闲逛吗？【解析】hang out 闲逛 hang up 把.悬挂/挂起14. Could you please pass me the salt?你能把盐递给我吗？【解析】pass v 给；递；走过；通过pass sb.sth 把某物递给某人 v 通过；路过 I pass your home. v 通过（考试） ；及格 Tom can pass his math e

24、xam.15. Could I borrow that book?我能借下你那本书看吗、Could you lend me some money?你能借我一些钱吗？【解析】borrow /lend/keep(1)borrow 借入 ,与from 连用，尤指主语“【借进来”】borrow sth from sb. 从某人那里借某物 You can borrow the book from the library.(2)lend 借出 ,与to 搭配 【指借出去】 lend sb sth=lend sth to sb 把某物借给某人He doesnt want to lend his book t

25、o others.(3)keep 保留，保存（延续动词，可以与表示一段时间的状语连用）【指借一段时间】【记】 I want to _borrow_ a bike from my friend but he didnt _lend_ it to me,because Tom had _kept_ it for two days.16. I cut my finger and Im trying not to get it wet.我的手指割伤了，伤口不能弄湿。【解析】try (not) to do sth努力（不）做某事try v 试图，设法，努力【拓展】 (1)try on 试穿 (2) tr

26、y to do sth 努力做某事 【侧重尽力做】 (3) try doing sth 试图做某事 【侧重尝试做】(4)try ones best to do sth= do ones best to do sth 尽某人最大努力做某事17. I hate to do chores. 我讨厌做家务。hate to do sth 讨厌做某事, 表示某次具体行为或动作。 hate doing sth不愿意做某事 表示经常或习惯性行为或动作。18.Could I ask you to help me with some chores then?那我能请求你帮我做些杂活吗？【解析】ask sb. to

27、 do sth 要求某人做某事。ask for 请求，要某物 ask sb. about sth 向某人询问关于某事(1)ask sb. for help 向某人请求帮助 (2) ask sb. (not) to do sth请求某人做某事19.Ill finish my homework while you help me with the dishes.当你帮我洗盘子的时候，我将完成我的家庭作业。【解析1】finish doing sth 完成某事【解析2】while conj. “在期间； 当的时候”While 引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词只能是延续动词。【解析3】help sb. wi

28、th sth. 在某事上帮助某人。20. Could I invite my friends to a party? 我能邀请我的朋友们来聚会吗？【解析】invite sb. to Sp. 邀请某人去某地【解析】invite v invitation n邀请(1) invite sb. to do sth 邀请某人做某事(2)invite sb. to +地点 邀请某人去某地21.I dont understand why some parents make their kids help with housework and chores at home.我不理解为什么有些父母在家让孩子们帮

29、忙做家务和杂务。【解析】make sb. do sth 让某人做某事make made made v. 做， 制作， 使得(1) make sb/sth + 形容词 “让某人或某物” make you happy(2) make sb/sth do sth 使某人做某事 make me laugh.22.They dont have time to study and do housework，too. 他们也没有时间来学习家务和做家务。【解析】have time to do sth.有时间做某事have time =be free 有空23. Housework is a waste of

30、their time. 做家务是在浪费他们的时间。【解析】a waste of 浪费 a waste of time 浪费时间a waste of money 浪费金钱waste time/money on sth waste time / money (in) doing sth 在做某事上花费时间/金钱(2) pay paid paid v 支付，主语是人sb.+ pay + 钱+for sth I pay 10 yuan for the book.(3) cost cost cost v 花费，主语是某物或某事 sth cost sb. +钱 某物花费某人多少钱 A new comput

31、er costs me a lot of money.(4)taketook taken v 花费It takes /took sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间It takes him 3 hours to do his homework.【解析2】in order to “目的是；为了” 后接动词原形。 in order to do sth 为了做某事【解析3】get into =enter 进入【拓展】与get相关的短语：get up 起床 get back 返回 get over 克服get dressed穿衣 get into进入 get/be

32、lost丢失 get off/on下/上车get on well with sb.与某人相处得好 get out of从出来 get warm 变暧get ready for +n.为做准备 get ready to do sth.准备做某事get well康复 get a chance 有机会、得到机会get/go to sleep(fall asleep)入睡 相关：(be asleep睡着)【解析】provide sth. for sb. 为某人提供某物provide v 提供provide sb. with sth. (sb 前介词用for)=provide sth for sb.(

33、sth 前需加介词with)供应某人某物 相当于：offer sb. sth. = offer sth to sb.28.解析】It is important for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是重要的29. 【解析】depend on 依靠；信赖30.【解析1】 do ones part 尽职责；尽本分Do ones part in doing sth 在做某事上尽职责keep 系动词 “保持” keep + adj . We must keep healthy.实义动词 “保持；继续”(1) keep ( on ) doing sth 继续做某事 (2) keep sb

34、. Doing sth 让某人一直做某事31. 【解析】develop independence 培养独立意识develop vdevelopment n 发展developing adj. 发展developed adj. 发达的a developing country 一个发展中国家a developed country 一个发达国家32. the importance of saving these animals 第一个做某事的人33.【解析】take care of 照顾Thanks for your invitation, but Im so sorry I cant go. I

35、need to _take care of_ my baby at home.【拓展】与take相关的短语：take photos/pictures 照像 take away拿走 take out取出(work out算出) take care当心take medicine服药 take place发生 take ones temperature量体温 take ones time别着急 take a walk散步34. 【解析1】as a result 结果 （插入语，放在句首，用逗号隔开）Dont ask him too late into the night, _As a result_

36、 , he is only a small child.【解析2】fall ill 生病 fall asleep 入睡35 .【解析】the + 比较级， the + 比较级 “越. 越. ”The more you smile, the _ happier_ you will feel.Unit 4 Why dont you talk to your parents?一、基础知识1. Why dont you talk to your parents? 你为什么不和你打父母谈谈呢？【解析】Why dont you do sth ?= Why not do sth? 为什么不.呢？【拓展】用于

37、提建议的句型有：(1)What about doing sth ?=How about doing sth? .怎么样？(2)Why dont you do sth?= Why not do sth? 为什么不呢？(3)Lets do sth.让我们一起做某事吧。(4)Shall we/I do sth?我们做好吗？(5)had better do/not do sth 最好做/不做某事(6) Will/Would you please do sth 请你做好吗？(7) Would you like to do sth? 你想去做某事吗？(8)Would you mind doing sth？

38、你介意做某事吗？【回答】(1). 同意对方的建议时，一般用： Good idea./ Thats good idea. 好主意 OK/ All right./ Great 好/ 行/太好了 Yes, please ./ Id love to 是的/ 我愿意 I agree with you 我同意你的看法No problem 没问题Sure/ Of course/ Certainly 当然可以Yes, I think so 对，我也这样想(2).对对方的帮助或要求表示委婉谢绝时，一般用： I dont think so 我认为不是这样 Sorry, I cant 对不起，我不能Id love

39、to, but Im afraid我愿意，但恐怕【解析1】(1)too many + 复数名词 许多 too many people(2)too much +不可数名词 许多 too much homework(3)much too +形容词 太 much too cold【解析】allow sb. to do sth 允许某人做某事 【拓展】allow v 允许allow doing sth 允许做某事 They dont allow smoking. allow sb. to do sth 允许某人做某事My mother allows me to watch TV. be allowed

40、 to do sth 被允许做某事【拓展】allow与let的辨析：allow指“允许”，表示“默许，听任，不加阻止”，allow sb to do sth允许某人做某事。Let指“让”，let sb do sth让某人做某事，语意较弱，多用于口语中，let不能用于被动语态。【解析】go to sleep 去睡觉 (强调“入睡，睡着”这一动作）【解析】look 看起来 （系动词，后跟形容词作宾语）【拓展】：系动词：后跟adj. 作表语一是：（be） am /is /are be quiet=keep quiet 保持安静 二保持：stay/keep （表示持续状态） stay healthy=

41、keep healthy 保持健康 三变化：become/get/turn （表示状态变化） 五起来：sound/look/smell/taste/feel （表示感觉）【解析1】find sb. doing sth 发现某人正在做某事【解析2】look through 浏览【拓展】与look相关的短语：look for look after=take care of look like look the same look over look through look out look up look around look forward to【解析】be angry with sb. 生

42、某人的气【拓展】angry adj. 生气的 angrily adv. 生气地(1)be angry with sb. =be mad at sb. 对某人生气【with后接人】(2)be angry at/about sth对某事感到生气 【at后接事】 (3)be angry to do sth 做某事感到生气【拓展】although/however辨析although conj，“虽然；即使；纵然”，引导让步状语从句时放在主句前后都可。 however adv，在句中作插入语，起一个连词的作用，一般用逗号与句子分开，可放在句首或句中，意为“然而，尽管如此”。【解析】leave v 遗忘，

43、留下 leave sth . somewhere把某物忘在某地leave sb. by oneself 把某人单独留下【解析1】hope v 希望hope to do sth hope + that 从句 （表示希望）wish v 希望 wish to do sth wish sb.to do sth 希望某人做某事【解析】get on with sb. 和某人和睦相处；和某人关系良好=get along with get on well/ badly with 相处的好/坏【解析1】argue 争吵argue with sb. 与某人争吵argue with sb. about sth 为某

44、事与某人争吵【解析2】be nice to sb. 对某人友好 be friendly to sb be good to sb.【解析】refuse =say no to v拒绝 refuse to do sth拒绝去做某事【解析】 offer to do sth 主动提出做某事【拓展】offer v 主动给予(1) offer to do sth 主动提出做某事(2)offer sb. sth= offer sth to sb. 主动提供给某人某物【解析2】communicate v交流 communication n 交流；沟通communicate with sb. 和某人交流【解析】e

45、xplain 解释；说明 explanation n 解释；说明explain sth to sb. 向某人解释某事。explain to sb sth给某人解释某事【解析】 be worried about sth. 担心某事【拓展】worry v 担心 worried adj. 焦急worry about = be worried about 为担心【解析】return v 归还=give back return . to . = give back to . 把.还给. v 回来；返回 = come back【解析】compete v竞争；对抗 competition n 竞争compe

46、te with sb. 和某人竞争compete against/ with 与竞争compete for 为参加比赛【解析】some time /sometime/some times/sometimes【口诀】：分开是一段， 合起是某时； 分开s 是倍次，合起s是有时(1) some time一段时间，做时间状语It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间(2) sometime adv 在某个时候，(3) some times 名词词组，“几次，几倍”(4)sometimes=at times 有时 （一般现在时的标志词）【解析】cut ou

47、t 删除；删去 (v+adv) cut up 切碎 cut down 砍到 cut in 插队 cut off 切断（水、电）供应【解析】successful 成功的【拓展】 succeed v 成功，达到 success n 成功successful adj 成功的successfully adv成功地 succeed in doing sth【解析】Its time for sth 是到做某事的时候了。Its time for lunch.Its time to do sth Its time to go to school.【解析】continue 继续；持续【拓展】continue doing sth =go on doing sth 继续做某事(前后做同一件事)continue to do sth = go on to do sth 继续做某事（前后不是同一件事）【解析2】all kinds o