初一英语语法及主要知识点归纳总结.pdf

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1、 初一英语知识点归纳总结 分类：英语学习 Unit1Wheresyourpenpalfrom?一短语：1befrom=comefrom来自于-2livein 居住在-3onweekends在周末 4 writetosb=writealettertosb 给某人写信；写信给某人 5 intheworld 在世界上 inChina 在中国 6 penpal 笔友 14yearsold14岁 favoritesubject 最喜爱的科目 7 theUnitedStates美国 theUnitedKingdom 英国 NewYork 纽约 8 speakEnglish 讲英语 likeanddisli

2、ke 爱憎 9 gotothemovies 去看电影 playsports 做运动 二要点句式：1Where syourpenpalfrom?=Wheredoesyourpenpalfrom/2Wheredoeshelive?3Whatlanguage(s)doeshespeak?4IwantapenpalinChina.5IcanspeakEnglishandalittleFrench.6Pleasewriteandtellmeaboutyourself.7Canyouwritetomesoon?8Ilikegoingtothemovieswithmyfriendsandplayingspo

3、rts.三本单元的国家，人民、语言对应。1 Canada-Canadian-English/French 2 France-French-French 3 Japan-Japanese-Japanese 4 Australia-Australian-English 5 theUnitedStates-American-English 6theUnitedKingdom-British-Enghish Unit2Where sthepostoffice?Askingways:()1 Whereis(thenearest)2 Canyoutellmethewayto 3 HowcanIgetto

4、4 Istherenearhere/intheneighborhood?5 Whichisthewayto Showingtheways:1.Gostraightdown/alongthisstreet.2.Turnleftatthesecondturning.3.Youwillfinditonyourright.4.Itisaboutonehundredmetresfromhere.5.Youdbettertakeabus.Youdbetter+1.acrossfromacrossfromthebank 2.nexttonexttothesupermarket 3.betweenand be

5、tweentheparkandthezoo among 4.infrontofThereisatreeinfrontoftheclassroom.inthefrontofThereisadeskinthefrontofthe classroom.5.behindbehindmyhouse 6.turnleft/right/ontheleft/rightof/ontheleftofourschool onone sleft/right/onmyleft 7.gostraight 8.down/alongdown/alongCenterStreet 9.intheneighborhood=near

6、here 10welcometo 11.take/haveawalk 12.thebeginningof,atthebeginningof,inthebeginning 13.havefun=haveagoodtime=enjoyoneself Ihadfunyesterday.Ihadagoodtimeyesterday.Ienjoyedmyselfyesterday.14.haveagoodtrip 15.takeataxi 16.getto+gethere/there/home/arrivein+IarriveinBeijing.arriveat+小地方 Iarriveatthebank

7、.reach+地方 17goacross 从物体表面横过 goacrossthestreet 横过马路 gothrough 从空间穿过 gothroughtheforest 穿过树林 18on+街道的名称。Eg:onCenterStreet at+详细门牌号+街道的名称Eg:at6CenterStreet 三重难点分析 1enjoydoingsth享受做某事的乐趣，喜爱做某事 Ienjoyreading.我喜爱念书。到当前为止，我们学了两个特别的动词 finish 和 enjoy，都是要带doing.Ifinishcleaningtheroom.我扫完了这间房屋。2hopetodosth希望做

8、某事 Ihopetopassthisexam.我希望经过此次考试。hope+从句 Ihopetomorrowwillbefine.我希望明日将会明朗。（从句即是一个小句子，这个小句子又放在大句子中，附属于大句子，因此叫从 句。如 tomorrowwillbefine 是一个从句，它又放在 Ihope的后边，形成句中 有句。）3.if指引一个表示假定的句子。IfIhavemuchmoney,Iwillgotothemoon.假如我有很多钱，我就会去月球。Ifyouarehungry,youcanbuysomefoodinthesupermarket.假如你饿了的话，你能够在商场买一些食品。四本单

9、元的反义词、近义词配对 1new old2quiet-busy3dirty-clean4big-small Unit3Whydoyoulikekoalabears?一要点词组 eatgrasseatleavesbequietveryshyverysmartverycuteplaywithherfriendskindofSouthAfricaotheranimals atnightinthedayeverydayduringtheday 二.社交用语 1.Whydoyoulikepandas?Becausethey reveryclever.2.Whydoeshelikekoalas?Becau

10、sethey rekindofinteresting.3.Wherearelionsfrom?TheyarefromSouthAfrica.4.Whatotheranimalsdoyoulike?Ilikedogs,too.Why?Becausethey refriendlyandclever.5.Mollylikestoplaywithherfriendsandeatgrass.6.She sveryshy.7.HeisfromAustralia.8Hesleepsduringtheday,butatnighthegetsupandeatsleaves.9Heusuallysleepsand

11、relaxes20hourseveryday.10Letsseethepandasfirst.11Theyrekindofinteresting.12Whatotheranimalsdoyoulike?13Whydoyouwanttoseethelions?三.要点难点释义 1、kindof有点，略微 Koalabearsarekindofshy.考拉有点害羞。kind 还有“种类”的意思 如：各种各种的 allkindsof Wehaveallkindsofbeautifulflowersinourschool.2、Chinan.中国 African.非洲 China 和 Africa 都是

12、专出名词，首字母都应当大写，并且和介词 in 连用。TherearemanykindsoftigersinChina.TherearemanykindsofscaryanimalsinAfrica.3、friendlyadj.友善的，平和可亲的 它是名词 friend 的形容词形式，常常和 be 动词连用,befriendly。ThepeopleinChengduareveryfriendly.4、withprep.跟，同，和在一同 Iusuallyplaychesswithmyfather.注意差别与 and 的用法，and 往常用于连结主语或宾语，连结主语时，假如有 I,I往常放在 and

13、 以后，如：MyfatherandIusuallyplaychesstogether.Playwith和“一同嬉戏”“玩”Ioftenplaywithmypetdog.Dontplaywithwater!5、day 和 night 是一对反义词，day 表示白日或一天，night 表示夜或夜晚。往常说 intheday,duringtheday,atnight。Koalabearsoftensleepduringthedayandeatleavesatnight.6、leafn.叶子 复数形式为：leaves,近似的变化还有：wifewives,wolfwolves,knifeknives 等

14、。7、hourn.小时；点钟 hour 前边往常加上冠词an 表示“一个小时”，即：anhour。Thereare24hoursinadayand60minutesinanhour.8、befrom 来自 befrom=comefrom PandasarefromChina.=PandascomeformChina.9、meatn.（食用的）肉，为不行数名词，表示“很多”时，使用 much 来修 饰，即：muchmeat Heeatsmuchmeateveryday.10、grassn.草，为不行数名词，表示“很多”时，使用 much 来修饰，即：much grass。Thereismuchg

15、rassontheplayground.四.语法知识 特别疑问句往常以“what、“”who、”“which、“”when、”“where、”“how、”“howold、”“howmany 等”开头，对某一详细问题进行发问。特别疑问句的基本构成有两种状况：1.疑问句+一般疑问句构造。这是最常有的状况。比如：Whatsyourgrandfatherstelephonenumber?你爷爷的电话号码是多少？Whoisthatboywithbigeyes?那个大眼睛的男孩是谁？Whichseasondoyoulikebest?你最喜爱哪个季节？Whenishegoingtoplaythepiano?

16、他什么时候弹钢琴？Wheredoeshelive?他住在哪儿？Howareyou?你好吗？Howoldareyou?你多大了？Howmanybrothersandsistersdoyouhave?你有几个兄弟姐妹？2.疑问句+陈说句构造。这时疑问词作主语或修饰主语。比如：Whoisondutytoday?今日谁值日？Whichmanisyourteacher?哪位男士是你的老师？我们学过的 What/Howabout+名词/代词+其余？也是特别疑问句，它是一种省略 构造。比如：IlikeEnglish.What/Howaboutyou?我喜爱英语。你呢？Whataboutplayingbask

17、etball?打篮球怎么样？Unit4Iwanttobeanactor.一短语：1wanttodosth想要作某事 2givesbsth=givesthtosb给某人某物/把某物给某人 3helpsbdosth帮助某人作某事Eg:Iwanttohelpmymotherdosomehouseworkathome.4helpsbwithsth 帮助某人谋事Eg:Iwanttohelpmymotherwithsomehouseworkathome 5intheday在白日 6atnight在夜晚 7talkwith/tosb和-讲话 8bebusydoingsth忙于做某事Eg:Heisbusyli

18、steningtotheteacher.9inahospital在医院 l 10work/studyhard努力工作 11EveningNewspaper晚报 二要点句式及注意事项：1 咨询职业的特别疑问词是what；有三种主要句式 What+is/are+sb?What+does/do+sb+do?What+is/are+名词全部格/形容词性物主代词+job?2Peoplegivemetheirmoneyorgettheirmoneyfromme.3SometimesIworkinthedayandsometimesatnight.4 Iliketalkingtopeople.5 Iwork

19、late.I mverybusywhenpeoplegoouttodinners.6 Wheredoesyoursisterwork?7thenwehaveajobforyouasawaiter.8 Doyouwanttoworkforamagazine?Thencomeandworkforusasa reporter.9 Doyouliketoworkeveningsandweekends?10Weareaninternationalschoolforchildrenof5-12.三 本单元中的名词复数。1policeman-policemen2womandoctor-womendoctor

20、s3 thief-thieves 第一 主谓宾构造 Ihaveanapple.其次定状补 Ireallyhaveabigapple.really 做 have 的状语状语修饰动词动词一般就是谓语动词 big 做 apple 的定语定语修饰名词名词一般是主语或宾语 最后主系表构造它与主谓宾很相像只可是谓语动词时系动词最常有的是 be 动词及其变形 Iamastudent。主语往常用于句子初步，主要有：i,you,he,she,it,we,they，但 it有时用作形式主 语，表特指。谓语，往常放在主语以后，一般是动词，表示“某某人在。”宾语，往常放在谓语以后，一般是主语的宾格。有时是人，有时是物

21、。定语，状语，往常是从句。定语从句：常相关系代词 thatwhichwhowhoes，关系副词 whenwherewhy.往常选择关系词的步骤是：1、确立先行词 2.确立关系词.主系表：主，就是主语。系，特指系动词，就是说当句子中没有谓语时，用系动 词来取代。表，修饰系动词用。1、名词 A）、名词的数 我们知道名词能够分为可数名词和不行数名词，而不行数名词它没有复数形式，但可数名词却有单数和复数之分，复数的构成以下：一）在后边加 s。如：fathers,books,Americans,Germans,apples,bananas 二）x,sh,ch,s,tch后加 es。如：boxes,gla

22、sses,dresses,watches,wishes,faxes 三）1）以辅音字母加 y 结尾的变 y 为 i再加 es 如：baby-babies,family-families,duty-duties,comedy-comedies,documentary-documentaries,story-stories 2）以元音字母加 y 结尾的直接加 s。如：day-days,boy-boys,toy-toys,key-keys,ways 四）以 o 结尾加 s（外来词）。如：radios,photos,但如是辅音加 o 的加 es：如:tomatoes 西红柿,potatoes 马铃薯

23、五）以 f或 fe 结尾的变 f为 v 再加 es(s)。如：knife-knives,wife-wives,half-halves,shelf-shelves,leaf-leaves,yourself-yourselves 六）单复数同样（不变的）有：fish,sheep,deer鹿子,Chinese,Japanese 七）一般只有复数，没有单数的有：people,pants,shorts,shoes,glasses,gloves,clothes,socks 八）单词形式不变，既能够是单数也能够是复数的有：police 警察局，警察,class 班，同学,family 家，家庭成员 九）合成

24、的复数一般只加主要名词，多半为后一个单词。如：actionmovie-action movies,penpal-penpals;但假如是由 man 或 woman 所构成的合成词的复数则 同时为复数。如：mandoctor-mendoctors,womanteacher-womenteachers 十）有的单复数意思不一样。如：fish 鱼 fishes 鱼的种类,paper 纸 papers 报纸，卷子，论文,work 工作 works 作品，工厂,glass 玻璃 glasses 玻璃杯，眼镜,orange 桔子水 oranges 橙子,light 光芒 lights 灯,people 人

25、 peoples 民族,time 时间 times 时代,次数,chicken 鸡肉 chickens小鸡 十一）单个字母的复数能够有两种形式直接加 s 或s。如：Is(Is),Ks(K。但s)如是缩略词则只加s。如：IDs,VCDs,SARs 十二）特别形式的有：child-children,man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,mouse-mice,policeman-policemen,Englishman-Englishmen B）名词的格 当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时，我们就要使用全部格形式。构成以下：一）单数在后边加s。如：brother s,Mikes,

26、teacher s 二）复数以 s 结尾的直接在 s 后加，假如不是以 s 结尾的与单数同样办理。如：Teachers Day 教师节,classmates;Children六 s 一 Day 节,Women sDay 三八 节 三）由 and 并列的名词全部时，假如是共同全部同一人或物时，只加最后一个s，但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式办理。如：MikeandBensroom 迈克和本的房 间（共住一间），MikesandBensrooms 迈克和本的房间（各自的房间）2、代词 项目人称代词物主代词指示代词反身代词 人称主格宾格形容词名词性 第一人称单数 Imemyminemyself 复数 w

27、eusouroursourselves 第二人称单数 youyouyouryoursyourself 复数 youyouyouryoursyourselves 第三人称单数 sheherherhersherself hehimhishishimself itititsitsthisthatitself 复数 theythemtheirtheirsthesethosethemselves 3、动词 A）第三人称单数 当动词是第三人称单数时，动词应当像名词的单数改动词那样加 s，以下：一）一般在词后加s。如：comes,spells,waits,talks,sees,dances,trains 二

28、）在 x,sh,ch,s,tch后加 es。如：watches,washes,wishes,finishes 三）1）以辅音字母加 y 结尾的变 y 为 i再加 es。如：study-studies,hurry-hurries,try-tries 2）以元音字母加 y 结尾的直接加s。如：plays,says,stays,enjoys,buys 四）以 o 结尾加 es。如：does,goes 五）特别的有：are-is,have-has B）此刻分词 当我们说某人正在做什么事时，动词要使用分词形式，不可以用原形，构成以下：一）一般在后加 ing。如：spell-spelling,sing-s

29、inging,see-seeing,train-training,play-playing,hurry-hurrying,watch-watching,go-going,do-doing 二）以不发音 e 的结尾的去掉 e 再加 ing。如：dance-dancing,wake-waking,take-taking,practice-practicing,write-writing,have-having 三）以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母一个辅音字母（注意除开字母组合如 show showing,draw-drawing）要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。如：put-putting,run-r

30、unning,get-getting,let-letting,begin-beginning 四）以 ie 结尾的变 ie 为 y 再加 ing。如：tie-tying 系 die-dying 死 lie-lying位于 4、形容词的级 我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对照时，则要使用比较或最高等形式。构成如 下：一）一般在词后加 er 或 est(假如是以 e 结尾则直接加 r 或 st)。如：greater-greatest,shortershortest,taller tallest,longer longest,nicer-nicest,larger-largest 二）以重读闭音节结尾

31、且 1 个元音字母1 个辅音字母(字母组合除外，如 few-fewerfewest)结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加er/est。如：big-biggerbiggest,red-redderreddest,hot-hotterhottest 三）以辅音字母y 结尾的变 y 为 i加 er/est。如：happy-happierhappiest,sorry-sorriersorriest,friendly-friendlierfriendliest(morefriendlymostfriendly),busy-busierbusiest,easy-easiereasiest 四）特别状况：(两很多坏，一

32、少老远)good/well-betterbestmany/much-moremostbad/illworseworstlittle-lessleastold-older/elderoldest/eldestfar-farther/furtherfarthest/furthest 5、数词(基变序，有规则；一、二、三，自己背；五、八、九、十二；其余后 接 th；y 结尾，变成 i,eth 跟上去。)first,second,third;fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth;seventh,tenth,thirteenth,hundredth;twenty-twentieth,fo

33、rty-fortieth,ninety-ninetieth 二、初一英语语法句式 1.陈说句 一定陈说句 a)Thisisabook.(be动词)b)Helooksveryyoung.(连系动词)c)Iwantasweatlikethis.(实义动词)d)Icanbringsomethingstoschool.(神态动词)e)There sacomputeronmydesk.(Therebe构造)否认陈说句 a)Thesearen ttheirbooks.b)Theydontlooknice.c)Katedoesn tgotoNo.4MiddleSchool.d)Katecantfindher

34、doll.e)Thereisn tacathere.(=Theresnocathere.)2.祈使句 一定祈使句 a)Pleasegoandasktheman.b)LetslearnEnglish!c)Comein,please.否认祈使句 a)Don tbelate.b)Donthurry.3.疑问句 1)一般疑问句a)IsJimastudent?b)CanIhelpyou?c)Doesshelikesalad?d)DotheywatchTV?e)Isshereading?一定回答:a)Yes,heis.b)Yes,youcan.c)Yes,shedoes.d)Yes,theydo.e)Ye

35、s,sheis.否认回答:a)No,heisn t.b)No,youcan t.c)No,shedoesnt.d)No,the e)No,sheisnt.2)选择疑问句 Isthetablebigorsmall?回答 Itsbig./Itssmall.3)特别疑问句 问年纪HowoldisLucy?Sheistwelve.问种类 Whatkindofmoviesdoyoulike?Ilikeactionmoviesand comedies.问身体状况Howisyouruncle?Heiswell/fine.问方式Howdo/canyouspellit?L-doubleO-K.Howdoweco

36、ntactyou?Mye-.问原由 Whydoyouwanttojointheclub?问时间 Whatsthetime?(=Whattimeisit?)Itsaquartertotena.m.Whattimedoyouusuallygetup,Rick?Atfiveoclock.Whendoyouwanttogo?Letsgoat7:00.问地方 Where smybackpack?Itthesundertable.问颜色 Whatcolorarethey?Theyarelightblue.Whatsyourfavouritecolor?Itsblack.问人物 Whosthat?Itsmy

37、sister.Whoistheboyinblue?Mybrother.Whoisn tatschool?PeterandEmma.WhoareLisaandTimtalkingto?问东西 Whatsthis/that(inEnglish)?Itsapencilcase.Whatelsecanyouseeinthepicture?Icanseesomebroccoli,strawberriesandhamburgers.11 问姓名 Whatsyouraunt sname?HernameisHelen./ShesHelen.Whatsyourfirstname?MyfirstnamesBen.

38、Whatsyourfamilyname?MyfamilynamesSmith.12 问哪一个Whichdoyoulike?Ilikeoneinthebox.13 问字母 Whatletterisit?ItsbigD/smallf.14 问价钱 Howmucharethesepants?Theyre15dollars.15 问电话号码 Whatsyourphonenumber?It-s8349576.16 问谓语(动作)Whatshedoing?HeswatchingTV.17 问职业(身份)Whatdoyoudo?What syourfather?He sadoctor.句子构造 1.S(主）

39、+Vi（不及物动词）（谓）Timeflies.1)S+V+adverbial(状语）Birdssingbeautifully.2)S+Vi+prepPhrase（介词短语）Hewentonholiday.3)S+Vi+Infinitive(不定式）Westoppedtohavearest.4)S+Vi+Participle(分词）Illgoswimming.2.S(主）+Vt（及物动词）（谓）+O（宾）1)S+VT+N/PronIlikemusic.Ilikeher.2)S+VT+infinitive(不定式）Iwanttohelphim.常用于这句型的动词有：attempt,dare,dec

40、ide,desire,expect,hope,intend,learn,need,offer,pretend,promise,propose,purpose,refuse,want,wish等。3)S+VT+Wh-Word+InfinitiveIdontknowwhattodo.常用于这句型的动词有：ask,consider,decide,discover,explain,findout,forget,guess,inquire,know,learn,observe,remember,see,settle,tell,think,understand,wonder等。4)S+VT+GerundI

41、enjoylivinghere.常用于这句型的动词有：admit,advise,avoid,consider,defend,enjoy,excuse,finish,forbid,mind,miss,practise,risk,suggest,giveup,canthelp等。5)S+VT+That-clause Idontthink(that)heisright.常用于这句型的动词有：Admit,believe,command,confess,declare,demand,deny,doubt,expect,explain,feel(感觉）,hear（听闻）,hope,imagine,inte

42、nd,know,mean,mind（小心）,notice,propose,request,report,say,see（看出），show,suggest,suppose,think,understand,wish,wonder(感觉奇异）。3.S(主）+V（谓）（lv)(系动词）+P（表）WeareChinese.除了 be 系动词外，还有一些动词也能够用作系动词，1)表感官的动词，feel,smell,taste,sound,look,appear,seem等。2)表转变变化的动词，become,get,grow,turn,go,等。3)表持续的动词 remain,keep,seem,hol

43、d,stay,rest等。4)表瞬 时的动词 come,fall,set,cut,occur等 5)其余动词eat,lie,prove,ring,run,shine,sit,stand,continue,hang等。1)S+Lv+N/Pron(名词/代词）Heisaboy.Thisismine.2)S+Lv+Adj（形容词）Sheisbeautiful.3)S+Lv+Adv(副词）Classisover.4)S+Lv+PrepPhraseHeisingoodhealth.5)S+Lv+Participle(分词）Heisexcited.Thefilmisinteresting.4.S(主）+V

44、T（谓）+InO（间接宾）+DO（直接宾）Igiveyouhelp.1)S+VT+N/Pron+NIsenthimabook.IboughtMayabook.2)S+VT+N/Pron+To/for-phraseHesentabooktome.Heboughtacoatforme.间接宾语前需要加 to 的常用动词有：allow,bring,deny,do(带来），give,grant,hand,leave,lend,offer,owe,pass,pay,permit,promise,read,refuse,render,restore,sell,send,show,teach,tellwis

45、h,write等。间接宾语前需要加 for 的常用动词有：bring,buy,cash,choose,fetch,get,leave,make,order,paint,play(演奏），save,sing,spare等。5.S(主）+VT（谓）+O（宾）+OC（宾补）Imakeyouclear.1)S+VT+N/Pron+N WenamedourbabyTom.常用于这句型的动词有：appoint,call,choose,elect,entitle,find,make,name,nominate(命名）。2)S+VT+N/Pron+AdjHepaintedthewallwhite.常用于这句型

46、的动词有：beat,boil,cut,drive,find,get,hold,keep,leave,like,make,paint,see,set,turn,want,wash,wipe,wish等。3)S+VT+N/Pron+PrepPhrase Shealwayskeepseverythingingoodorder.4)S+VT+N/Pron+InfinitiveIwishyoutostay.Imadehimwork 常用于这句型的动词有：a)不定式带 to 的词：advice,allow,ask,beg,cause,choose,command,decide,encourage,expe

47、ct,force,get,hate,invite,know,leave,like,love,order,permit,persuade,prefer,remain,request,teach,tell,want,warn,wish 等。b)不定式不带 to 的词：feel,have,hear,know,let,listento,lookat,make,notice,see,watch 等。5)S+VT+N/Pron+Participle(分词）Iheardmynamecalled.Ifeelsomethingmoving.常用于这句型的动词有：catch,feel,find,get,have,

48、hear,imagine,keep,leave,listento,lookat,notice,observe,perceive,see,set,smell,start,watch等。6)S+VT+N/Pron+Wh-word+InfinitiveHeshowmehowtodoit.常用于这句型的动词有：advise,ask,inform,show,teach,tell等。7)S+VT+N/Pron+That-clauseHetoldmethatthefilmwasgreat.常用于这句型的动词有：assure,inform,promise,remind,teach,tell,warm等。8)S

49、+VT+N/Pron+Wh-ClauseHeaskedmewhatheshoulddo.常用于这句型的动词有：Advise,ask,inform,show,teach,tell.三、初一英语语法时态 1、一般此刻时表示广泛、常常性的或长久性的动作时使用一般此刻时，它有：Be 动词：She saworker.Issheaworker?Sheisntaworker.神态动词：Icanplaythepiano.Canyouplaythepiano?Icantplaythepiano.行为动词：Theywanttoeatsometomatoes.Dotheywanttoeatanytomatoes?T

50、heydon twanttoeatanytomatoes.Ginahasanicewatch.DoesGinahaveanicewatch?Ginadoesnwatch.thavea 2、此刻进行时表示动词在此时正在发生或进行就使用进行时态，构造为sbbe v-ingsth+其余.Implayingbaseball.Areyouplayingbaseball?I mnotplayingbaseball.Nancyiswritingaletter.IsNancywritingaletter?Nancyisn twritingaletter.Theyrelisteningtothepopmusic