M3U3-英语主谓一致修改版.ppt

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1、M3U3-英语主谓一致修改版Useful structures语法详解：语法详解：所谓主谓一致是指所谓主谓一致是指主语主语和和谓语动词谓语动词之之间间,即主语的人称和单复数形式决定着谓即主语的人称和单复数形式决定着谓语动词对应的形式。语动词对应的形式。Bob Bob _ a worker.isMike Mike and Bob _ workers.areBoth Mike and Bob _workers.areNeither Mike nor Bob _a teacher.isBill Neither of them _(know)how to teach English.knows/kno

2、wAll of them _ workers.None of them _(know)how to teach English.are knows/know主谓一致遵循三条原则：主谓一致遵循三条原则：1.1.语法一致原则语法一致原则2.2.意义一致原则意义一致原则3.3.就近原则就近原则主谓一致主要有以下几种情况：主谓一致主要有以下几种情况：1.and连接两个或两个以上单数名词或者代词连接两个或两个以上单数名词或者代词作主语的时候作主语的时候,谓语动词有以下谓语动词有以下两种两种情况：情况：(1)He and she _both students of this school.他和她都是这个学

3、校的学生。他和她都是这个学校的学生。如果指两个或两个以上如果指两个或两个以上不同的不同的人或事物的时人或事物的时候候,谓语动词用复数。谓语动词用复数。一、语法一致原则一、语法一致原则are(2)但如果连接两个以上的名词指的是但如果连接两个以上的名词指的是同同一个人或物一个人或物,或者指或者指同一概念同一概念的时候的时候,谓语要用谓语要用单数单数。The singer and dancer_ going to give us a performance.那个歌唱家兼舞蹈演员要给我们表演。那个歌唱家兼舞蹈演员要给我们表演。The knife and fork _on the table.刀叉在桌子

4、上。刀叉在桌子上。isis2.如果如果主语是不定式主语是不定式,动词动词ing形式形式或或主语从句主语从句的时候的时候,谓语动词一般用单数。谓语动词一般用单数。When he is coming seems very important.他什么时候要来看起来很重要。他什么时候要来看起来很重要。Collecting stamps is his hobby.收集邮票是他的爱好。收集邮票是他的爱好。To love her is not to break her wings.爱她就不该折断她自由飞翔的翅膀。爱她就不该折断她自由飞翔的翅膀。但是：但是：如果两个或多个动名词短语并列作主语如果两个或多个动名

5、词短语并列作主语的时候，看叙述的是一件事还是两件以上，的时候，看叙述的是一件事还是两件以上，如果是如果是一件事一件事，谓语动词是，谓语动词是单数单数，如果是，如果是两两件事件事，谓语动词是，谓语动词是复数形式复数形式。Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.早起早睡是个好习惯Watching TV and reading books are really interesting.3.定语从句的关系代词定语从句的关系代词who,which,that在从句中作主语时，要与先行词的人在从句中作主语时，要与先行词的人称和数保持一致

6、。称和数保持一致。Those who enjoy singing may join us.John,who is your friend,should help you.e.g.Tom is one of the students who_ good at playing football.Tom is the only one of the students who_ good at playing football.areis 注意注意 在在“one of+复数名词复数名词+关系代词关系代词”的结构中，定语从句中谓语动词用复数的结构中，定语从句中谓语动词用复数 但是若前有但是若前有the

7、only,将其限定为只有一个时将其限定为只有一个时,谓谓语动词用语动词用单数形式单数形式.4.with,along with,together with,as well as,besides,like,without,except,but,including 如果句子中有这些连接词和如果句子中有这些连接词和主语连用主语连用,其其谓语动词谓语动词的单、复数不受修饰的单、复数不受修饰成分的影响，成分的影响，仍保持同主语一致的关系仍保持同主语一致的关系，由，由主语的单、复数而定。主语的单、复数而定。The teacher,together with his students,is planting

8、trees in the street.老师和他的学生们正在街道上植树。老师和他的学生们正在街道上植树。5.不定代词不定代词all,more,some,any作主作主语语,谓语动词视情况而定。谓语动词视情况而定。All of the apples _rotten.所有的苹果都烂了。所有的苹果都烂了。All of the apple _rotten.整个苹果都烂了。整个苹果都烂了。All has been ready.are is6.none,neitherneither（1）neither作主语时作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数谓语动词一般用单数.（2）neither+单数名词单数名词,谓语动词谓

9、语动词用单数用单数.（3）neither of+可数名词复数可数名词复数/代词，正式语代词，正式语体中体中用单数用单数，非正式也可用用复数，非正式也可用用复数Neither dog is big.Neither of the two boys is right.这两个男孩这两个男孩没一个对。没一个对。nonenone 作主语时，作主语时，有时用作单数看待有时用作单数看待,有时作有时作复数看待，谓语动词视情况而定。复数看待，谓语动词视情况而定。代表不代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数可数的东西时总是看作单数,因而谓语动因而谓语动词要用单数词要用单数none of+可数名词复数可数名词复数/代词代词，

10、谓语动词可谓语动词可以用以用单数也可用复数单数也可用复数.none of+不可数名词，不可数名词，谓语动词用谓语动词用单数单数.None of us is/are perfect.人无完人人无完人None of the students is/are there.None of the money is left.3.Neither of us _(was/were)ready when the party began.4.None of them _(has/have)watched the talk show.have/haswas/were 1.None of these people

11、_ doctors.A.has B.is C.are D.was 2.Neither of them _ a good singer.A.are B.is C.were D.is used to beCB7.复合不定代词作主语复合不定代词作主语,谓语动词要用谓语动词要用单单数数，如，如someone,somebody,something,anybody,anyone,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,no one,nothing。Someone is asking for you.有人找你。有人找你。Nothing is found i

12、n the room.在屋子里什么也没找到。在屋子里什么也没找到。8.every.and every.;each.and each.;no.and no.在以上短在以上短 语语中中and连接的单数名词连接的单数名词,整个短语整个短语 在句中作主语时在句中作主语时,谓语动词常使用单数。谓语动词常使用单数。Each man and each woman is asked to attend.Every boy and every girl in the class is diligent.班级中的每个男孩女孩都很用功。班级中的每个男孩女孩都很用功。No sound and no voice is

13、heard.听不到任何声音。听不到任何声音。1.either.or;neither.nor;not only.but also,在句子中连接主语的时候或在句子中连接主语的时候或者在者在there be句型中句型中,谓语动词要和就谓语动词要和就近的主语保持一致。近的主语保持一致。二、就近原二、就近原则则Neither you nor I am wrong.There is a cup of tea and some apples on the table.Not only the students but also the teacher wishes for a holiday.三、内容三、内

14、容/意意义义一致一致 所谓概念一致原则是指谓语动词和主所谓概念一致原则是指谓语动词和主语一致不是取决于主语的语法形式语一致不是取决于主语的语法形式,而而是其是其实际意义实际意义。有的主语名词在形式上有的主语名词在形式上是单数是单数,但在意义上却是复数；有的主但在意义上却是复数；有的主语名词在形式上是复数语名词在形式上是复数,但在意义上却但在意义上却是单数是单数。1.表示时间、金钱、距离、表示时间、金钱、距离、价格、价格、重量等复重量等复数名词作主语时，通常被看作整体，谓语动数名词作主语时，通常被看作整体，谓语动词用单数。词用单数。isA million dollars _(is/are)rea

15、lly a lot of money.Sixty years a long time.Three thousand miles a long distance.Fifty kilogrammes not too heavy to be carried.isisis2.集合名词作主语集合名词作主语,动词可用单数动词可用单数,也可也可以用复数。主要由句子的意思决定。以用复数。主要由句子的意思决定。强调强调整体整体谓语动词用单数；谓语动词用单数；指指全体人员全体人员时时,动词则用复数。动词则用复数。这一类常见的集合名词有这一类常见的集合名词有group,team,family,class,crowd

16、,population,publicHis family _going out.他们全家要外出。他们全家要外出。His family _all music lovers.他们全家人都是音乐爱好者。他们全家人都是音乐爱好者。is are 2.the rest of;half of;part of;majority of;percent of;one third of在句子中加名词作主语的时候在句子中加名词作主语的时候,谓语谓语动词与动词与of后面的名词后面的名词保持保持一致。一致。Half of the students _finished theircomposition.一半的学生已经完成了

17、他们的作文。一半的学生已经完成了他们的作文。Half of the apple _bad.一半的苹果坏了。一半的苹果坏了。About 60 percent of the students in ourschool _boys.我们学校我们学校,大约百分之六十的学生是男生大约百分之六十的学生是男生.haveisare3.如果主语由如果主语由“the+形容词形容词(或过去分词或过去分词)”结构担结构担任时任时,表示具有表示具有某种特性的一类人某种特性的一类人，谓语通常用谓语通常用复数复数;这类词有这类词有:the brave,the poor,the rich,the blind,the youn

18、g,the old,the sick,the dead,the deaf and dub,the oppressed,the injured,the wounded,the unemployed 等等;但也有少数的但也有少数的过去分词与定冠词连用时指个别过去分词与定冠词连用时指个别,则则用单数。例如：用单数。例如：The blind study in special school.The departed(死者死者)was a well-known engineer.这类形容词或分词如果要表示个体时这类形容词或分词如果要表示个体时,就就要与名词要与名词man,person 或表示人的单数连或表

19、示人的单数连用。例如用。例如:an old man,a rich person,the(a)wounded soldier.4.某些名词如某些名词如people,police,cattle等等,形形式上是单数式上是单数,但意义上是复数但意义上是复数,谓语动谓语动词应用复数词应用复数。people指指“民族民族”时是例时是例外。外。The police are searching for a thief.The cattle are eating grass on the hill.5.某些名词如某些名词如clothes,trousers,shoes,glasses，scissors siz（剪

20、刀）等（剪刀）等,通常只用其复通常只用其复数形式数形式,但当它们被但当它们被a pair of 修饰时修饰时,谓语谓语动词用单数。动词用单数。(与与pair保持一致保持一致)如如:The pair of shoes is worn out.这双鞋破了。这双鞋破了。The shoes are worn out.鞋子破了。鞋子破了。6.某些名词以某些名词以s结尾如学科结尾如学科 mathematics,physics,politics,economics,形复意单形复意单news,plastics 等，谓语动词等，谓语动词应用单数。应用单数。Physics is a very interestin

21、g subject.物理是一门很有趣的学科。物理是一门很有趣的学科。7.国名：the United States 报纸名：the New York Times 书名：Arabian Nights 天方夜谭以及the United Nations（联合国）作主语，谓语动词用单数。8.a number of+可数名词复数，作主语可数名词复数，作主语时时,谓语动词用谓语动词用复数复数;the number of+可数名词复数可数名词复数,作主语时作主语时,谓语动词用谓语动词用单数单数。A number of new books are on the desk.The number of studen

22、ts in you class is 50.9.Many a+单数名词（单数名词（=many+复数名词），复数名词），表示表示“许多许多”，谓动词用单数谓动词用单数 Many a boy has seen it.许多孩子都看到了。许多孩子都看到了。10.a great deal of+不可数名词不可数名词 a large amount of+不可数名词不可数名词,其短语作主语时其短语作主语时,谓语动词通常用谓语动词通常用单数单数;large amounts of+不可数名词不可数名词,其短语作主其短语作主语时语时,谓语动词通常用谓语动词通常用复数复数。例如。例如:A large amount

23、of(A great deal of)damage was done in a very short time.Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.11.由“a series of,a kind of,a portion of+名词”作主语，谓语动词应用单数形式。例如：A series of debates is scheduled to be held next week.1.As a result of destroying the forests,a large _ of desert _ covered the land.A.

24、number;has B.quantity;has C.number;have D.quantity;haveB精析精析：a large number of 后面要接复数后面要接复数名词，所以名词，所以A不能作为答案。因不能作为答案。因为为desert是单数，所以要填是单数，所以要填 has。这句话的意思是这句话的意思是“毁坏森林的结毁坏森林的结果是，大片沙漠覆盖了陆地果是，大片沙漠覆盖了陆地”答案答案 B2._ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass.A.Two fifth,is B.Two fifth,are

25、C.Two fifths,is D.Two fifths,areC精析精析:分数的分子用基数词分数的分子用基数词,分母用序数分母用序数词表示词表示.如果分子大于如果分子大于1,分母序数分母序数词后加词后加-s.分数和百分比作主语时分数和百分比作主语时,谓语动词的形式取决于分数和百分谓语动词的形式取决于分数和百分数后面的名词数后面的名词.句子中的主语句子中的主语 land是单数是单数,所以谓语动词要用所以谓语动词要用is covered.答案答案C.3-Each of the students,working hard at his or her lessons,_ to go to unive

26、rsity.-So do I.A.hopes B.hope C.hoping D.do hopeA精析：精析：这句话的主语是这句话的主语是 Each of the students，是单数，所以要，是单数，所以要 hopes 选作谓语。现在分词短语选作谓语。现在分词短语working hard at his or her lessons 作状语，作状语，表示伴随的情况。有的考生盲目地表示伴随的情况。有的考生盲目地把把 lessons 当成了主语，填写了当成了主语，填写了hope，发生了错误。本题的译文：，发生了错误。本题的译文：每一个努力学习的学生都想上大学。每一个努力学习的学生都想上大学。我

27、也是。答案我也是。答案 A。4._ people in the world are sending information by e-mail every day.（上海（上海2001）A.Several million B.Many millions C.Several millions D.Many millionA精析精析:在在million前如果有具体的数字或前如果有具体的数字或 several等词时，要用单数形式。等词时，要用单数形式。many一般不与一般不与 million等词连用等词连用.表示表示“数百万数百万”，英语为，英语为 millions of。这句话的意思是。这句话的意

28、思是“每天，世界每天，世界上有几十万人通过上有几十万人通过 e-mail传递信传递信息。息。”答案答案 A。5.The number of people invited _ fifty,but a number of them _ absent for different reasons.(NMET96)A.were;was B.was;was C.was;were D.were;wereC6.The number of students in this school _ by 5%every year.A.rise B.raise C.rises D.raises the number of

29、+复数可数名词复数可数名词作主语，作主语，表示表示的数目的数目(数量数量)，谓语动词用，谓语动词用单数；单数；a number of+复数可数名词复数可数名词作作主语，表示主语，表示许多许多，谓语动词用，谓语动词用复数。复数。C7.A good deal of money _ spent on books.A.have B.has C.have been D.has beenD9.A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift.A.is offered B.has offered C.are offered D.have

30、 offeredA10.E-mail,as well as telephone,_ an important part in daily communication.(上海上海99)A.is playing B.have played C.are playing D.playA11.Nobody but Jane _ the secret.A.know B.knows C.have known D.is known12.All but one _ here just now.A.is B.was C.has been D.wereDB13.Either you or the headmaste

31、r _ the prize to these gifted students at the meeting.A.is handing out B.are to hand out C.are handing out D.is to hand outD14.Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another.A.is B.are C.am D.beB15.She is one of the few girls who _ in the kindergarten.A.is well pai

32、d B.are well paid C.is paying well D.are paying wellB16.He is the only one of the students who _ a winner of scholarship for three years.A.is B.are C.have been D.has beenD18.When and where to build the new factory _ yet.A.is not decided B.are not decided C.has not decided D.have not decidedA动名词、不定式或

33、从句作主语时，动名词、不定式或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。谓语动词用单数形式。倒装句及倒装句及there be句型中，谓语动词句型中，谓语动词往往与最邻近的一个主语保持一致。往往与最邻近的一个主语保持一致。19.There _ no life on the moon.A.is said to have B.are said to have C.is said to be D.are said to beC21.A group of _ are eating _ and _ at the foot of the hill.A.sheep;grass;leaves B.sheeps;gras

34、ses;leaves C.sheep;grass;leaf D.sheeps;grass;leafsA22.Every possible means _ to prevent air pollution,but the sky is still not clear.A.is used B.are used C.has been used D.have been usedC单复数同形的名词作主语时，依照意义单复数同形的名词作主语时，依照意义一致的原则，表示单数意义时，谓语用一致的原则，表示单数意义时，谓语用单数；反之，谓语用复数形式。这类名单数；反之，谓语用复数形式。这类名词有：词有：sheep

35、,deer,means(方法、手段方法、手段),works(工厂工厂),species(种类种类)10.有些名词的单数和复数形式一样有些名词的单数和复数形式一样,作主作主语的时候语的时候,其谓语动词由上下文决定其谓语动词由上下文决定,这一类名词有这一类名词有:means,works,deer,fish,sheep,Chinese,Japanese等。等。Not every means is useful.不是每种方法都好使。不是每种方法都好使。Not all means are useful.不是所有的方法都好使。不是所有的方法都好使。注意注意:a(large)quantity of 修饰可数或不可修饰可数或不可数名词数名词,其短语作主语时其短语作主语时,谓语动词用谓语动词用单单数。数。A large quantity of people is needed here.quantities of 修饰可数或不可数名词修饰可数或不可数名词,其短其短语作主语时语作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数。例如谓语动词一般用复数。例如:Quantities of food(nuts)were on the table.短语短语in quantity,in large quantities 意为意为“大量大量”;in small quantities 意为意为“少量少量”。谢谢观赏谢谢观赏