大学英语阅读理解及解答.pdf

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1、Passage 1Im pretty confident that there will never be a day when all the world is inagreement about the best human diet.Im an omnivore myself,but I have friends whoswear by their paleo,vegetarian,and vegan diets.All of us can make compellingarguments about why we eat the way we do,and all of us can

2、make valid criticisms ofdiets that are unlike our own.For me,deciding how and what to eat required a close examination of the valuesand principles that truly matter to me.The type of food we consume has immediatehealth and economic consequences,but it also has a significant impact on ourenvironment.

3、As a study shows,the manner and scale at which our society currently raisesanimal for human consumption contributes to climate change in major way.It alsowastes water,pollutes our soil,and contaminates fresh water supplies.So if yourereally trying to live a low-impact life,eating less meat and ensur

4、ing that the meat youdo eat is raised by responsible farmers and ranchers could help you shrink yourcarbon footprint a lot faster than buying a hybrid or skipping showers.1.The author believes that()A.people will be more and more rational in choosing the food they eat.B.the arguments about what shou

5、ld be eaten will never come to an end.C.people will someday reach a consensus on what the best food is.D.people will be more and more fastidious in choosing the food they eat.2.When deciding how and what to eat,the author()A.has some important principles to follow.B.will consult with his friends.C.w

6、ill follow the instructions of his friends.D.considers only his own interests.3.The type of food we eat()A.has an indirect but great effect on our environment.B.has nothing to do with our environment.C.has nothing to do with our health.D.is decided only by our economic status.4.What is implied in Pa

7、ragraph 3()A.We should stop raising animals for human consumption.B.We should stop eating animals.C.The way animals are raised for human consumption should be improved.D.Environmental pollution and climate change are caused by raising animals forhuman consumption.Passage 2Americans are too busy for

8、lunch breaks,reports AOL.Rather than leaving theoffice for some much needed relaxation,most workers are opting to dine at theirdesks.According to a survey,62%of American office workers usually eat their lunchin the same spot they work all day.In a weakened economy,many employees feel a heightened ne

9、ed to prove theirworth or look like a superstar worker who goes above and beyond to get the job done.Plus,when coworkers are working through their lunch breaks,no one wants to be theperson who looks like a slacker.For others,it is not just a matter of saving time,but saving money.Eating outroutinely

10、 getsexpensive,so bringinga lunchto eatatthedesk isalsothethriftychoice for the American worker.On a national level,theUnitedStates does notmandate thatbusinesses allowtheir employees a lunch break.However,22 states do have explicit laws on the booksstating thatworkersmust takea halfhour tohour lunc

11、hbreak.Nonetheless,evenworkers in these states often find themselves ignoring the law to chow down next totheir computers.Inaddition tolunch,27%will eatbreakfast attheir desk(atleast theyare notskippingitaltogether),and 50%willsnack attheir desk throughouttheworkday.Unfortunately,using the desk as a

12、 dining table could be a health hazard.With abouttwo in threeworkersadmitting theycleantheir desk lessthanonce a month,theunsanitary surface leaves workers susceptible to foodborne illnesses.1.According to the report by AOL,most American office workers usually()A.take lunch at their desks.B.take a n

13、ap after lunch.C.go out to eat at lunch time.D.enjoy free lunch.2.()makes the American employees feel a heightened need to prove their worth.A.The employers encouragementB.An upturn in economyC.The cozy working environment.D.A downturn in economy.3.According to Paragraph 4,()?A.most states of Americ

14、a have passed the laws stating that workers must take somelunch break.B.the workers in the 22 states work fewer hours than those in the other states.C.the workers in the 22 states do not necessarily take a better lunch break than thosein the other states.D.the workers in the 22 states take a longer

15、lunch break than those in the other states.4.What is a disadvantage of taking lunch at the desk?A.It may save time for the employees.B.It may do harm to the employees health.C.It may save money for the employees.D.It may help the employees reduce their weight.Passage 3In many urban centers throughou

16、t the world,vibrant waste recycling programsarent justeco-minded niceties,but they serve an essential role in keepingcommunitiescleanand clutter-free.But thankstoone forward-thinking initiativeinthe Brazilian city of Jundia,trading in trash has never been tastier.Ten yearsago,thecitysMunicipalUtilit

17、iesD epartmentlaunched“DeliciousRecycling”,a program aimed at encouragingresidents to get intothe habitofcollecting recyclable waste in exchange for fresh vegetables,grown locally in apublic-run garden and boy did it take off.Today,the garden boasts more than 30thousand plants to meet the demand of

18、thousands of veggie-loving recyclers,turningaluminum cans and plastic bottles into edible greens.Ultimately,the program has done wonders for the health of the environment aswell,by ridding the city of improperly disposed waste.“What once cluttered and even choked the flow of water from storm drains

19、istoday used as currency for healthy food,”local mayor Miguel Haddad tells JundiaOnline.“Everybody wins with this.”As innovative as Jundias“Delicious Recycling”may seem,its actually not thefirst of its kind,but given the programs success,its no wonder why though a numberof other Brazilian municipali

20、ties offer similar incentives to reward recyclers with food,the idea seems to be catching internationally like in Mexico City,where residentsrecently exchanged trash for nearly three tons of vegetables!1.Waste recycling programs()A.are paid little attention to in many urban centers.B.help make commu

21、nities clean and tidy.C.have nothing to do with the sanitation of communities.D.are inactive in many urban centers.2.The purpose of“Delicious Recycling”is()A.to teach residents how to make delicious food.B.to reward residents who do well in classifying rubbish.C.to encourage residents to trade recyc

22、lable waste for meat or vegetables.D.to encourage residents to trade recyclable waste for vegetables.3.According to local mayor Miguel Haddad,()A.water in storm drains is flowing more freely than before because the trash in it hasbeen removed.B.water in storm drains can be exchanged for healthy food

23、.C.water in storm drains is essential to the growing of fresh vegetables.D.there is more trash in storm drains now than there used to be.4.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A.“Delicious Recycling”has failed to achieve the desired result.B.There are no waste recycling programs in other Bra

24、zilian municipalities.C.Mexico City is probably imitating Jundias“Delicious Recycling”.D.Waste recycling programs in other Brazilian municipalities are more successfulthan Jundias“Delicious Recycling”.Passage 4A class action lawsuit has been filed against General Mills for misrepresentingthe product

25、 it calls Yoplait Greek.It isnt Greek,and it isnt yogurt.The sales ofYoplait Greek already lag far behind other brands such as Chobani and Fage in anexploding Greek yogurt market,and this latest lawsuit wont help any.“Yoplait Greek does not comply with the standard of identity of yogurt,”thelawsuit

26、states.“Indeed,Yoplait Greek contains Milk Protein Concentrate(“MPC”)which is not among the permissible ingredients of yogurt,non-fat yogurt,and low-fatyogurt(collectively“yogurt”)as set forth under the Food,Drug,and Cosmetic Act.”AuthenticGreek yogurtisthicker inconsistency and richer inprotein bec

27、auseitsstrained of liquid whey.But MPCoffers an alternativetothisprocess.Itis,asdescribed on FoodNavigator-USA,“a very high protein dry milk product,which hasbeen toutedforuse in Greek-style productsto increase theirproteincontentandprovide a thick,creamy texture without the need for expensive strai

28、ning.”In itscorporate eagerness toclaima larger shareof theGreek yogurtmarket,General Mills adds MPC to Yoplait Greek because,as reported in the Minneapolis/St.PaulBusiness Journal,it is“cheaper tostore and transport than wetmilk and costslessthandry milk due tominimal tariffs on MPCimportsand lower

29、foreign milkprices.”New Zealand is the biggest supplier of MPC to the United States.In short,asstated in the lawsuit,“The use of MPC is financially advantageous to defendants.”Itallows General Mills to manufacture more product at lower cost,and thats the onlyreason its in the yogurt.Never mind thatt

30、heuse of thesubstancein yogurtflouts FDArulesforthestand ard of identity of the food.So far the extent of General Millss defense is that theFDAnever explicitly prohibited MPCin yogurt.Thats a lessonin logic.Anysubstance that is not explicitly prohibited is officially permitted.Never mind,as well,the

31、 questionable safetyof thesubstance,which isnotincluded on the FDA list of substances generally recognized as safe(GRAS)or on theFDA list of food additives.In other words,it hasnt actually been approved for use infood.1.The lawsuit against General Mills()A.is a leading factor that has caused the sal

32、es of Yoplait Greek to lag behind otherbrands.B.will make the sales of Yoplait Greek lag behind other brandsC.will help increase the sales of Yoplait Greek.D.has no direct relationship with the fact that the sales of Yoplait Greek have alreadylagged far behind other brands.2.Authentic Greek yogurt()

33、A.is strained of liquid whey.B.thicker in consistency than Yoplait Greek.C.richer in protein than Yoplait Greek.D.contains MPC.3.According to the lawsuit,it is()that General Mills adds MPC to Yoplait Greek.A.for the improvement of its qualityB.for the convenience of transportationC.for the reduction

34、 of costsD.for the extension of its shelf life4.Which of the following statements is true?A.The FDA has approved the use of MPC in yogurt.B.MPC is on the FDA list of substances generally recognized as safeC.The FDA has neither prohibited nor approved the use of MPC in yogurt.D.MPC is on the FDA list

35、 of food additives.Passage 5Apples have become the latest controversial entry into the genetically modifiedfood debate,following a July 12 New York Times piece written by Andrew Pollack.Okanagan Specialty Fruits,a small British Columbia company,wants to startmarketing a non-browning apple,and it has

36、 applied for approval in Canada and in theUnited States.The Arctic apple,available so far in the Golden Delicious and Granny Smithvarieties,contains an extra copy of a gene which interferes with the enzymatic activitythat causes browning.The enzyme is polyphenol oxidase.According to Neal Carter,foun

37、der and president of Okanagan Specialty Fruits,the non-browning Arctic apple is just what consumers are looking for.A whole apple,he tells the Times,is“for many people too big a commitment,”and apple slices thathave browned just arent appetizing.(What a burden we bear to have to eat awhole apple,let

38、 alone an unsightly one.)Carter suggests that it is merely a cosmetic change intended to encourage peopleto eat more apples.But its more than that,of course.It is intended“to turn the apple into an industrialized product,”said LucySharratt,coordinator of the Canadian Biotechnology Action Network,as

39、reported inthe Times.In Common Ground,a Canadian monthly magazine dedicated to health,wellness and ecology,Yukon farmer Tom Rudge says,“We should eat real foodinstead of genetically engineering an apple so companies can slice it,wrap it in plasticand truck it across the country.”Organic apple farmer

40、 Harry Burton of Salt SpringIsland sees it as“an indication of our distancing from nature.”As Pollack reports,the U.S.Apple Association opposes the introduction of theArctic apple,but not out of any objection to genetic engineering.In fact,they declareon their website that“in order to continue disco

41、vering new and valuable benefits fromapples,U.S.Apple supports advancements from technology and genetics andgenomics research.”The problem for U.S.Apple,Pollack writes,is that thenon-browning Arctic apple“could undermine the fruits image as a healthy andnatural food,the one that keeps the doctor awa

42、y and is as American as,well,applepie.”1.As to the Arctic apple,which of the following statements is wrong?A.It will not turn brown.B.There is no enzymatic activity in its body.C.It is a kind of genetically modified food.D.The enzymatic activity that causes browning has been reduced.2.According to N

43、eal Carter,()A.The non-browning Arctic apple is very popular among consumers.B.A new type of smaller apple will be developed to meet the demand of someconsumers.C.The color of apples has nothing to do with ones appetite.D.The non-browning Arctic apple is more nutritious than other varieties.3.From w

44、hat the organic farmers said,we know that it is undesirable to()A.eat real food instead of genetically modified food.B.attach more importance to industry than to agriculture.C.cultivate farm products in an industrialized way.D.be close to nature.4.Why is the U.S.Apple Association against the introdu

45、ction of the Arctic apple?A.Because it is against genetic engineering.B.Because it cannot benefit from this kind of apple.C.Because this kind of apple will undermine the fruits image as a healthy and naturalfood.D.The reason is not mentioned in the passage.Passage 11.B.根据第一段可知，人们永远无法对什么是最佳食物这一问题达成共识

46、，人们永远有理由说明自己选择的食物是最好的，别人不同于自己的食物是不好的，所以选B.2.A根据第二段第一句（For me,deciding）可知，作者在决定怎样吃和吃什么的时候是有原则性的，所以选 A。3.A根据第二段第二句（The type of food）以及第三段可知，我们吃的食物种类虽然不会像对我们的健康和经济那样对环境有直接影响，但是对环境也是有影响的，而且这种影响也是不能忽视的，所以选 A。4.C根据第三段第一句（As a study shows）可知，如果我们改变了养殖动物的方式和规模，我们的环境也会相应改善，所以选 C。Passage 21.A根据第一段第二句（Rather t

47、han leaving the office）可知，大部分美国办公室员工通常在办公桌前吃午饭，所以选 A。2.D根据第二段第一句（In a weakened economy）可知，经济的不景气使美国员工感觉更有必要证明自己的价值，所以选 D。3.C根据第四段最后一句话（Nonetheless,even workers）可知，即使在这22 个州，许多工人们还是忽略了这条法律，他们未必比其它州的工人中午休息得好，所以选 C。4.B本题问的是在办公桌前吃午饭的弊端，根据最后一段第二句话（Unfortunately,using the desk）可知，在办公桌前吃午饭对员工的健康有一定危害，所以选 B

48、。Passage 31.B根据第一段第一句话可知，垃圾回收方案在保持社区干净整洁的方面起到关键作用，所以选 B。2.D根据第二段第一句话（Ten years ago,）可知，“美味的回收计划”旨在鼓励居民收集可回收垃圾以交换新鲜蔬菜，所以选 D。3.A根据第四段（What once cluttered）可知，曾经堵塞下水道水流的垃圾现在被当成交换健康食品的货币，所以选 A。4.C根据最后一段可知，“美味的回收计划”很成功，在国际上很有魅力（catchinginternationally），因此墨西哥城很有可能效法了该方案，所以选 C。Passage 41.D根据第一段第三句话（The sale

49、s of Yoplait Greek already）可知，Yoplait Greek的销售量在这起诉讼之前就已经远远落后其它品牌，和这场诉讼并没有直接联系，所以选 D。2.A根据第三段第一句话（Authentic Greek yogurt is）可知，真正的 Greek yogurt与普通产品相比质地更稠、蛋白质含量更高（并没有与 Yoplait Greek相比），因为它是由液体乳清浓缩而成的。所以选 A。3.C根据第四段最后一句话（It allows General Mills）以及上文可知，通用磨坊（General Mills）将牛奶蛋白浓缩物加入 Yoplait Greek的原因是为了

50、降低成本，所以选 C。4.C根 据 最 后 两 段 的 相 关 句 子（FDA never explicitly prohibited MPC inyogurt,is not included on）可知，美食品及药品管理局既没有禁止也没有批准在酸奶酪中使用牛奶蛋白浓缩物，所以选 C。Passage 51.B本题问的是错误的选项。根据第二段可知，北极苹果（Arctic apple）含有一种额外的基因，能够干扰导致苹果变成褐色的酶的活性，但并非在这种苹果体内没有酶的活动，所以选 B。2.A根据第三段第一句话（is just what consumers are looking for）可知，这种