2021-2022学年高中英语崭新天地初高中知识衔接第四讲句子类型学案新人教版必修1.docx

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1、第四讲句子类型【.句子按构造分可分为简单句、并列句和复合句1.简单句只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语动词（或并列谓语动词）。常见的五种根本简 单句句型：S+V（主语+谓语）S+V+P（主语+系语+表语）S+Y+O（主语+谓语+宾语）S+V+IO+DO（主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语）S+V+O+C（主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语）They talked for half an hour.（主语 + 谓语）他们谈了半个小时。 Everything looks different.（主语 + 系语 + 表语）一切看来都不同了。 He has refused to help them.（主语 +

2、谓语 + 宾语）他拒绝帮他们。 I showed him my pictures.（主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语）我给他看我的照片。 They pciinted the door green.（主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语）他们把门漆成绿色。2.并列句由并列连词（and, but, or等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构 成。并列句的分类：（1）表示连接两个同等概念,常用 and, not only. but also., neither. nor., then 等连接。The teacher* s name is Smith, and the student* s name

3、 is John.教师的名字叫史密斯，学生的名字叫约翰。（2）表示选择,常用的连词有or, either. or., otherwise等。 Hurry up, or you* 11 miss the train.快点，否那么你就赶不上火车了。（3）表示转折,常用的连词有 but, still, however, yet, while, when 等。 He was a little man wi th thick glasses, but he had a strange way of mak i ng his classes lively and interesting.他是个戴着深度眼镜

4、的小个子，但他有一种奇怪的方法使他的课生动有趣。（4）表示因果关系，常用的连词有so, for, therefore等。 August is the time of the year for harvest, so every day 1 work from dawn until dark.八月是一年中收获的季节，所以我每天从黎明一直工作到天黑。3.复合句是含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。根据从句在句中的语法作用，可分为状语从句、 定语从句和名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句）。When he knocked at the door, I was working at the

5、table.他敲门时我正在桌旁工作。（状语从句）A1though/Though/Whi1e the students came from different countries, they got along quite wel1 in the summer camp.虽然这些学生来自不同的国家，但他们在这个夏令营中相处得很好。（状语从句）Who will win the match is still unknown.谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。（主语从句）She will give whoever needs help a warm support.凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。（宾

6、语从句）He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。（定语从句）I still remember the place where I met her for the first time. 我仍然记得我第 一次见到她的地方。（定语从句）II.句子按功能可分为陈述句、疑问句、感慨句和祈使句一、陈述句1.定义陈述句是用于陈述事实和观点的句子。陈述句包括肯定构造和否认构造，句末用句号。This is a desk.（肯定构造） He can, t sing or dance.（否认构造）2.肯定句变否认句的根本情况（Dbe动词根据不同的人称

7、和时态有不同的形式，构成否认式时，一律在其后面加否认副词 noto He is not reading.They are not from China.（2）情态动词的否认式是在其后面直接加notoI can t swim.（3）实义动词变否认式时，要借助助动词do, does, did或have, has, had。 I don t like pop music. He doesn t like running. lie dicin t go to the park yesterday. They haven , t finished the task by now.二、疑问句（一）一般疑问

8、句1.定义一般疑问句也可称为是否型问句，因为它一般是由yes或no来答复的。Can you swim to the other side?你能游到对岸吗？一Yes, I can.是的，我能。一No, I can t.不，我不能。温馨提示答复一般疑问句除 了用 yes 或 no 外，也可用 certainly, probcibly, perhaps, of course, all right, with pleasure 等代替 yes,用 never, not at all 等代替 no。Can you help me?你能帮我个忙吗？-Certainly.一一当然。2 . 一般疑问句的构造：

9、be/助动词/情态动词+主语十表语/谓语/系表构造（+其他）？Are they your friends?他们是你的朋友吗？ Does he go to school on foot?他是步行去上学吗？Will you be free tonight?你今晚有空吗？3 .否认的一般疑问句的答语yes的含义为“不”，no的含义为“是，但在答复这类句子时，应该注意yes后接肯 定构造，no后接否认构造。 Aren t you Mr. Smith?一一难道你不是史密斯先生吗？Yes, I am.不，我是。一No, I am not.一一是的，我不是。（二）特殊疑问句.特殊疑问句的定义及构造用特殊疑问

10、词引导的疑问句叫作特殊疑问句。其根本构造为：特殊疑问词+ be/助动词/ 情态动词+主语+谓语/表语（+其他）？What can you do about it? 你对此能做些什么呢？1 .特殊疑问词特殊疑问词分为两类：疑问代词和疑问副词。（1）疑问代词：who, whom, whose, which, whatoWhose are those shoes?那些鞋子是谁的？Which hat is Lily s?哪一顶帽子是莉莉的？（2）疑问副词：when, where, why, how。Where is he? 他现在在何处？Why did you do that? 你为什么做那件事？（三

11、）选择疑问句.选择疑问句的含义及构造选择疑问句一般提出两种或两种以上的可能，问对方选择哪一种。其构造可用一般疑问 句，也可用特殊疑问句，供选择的局部由。r连接，or前的局部用升调，。r后的局部用降调。 Will you go there by bus or by train?你准备乘公共汽车还是乘火车去那儿？1 .选择疑问句的答语其答语必须是完整的句子或其省略式，不能用yes或no来答复。 Do you go to work by bus or by bike?你乘公交车还是骑自行车去上班？-By bus.乘公交车。（四）反意疑问句.反意疑问句的构成这种问句由两局部组成，前一局部是陈述句，后一

12、局部是附加的简短问句（称为tag question）,中间用逗号隔开，因此,反意疑问句又称附加疑问句。（2）如果陈述句是肯定句式，附加问句用否认句式：如果陈述句是否认句式，附加问句用肯定 句式。附加问句一般由“bo动词（助动词、情态动词）+代词构成。 You re coming, aren, t you?你会来的，是吗？They dicin t clean the classroom yesterday, did they?他们昨天没有清扫教室，是吗？1 .反意疑问句需注意的问题(1)附加问句中的主语要用代词；如果陈述句的主语是名词，用相应的代词指代该名词。(2)如果陈述句中没有系动词、情态动

13、词或助动词，附加疑问句中就要根据陈述句的时态选择 适当的助动词。 Li Lei gets up at six in the morning, doesn, t he?李雷每天早上六点起床，是吗？2 .反意疑问句的答语(1)反意疑问句的答语一般用由yes或no引导的简单答语来答复。 She is your teacher, isn t she?她是你的教师，是吧？一Yes, she is.是的，她是。No, she isn t.不，她不是。(2)在前否认后肯定的句子中，yes含义为不，no含义为“是。-She can t swim, can she?一一她不会游泳，对吗？Yes, she can

14、.不，她会。No, she can t.一一是的，她不会。三、感慨句.由what引导的感慨句what意为“多么，用作定语，修饰名词(被强调局部)，单数可数名词前要加不定冠词 a/an,复数可数名词或不可数名词前不用冠词。这类句子的构造形式是： What (+a/an) adj. +. + 主语 + 谓语！What a clever girl she is!她是一个多么聪明的女孩呀！What delicious food it is!多么美味的食物呀！1 .由how引导的感慨句how意为“多么，用作状语，修饰形容词或副词(被强调局部)。这类句子的构造形式是:How+ad/, adv.) + 主语

15、 + 谓语！ How well she sings! 她唱得多好呀!四、祈使句用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、制止等的句子叫作祈使句。因对象(即主语)是第二 人称，所以通常都省略。祈使句的谓语动词一般为原形，句末那么使用句号或感慨号。Go and wash your hands. 去洗洗你的手。(命令)Be quiet, please.请安静。(请求)Watch your steps.走路小心。(警告) Keep off the grass.勿践踏草坪。(制止)随堂检测，I判断以下句子是简单句、并列句还是更合句()1. We often study Chinese history on Fri

16、day afternoon.()2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.()3. There is a chair in this room, isn, t there?()4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.()5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.()6. He was fond of drawing

17、when he was yet a child.()7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor wi11 he do so.()8. What he said at the meeting is very important, isn t it?()9. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.()10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.答案：1.简单句2.复合句3.简单句4.简单句5.并列句6.复合句7.并列句8.复合句9.简单句10.简单句II按要求完

18、成以下句子He dares to tell the truth.(改为否认句)Ho docsn t dare to tell the truth.1. They have 1 ived here for more than ten years.(对画线局部提问)How long have they lived there?2. There will be a sports meet at the end of this month, won t there?(完成反意 疑问句)You must be careful with your pronunciation.(改为祈使句)Be caref

19、ul with your pronunciation.3. They went for a walk after supper yesterday evening.(改为一般疑问句)Did ihey goor a walk afler supper yesterday evening?4. It is an interesting story.(改为感慨句)What an interesting story (it is)!或 How interesting the story is!5. This magazine comes out every olher week.（对画线局部提问）Ho

20、w often does this magazine come out?6. They could hardly believe his words, could they?（完成反意疑问句）The moon is shining brightly.（改为感慨句）How bright, lyhe moon is shining!7. Our English teacher is always encouraging us to speak English in class.（对画线局部提问）Who is ilways encouraging you to speak English in ckiss?