新高考英语外研版一轮学案板块1第1讲名词和数词.docx

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1、板块一词形的变换 Ny第1讲名词和数词f前沿最新动态题型高考典题试做命题角度解读语 法填 空1. (2020浙江卷)Later, they learned to work with the seasons (season), planting at the right time and, in dry areas, making use of annual floods to irrigate (灌溉)their fields.2. (2020-1 月浙江卷)For Japan, the numbers (number) are more striking-22 in 1950, 46 tod

2、ay and 53 in 2050.3. (2018全国卷 I )Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes (cause).4. (2017全国卷国)She has turned down several invitationsfinvitation) to

3、star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.1 .给出名词的单数形式， 考查其复数形式；2 .给出数词的基数词，考 查其序数词。核心语法精讲考点一名词的数题组试做单句语法填空1. The paper was used for scaling up holes in walls and roofs(roof) in the cold and freezing winter.2. The pianos(piano) in the other shop will be cheaper, but they are not as good.3

4、. Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves (wolf) would kill their farm animals or pets.4. I spent ten minutes walking up and clown the high street, desperately avoiding eye contact with passers- by (passer-by).5. An ant has two stomachs (stomach). One holds the food for itself

5、and the other is for food to be given to other ants.要点解读一、名词单数变复数的规则变化变化规则例词一般情况加smap-maps； girl-*girls；house-chouses； mouth-*mouths以-th结尾的词，加-smonth-*months； truth-*truths以s, -x, -sh, -ch 结 尾的，加-esclass-*classes； box-boxes；brushbrushes； match-*matches 但是stomach(胃)的复数是stomachs； ox(公牛)的复数是oxen“辅音字母+y

6、”结尾 的，变y为i加-escily-cities； country-*countries； party-*parties； factory-*factories 注意：以元音字母+y结尾的则直接 力U-s,如 boy-*boys； toy-toys以“辅音字母+。”结尾的词一般加-estomatotomatoes ； potato-* potatoes； hero-*heroes； Negro-*Negroes； mango-* mangoes注意：1.少数名词加-s或-es均可， 如 volcano-* volcano(e)s ；mosquito-* mosquito(e)s2.少数名词只

7、加s,如pianof pianos； photo-* photos以“元音字母+o”结尾的词， 加-sradio-*radios； zoo-*zoos；bamboo-* bamboos以-f,fe结尾的词，通常 变f或fe为 v,再加-eshalf-*halves； leaf-*leaves：shelf-*shelves； thief-*thieves：wolf-*wolves； wifewives；lifelives； knife-*knives 但是也有的直接加-s,如roof-*roofs；chief-*chiefs还有两种复数形式 的，in handkerchief-*handkerc

8、hiefs/handkerchieves合成名词变复 数时，通常只将 里面所含的主体 名词变成复数， 如果没有主体名 词，则将最后一部分变成复数son-in-law-* sons-in-law passer- by-* passers- by story- teller-* story-tellers go- between-* go- betweens grown- up-* grown- ups二、名词单数变复数的不规则变化变化情况例词特殊变化child-*children； foot-feet； tooth-*teeth； mouse-*mice；man-*men： woman-*wom

9、en 注意：由man或woman构成的合成 词，其复数形式也是-men和-women, 如 an Englishman-*two Englishmen； 但German不是合成词，故复数形式为 Germans有些名词的单 复数有不同的 拼写方法细菌 bacterium（单数）一bacteria（复数）; 资料、数据datum（单数）f data（复数）； 现象phenomenon（单数）f phenomena（复数）考点二名词的所有格题组试做单句语法填空1. In addition, the hostessYhostess) cooking will guarantee you a wonde

10、rful chance of tasting delicious Chinese food.2. The article concludes that parents (parents) education affects their childrens future.3. uTodays (today) story is about the success of a poor child, the teacher said.4. Wed better stay in a hotel that is just a stones (stone) throw from the railway st

11、ation for the sake of convenience.5. Studies show that a childs (child) character is greatly influenced by his/her home environment.要点解读名词的所有格1 .有生命的名词，其所有格一般在名词后加，s。his fathers boss他爸爸的老板2 .表示时间、城市、地域、团体、机构等无生命的事物后也可加入,表示其 所有格。todays paper今天的报纸Englands shore英国的海岸the cars design这辆车的设计3 .在某些习惯用语中，也需要

12、加大所有格。a stones throw 近在咫尺keep sb. at arms length与某人保持距离；不亲近某人be at ones wits end 黔驴技穷4 .如果一样东西为两个人共有，则只在后一个名词后加-s,如果不是共有的 则两个名词后都要加北。Jane and Marys mother简和玛丽的妈妈（共有，暗示简和玛丽是姐妹关系）Janes and Marys mothers简的妈妈和玛丽的妈妈（不是共有，分别指两位妈妈）5 .双重所有格：“a/lwo/some. +名词+of+名词R名词性物主代词”构成双 重所有格，“Of+名词所有格”中的名词必须表示人，不能表示事物。

13、a friend of her mothers她妈妈的一个朋友two photos of hers她的两张照片考点三数词基数词与序数词题组试做单句语法填空1. (2020枣庄模拟)Its celebrations happened as early as the fifth(five) century.2. The elevator broke down and we had to walk up to the tenth (ten) floor.3. Saturn is the second (two) biggest planet in the solar system.4. Each y

14、ear, hundreds (hundred) of the animals are killed for their fur.5. Im a frequent traveller and I eat out twice (two) a day.6. It has been snowing, roughly every third (three) day, for as long as Ive had the flu.要点解读一、基数词和序数词1 .表数量的数词叫基数词，如one, two, three, .2 .表顺序的数词叫序数词,如 first, second, third, fourt

15、h, fifth, .二、基数词变序数词的规则1. 一二三要单独记：one-first, two -* second, three third2. th 要从四加起：four - fourth, five - fifth, .3. eight 少个 t： eight -* eighth4. nine 删除 e： nine -* ninth5. ve 用 f 来代替：five -* fifth, twelve twelfth6. ty 变成 tie： twenty -* twentieth三、序数词的使用1 .序数词在句中主要作定语，一般情况下序数词前要加定冠词。Monday is the se

16、cond day of a week.星期一是一周的第二天。2 .序数词前有时加不定冠词，表示“又一、再一，相当于another。Would you like a second cup of tea?你还想再来一杯茶吗？I had a third apple.我(吃了两个苹果后汉吃了一个苹果。3 . first, second等有时可表示一批人或物。The first milu deer came from China in the 1860s.最早的一批麋鹿是在十九世纪六十年代从中国引进的。四、分数：分子用基数词，分母用序数词；分子大于1,分母用复数。1/3: one third, 2/5: two fifths