新高考英语二轮复习讲义高频解密08情态动词和虚拟语气（原卷版）.docx

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1、2021年新高考英语二轮复习讲义+典例训练高频解密08情态动词和虚拟语气考点详解【考纲解读】1 . 掌握 can, could, may, might, must, will, would, shall, should, ought to, need, dare, be able to, used to等情态动词的基本用法。2 .掌握虚拟语气在非真实条件句、名词性从句及其他句型中的运用。【命题趋势】情态动词和虚拟语气为中学英语考纲要求的内容，并且是高考内容中的难点之一。预计 在以后的高考中，可能会对情态动词和虚拟语气进行考查，且还可能通过虚拟语气形式考查 某种时态的某个形式。考向1情态动词一、

2、 can, could 与 be able to1 .表示能力（体力、知识、技能）。?Can you lift this heavy box?（体力）寸Mary can speak three languages.（知识）寸Can you skate?（技能） 此时可用be able to代替。can只有一般现在时和一般过去式；而be able to则有更多的时态。京T 11 not be able to come this afternoon.当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be able to,不能用can。如：寸He was able to go to the party yes

3、terday evening in spite of the heavy rain.2 .表水请求和允许。4Can I go now?Yes, you can. / No, you can t. 此时可与 may 互换。在疑问句中还可用could, might代替，不是过去式，只是语气更委婉，不能用于肯定 句和答语中。寸Could I come to see you tomorrow?才You could have helped him.你本来应该帮助他的。表示“差点儿就要。如:百1 could have died laughing.我差点儿笑死了。二、may / might用于表推测的用法表

4、示推测，两者都可用，只是might比may语气更不确定，表示的可能性更小。(1)在句型使用方面：两者均可用于肯定句和否定句，但用于疑问句时: may通常不用于句 首，但可用于疑问句的句中(如特殊疑问句等)，而might尽管可以用于疑问句的句首，但不算普通， 通常会改用其他句式(如用could等)。如：口He may might know the answer.他可能知道答案。bHe may might not believe you.他可能不会相信你。寸And who may might she be?那么她会是哪一位呢？(2)从时间关系看，对现在或将来情况作推测，后接动词原形；对正在进行的情

5、况作推测， 后接be doing结构；对过去情况作推测，后接动词完成式。如：寸He may might tell his wife他也许会告诉他妻子。寸He may might be writing a letter.他可能在写信。kShe may might have read it in the papers.她可能在报上已读到过此事。(3) “might+完成式”除表示对过去的推测外，还有以下重要用法： 表示过去某事可能发生而实际上却并没发生。如：bIt was really very dangerous. I might have killed myself.那真的是太危险了，我差点没

6、 命了。kA lot of men died who might have been saved.很多人本来可以获救的却死了。 表示委婉的批评或责备。如：bYou might have made greater progress.你的进步本来可更大一些的。寸You might at least have answered my letter.你至少可以回我一封信嘛。三、must表示推测的用法must表示很有把握的推测，其意为“一定会” “肯定会”，只用于肯定句，一般不用于否定句或疑问句。表示对现在或未来的情况作推测，后接动词原形；表示对过去情况的推测, 接动词完成式。如：育1 must be

7、the happiest woman on earth!我一定是世界上最幸福的女人了。寸No, he must be lying.不，他一定在撒谎声He must have mistaken my meaning.他一定误会了我的意思。考向3虚拟语气一、虚拟语气在条件句中的应用包含条件从句的句子称为条件句。条件句分为两类：一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件 句。如果假设的情况很可能发生，就用真实条件句。If he has time, he wil come.如果他有时间，他会来的。1He wont succeed unless we plan well.他不会成功的，除非我们计划好。如果假设的情

8、况发生的可能性不大，则用虚拟条件句。虚拟条件句分为三种，见下表6f he had time now, he would(could, might)go with you.假设情况条件从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式与现在事实相反过去式(be的过去式常用were)would/should/might/could + 动词原形与将来事实相反(1)过去式(2)should +动词原形(3)were to +动词原形would/should/might/could + 动词原形与过去事实相反过去完成时(had +过去分词)would/should/might/could + 过去分词要是他现在有时间，他会

9、和你一起去的。(与现在事实相反)you had come a few minutes earlier, you would(could, might) have met the famous singer.如果你早来几分钟，你就会见到那个著名歌手了。(与过去事实相反)mIf it were to snow this evening, they would not go out.如果今天晚上下雪，他们就不会出去。(与将来事实相反)二、几种特殊的虚拟条件从句1 .省略if形式的虚拟语气在if虚拟条件句中，若省略if,则将should, were, had前置，构成主谓倒装句式。才Had I wor

10、ked harder, I would have succeeded.如果我当时努力学习的话，我就会成功的。Were she my daughter(Should she be my daughter), I wouldnt allow her to study abroad. 如果她是我的女儿的话，我就不让她出国学习了。2 .混合虚拟语气若主句和从句所表示的时间不一致，就构成了混合虚拟语气或错综虚拟语气，此时， 主句和从句的时态形式根据实际的时间概念来定。5f she had followed the doctors words, she would feel better now.如果当初

11、她听从了医生的建议，现在就会好多了。3 .含蓄虚拟语气有时候假设的条件不是通过条件从句表达，而是隐含在某些介词短语中，如without., 连词but for, otherwise, or等中。寸Without music(=If there were no music), the world would be dull.世界若无音乐将会很枯燥。blm really very busy, otherwise I would certainly go there with you.(otherwise=if T were not so busy)我真的是太忙了，不然我就会同你一道去了。三、虚拟语

12、气在宾语从句中的应用1.动词wish后的宾语从句。表示现在的情况，从句谓语用过去式；表示过去的情况，从句谓语用过去完成式；表示将 来的情况，从句谓语用 would/ should/could/might +动词原形。k1 wish I were ten years younger now.我希望我现在年轻十岁。寸I wish I had met him yesterday.我昨天能遇到他就好了。6 wish I would be a scientist.我希望将来成为科学家。(2018 江苏卷单项填空)There is a good social life in the village, an

13、d I wish I a second chance to become more involved.A. hadB. will haveC. would have hadD. have had【参考答案】A【答案解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：在这个村里有很好的社交生活，并且我希望我再有机会 去更多的参与。本题考查Wish引导的宾语从句，表示与现在事实相反的愿望，所以从句用 一般过去时。故选A。2.在表示请求、建议、命令、要求等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语用should +动词原形，should可省略。常见的这类动词有：suggest, recommend, insist, order,require

14、, advise, demand, command, ask, request, propose等。He suggested that we (should) be here in time.他建议我们及时到那儿。首The doctor advised that he (should) change his job.医生劝他换工作。1 .(2018 江苏卷单项填空)Its strange that hehave taken the books without the owners permission.A. wouldB. shouldC. couldD. might【参考答案】B【答案解析】

15、考查虚拟语气。句意：真奇怪，他竟然没有主人的允许就拿走了这些书。在句 型It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that.”中，其中由 that 引导的主语从句通 常用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，其中的should可以省略。故选B。2 . (2016 全国新课标卷 II 短文改错)Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby.【参考答案】删除can或can改为should【答案解析】考查虚拟语气。动词suggest作为建议讲的时候，后面

16、的宾语从句要使用虚拟 语气(should-F)动词原形，所以本句可以删除can或can改为should o.在 wouldrather后的宾语从句中，谓语常用过去式来表示现在或将来的情况，用过去完成式表示过去的 情况。3I would rather you told me the truth.我愿意你跟我讲真话。6 would rather you had been present.我倒愿意你当时在场。3 .在n It is （about/high） time+that从句中，谓语动词常用过去式或should+动词原 形”表示虚拟语气，注意should不可省略。守Its high time t

17、hat we devoted ourselves to environmental protection.是我们致力于环境保护的时候了。4 . as if, as though引导的表语从句和方式状语从句中常用虚拟语气，与现在事实相反用一 般过去时；与过去事实相反用过去完成时。mThey talked and talked as if they would never meet again.他们谈啊谈好像永远不会再见面一样。6.if only引导的感叹句中，用虚拟语气表示愿望。Look at the trouble were in.If only we had taken our teache

18、rs advice!看看我们所处的困境，要是我们接受老师的建议就好了！1 .（2017江苏卷）not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.A. It wereB. Were itC. It wasD. Was it【参考答案】B【试题解析】考查虚拟语气和倒装。虚拟语气中，be动词统一用were；虚拟语气的省略形 式主要是把if省略，同时把were/should/had提前，即Were /Should/ Had I，故选Bo句意： 要不是老师们的支持，该学生是无法克服她自己的

19、困难的。2. （2017天津卷） 一Do you have Bettys phone number?一Yes. Otherwise, I able to reach her yesterday.A. hadnt beenB. wouldnt have beenC. werentD. wouldnt be【参考答案】B【试题解析】句意：你有贝蒂的电话号码吗？ 有。否则我昨天就联系不到她了。根 据标志词otherwise,否则相当于一个条件状语从句：If I hadnt have her phone number,即对 过去的虚拟的条件状语从句，可以判断出主句用wouldnl have done表

20、示对过去情况的虚拟, 故选B。难点详解错综时间条件句的虚拟语气当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为错综时 间条件句动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。声开 you had followed the doctors advice, you would be better now.如果你当时听医生建议的话，你现在就好多了。1. （2018 天津卷单项填空）If we the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying ourholiday on the beachA. had caughtB. caughtC. have

21、caughtD. would catch【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我们昨天赶上飞机的话，现在我们正在海滩享受我们的 假日了。根据时间状语yesterday可知，从句表示与过去事实相反，故用had + v-ed。故选A。【名师点睛】本题考查虚拟语气。虚拟语气重要做题原则：根据题干中主句或从句中动词形 式判断所考查的动词的虚拟时间，一般要保持一致，但要注意错综时间虚拟语气要根据各自 所表示的虚拟时间做出调整。本题就是错综条件虚拟语气，从句与过去事实相反，故用had + v-ed,主句与现在事实相反。2. （2016 江苏卷单项填空）If it for his invitation

22、the other day, I should not be herenow.A. had not beenB. should not beC. were not to beD. should not have been【参考答案】A【答案解析】本句属于错综条件句的虚拟语气。if从句表示与过去事实相反，所以使用过去 完成时，主句表示与现在事实相反，所以使用“情态动词+动词原形”。句意：如果不是因 为前儿天他的邀请，我现在就不会在这里了。故A正确。3. （2015 天津）1 wish I at my sisters wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a bus

23、iness trip inNew York then.A. will beB. would beC. have beenD. had been【参考答案】D【试题解析】句意：上个周二我本希望参加我姐姐的婚礼，但那时我在纽约出差。本题考查 wish引导的宾语从句，表示与过去事实相反的愿望，从句用had +过去分词。根据句意可 知选D。检测训练（高考真题+名校检测）一、单项选择1. （2017全国卷）Whale breathe through lungs just as we humans do, so they come up forair.A. mayB.canC.mightD.must2.

24、（2014广西卷）Although youfind bargains in London, its not generally a cheap placeto shop.A.shouldB.needC.mustD.can3. （2020江苏卷）If I hadnt been faced with so many barriers, Iwhere I am.A.wont beB.wouldnt have been C.wouldnt beD.shouldnt have been4. （2020天津卷）Jim says we stay in his house as long as we leav

25、e it clean and tidy .A.mustB.canC.needD.should5. （ 2020-天津卷）You have scolded him for his poor performance. After all, he had done his best.A.mustB.shouldC.mustntD.shouldnl（2016-1 匕京卷）（2016l匕京）1 love the weekend, because I get up early on Saturdaysand Sundays.A.needntB.mustntC.wouldntD.shouldnt6. （20

26、16浙江卷）George too far. His coffee is still warm.A.must have goneB.might have goneC.cant have goneD.neednthavegone8. （2011 辽宁卷）If you go, at least wait until the storm is over.A.canB.mayC.mustD.willC.cant have goneD.neednthavegone9. （2011 辽宁卷）If you go, at least wait until the storm is over.A.canB.may

27、C.mustD.will10. （2013天津卷）No one be more generous； he has a heart of gold.A.couldB.mustC.dareD.need11. （2011陕西卷）Will you read me a story, Mummy?OK. You have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.A.mightB.mustC.couldD.shall11. （2016天津卷）（2016天津）It was really annoying; I get access to the data bank y

28、ouhad recommended.A.wouldntC.shouldntB.couldntD.neednt12. （2013安徽卷）to my cousins birthday party last night, but I was not available.A.wentB.had goneC.would have goneD.would go13. （2015重庆卷）Yoube Carol. You haven91 changed a bit after all these years.A.mustB.canC.willD.shall14. （2015浙江卷）It was so nois

29、y that wehear ourselves speak.A.couldntB.shouldntC.mustntD.neednt15（2015天津卷）1 have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates hereare very friendly to me.A.mightntB. mustntC.neednD. couldnt16. （2015四|卷）You be careful with the camera. It costs!A.mustB.mayC.canD.will（2015-陕西卷）You feel

30、all the training a waste of time, but Im a hundred percent sure later youH be grateful you did it.A.shouldB.needC.shallD.may17. （2015福建卷）一Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.一Oh, it*s too bad. You have made full preparations.A.mustB.canC.wouldD.should（2007江苏卷）一She looks very happy. She have

31、 passed the exam.I guess so. Ifs not difficult after all.A.shouldB.couldC.mightD.must（2014重庆卷）Ive ordered some pizza, so we worry about cooking when we gethome tired.A.cantB.dare notC.needntD.may not（2017全国卷）My brother lent me the money,I couldnt have afforded the trip.A.FurthermoreB .OtherwiseC.Mor

32、eoverD.Nevertheless18. （2014重庆卷）It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I it?A.had doneB.have doneC.didD.am doing（2016浙江卷）Had the governments and scientists not worked together, AIDS-related deaths since their highest in 2005.A.had not fallenB.would not fallC.did not fallD.

33、would not have fallen19. （2019江苏卷）What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we a good time together.A.hadB.will haveC.would have had D.had had（2018江苏卷）There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I a second chance to become more involved.A.hadB.will haveC.would have hadD.have had20. （201

34、8江苏卷）Its strange that he have taken the books without the ownerspermission.A.wouldB.shouldC.couldC.couldD.might21. （2018北京卷）They might have found a better hotel if they a few more kilometers.A. droveB.would driveD.had drivenD.had drivenC.were to drive28. （2018天津卷）28. （2018天津卷）If wethe flight yesterd

35、ay, we would be enjoying our holiday onthe beachthe beachA.had caughtB.caughtC.have caughtD.would catch29. （2016北京卷）30. （2016北京卷）Why didnt you tell me about your trouble last week? If youme, Icould have helped.A.toldB.had toldC.were to tellD.would tell31. （2017天津卷）（2017天津） 一Do you have Bettys phone

36、number?一Yes. Otherwise, Iable to reach her yesterday.A.hadnt beenB.wouldnt have beenC.werentD.wouldnt be32. （2017*）匕京卷）If the new safety system to use, the accident would never havehappened.A.had been put B.were putC.should be putD.would be put33. （2014浙江卷）They were abroad during the months when we

37、were carrying out the investigation, or they to our help.A.would have comeB.could comeC.have comeD.had come34. （2016-天津卷）I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadnt been wearing one, I.A.were injuredB.would be injuredC.had been injuredD.would have been injured35. （2010-陕西卷）If wethe other road, we might hav

38、e arrived here in time for the meeting.A. takeB.tookC.had takenD.have taken36. （2014北京卷）We back in the hotel now if you didn lose the map.Yes, you can. （ No, T m afraid not.）.表示客观可能性（客观原因形成的能力）。寸They ve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead. This hall can hold 500 people at least.3 .表示推

39、测（惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度），用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。Can this be true?This can t be done by him. How can this be true?1. （2018 北京卷单项填空）In today 9s information age, the loss of data cause seriousproblems for a company.A. needB. shouldC. canD. must【参考答案】C【答案解析】考查情态动词。句意：在今天的信息时代，数据的丢失有时会对一个公司造成 严重的问题。数据丢失造成严重问题是客观上会发生的情况，即

40、“客观可能性”，故该空应用 情态动词can。C选项正确。其余情态动词均没有该用法。need需要；should应该，竟然； must必须，肯定。2. （2017 北京卷单项填空）Samuel, the tallest boy in our class,easily reach the books on the top shelf.A. mustB. shouldC. canD. need【参考答案】C【答案解析】考查情态动词。can表示能力，意为“能够”。故答案为C。句意：塞缪尔 我们班个子最高的男孩能够轻松地够到架子顶层上的书。二、may, might.表示请求和允许。might比may语气更

41、委婉，而不是过去式。否定回答时可用can t或mustn 3表示 “不可以，禁止kMight/ May I smoke in this room?No, you mustn t.4May/Might I take this book out of the room?Yes, you can. （No, you can t / mustn t.）C.would beD.will be36. （2015重庆卷） Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.A.didnt writeB.

42、hadnt writtenC.wouldn5t writeD.wouldnt have written37. （2015天津卷） I wish I at my sisters wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a businesstrip in New York then.A.will beB.would beD.had beenD.had beenC.have beenas well as her.as well as her.38. （2015陕西卷）Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish IA.danceC.had da

43、nced39. （2015江苏卷）A.did I knowC.do I knowD.dancedIt might have saved me some trouble the schedule.B.have I knownD.had I known40. （2015北京卷）If I it with my own eyes J wouldn9t have believed it.A.didnt seeB.werent seeingD.hadnt seenD.hadnt seenC.wouldn see二、根据所给汉语意思完成句子1.1 1fs strongly that all the stud

44、ents equipped with an English dictionary.强烈建议每个人都要配一本词典。42 .建议父母要给孩子树立一个好榜样，因为父母的行为会对孩子的一生产生极大的影响。It is suggested that a parent for their children, since parents9 deeds will definitely kids5 life.43 .愿我是一条游在海里的鱼。（虚拟语气）I wish swimming in the sea.44 .我宁愿你没有告诉我这个消息。（would rather）I would ratherthe news.

45、45他同他们说话，就当他们是孩子一样。He talks to them children.46 .她的医生建议她一天锻炼至少2小时，因为运动会对她的总体健康起作用。Her doctor recommended that at least 2 hours a day, because exercise could to her overall fitness.47 .The dentist suggested that she another day.牙医建议她应该改日再来。1 8.1 suggest that we to the park on Sunday.我建议我们星期天去公园。50 .W

46、ithout your timely help, we（不可能按时完成）the task on time.51 .如果杰克踢进了那个球，我们就会夺冠了。We if Jack that goal.1.1 1f the problem （处理）in this way, it wouldnt have caused such a serious Consequence.53 .John Snow建议所有水源都要经过检测。John Snow that the source of all the water supplies examined.54 .The teacher suggested that the whole class（被分成）four groups. （根据汉语意思填空）. （2020全国高二课时练习）If Jim（参加）the talent show, he，d win it for sure.（根据汉语提示完成句子）用May I？征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气，而用CanI？在口语中更常见。2.用于祈使句，表示祝愿。寸May you succeed!You feel all the training a waste of time, but Im a hundred percent sure later yo