英语高三一轮复习系列外研学案导学版文档第二部分重难增分篇第一讲含答案2.docx

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1、重难增分篇第一讲时态语态1 ,运用“7看法”，熟记“4句型”速判动词的时态 掌握独特的时间状语标志（7看法）1看至always, often, seldom, sometimes, usually 等想到用一般现在时2看至U yesterday, last night, a few days ago, the other day 等想到用一般过去时态3看至ll tomorrow, next year, in a week 等想到用将来时态4看至ll all the time, now, at present 等想到用现在进行时态5看至U at that time, then, at six o

2、clock yesterday 等想到用过去进行时6看至tl at this time tomorrow, from 1 oclock to 3 oclock tomorrow 等想到用将来进行时7看至ll since, so far, up to now, by the time, in the last/past few years 等想到用完成时态I usually get up at four oclock every morning when its still dark.我通常每天早晨四点起床，那时天还很黑。I will be talking with the professor

3、at this time tomorrow.明天这个时间我将在和教授谈话。By the time you get home I will have cleaned the house from top to bottom.到你回家的时候，我将会已经把房子打扫得干干净净。（2）熟记固定句型中的时态（4句型）?be doing.when.,主句常用过去进行时，从句常用一般过去时。?no sooner.than或hardly.when.,主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。?It is/has been +时间段+ since表示自从以来已经”。主句用现在完成时或一般现在时，从句用一般过去时。?Th

4、is/It/That is the first/second.time that表示“这/那是第一/二次，后面的句子要用现在完成时。I will tell you the truth as long as you keep it to yourself.2 .一旦你到那里，请给我打个电话。(once, give sb a call)Once you get there, please give me a call.3 .等到你下次来，我们的新房子将会盖好。你就可以和我们一起住了。(new house, complete, by the time, stay)Our new house will

5、 have been completed by the time you come next time.Then you can stay with4 .即使明天下雨，我们也不会改变计划。(change our plan, even if)We wont change oui plan even if it Iains tomorrow.5 .抓到这个被通缉的人或者提供有价值线索的人将得到一大笔钱。(anyone who, the wanted man, provide useful information, award, a large sum of money)Anyone who cat

6、ches the wanted man or provides useful information will be awarded a large sum of money.6 .你越努力，你的进步就越大。(the harder, the greater progress)The harder you work, the greater progiess you will make.五、熟用句型“亮”化句子.我正要离开这时我的手机响了。(be about to.when)I was about to leave when my mobile phone iang.1 .我们正在上语文课，这时

7、门开了，进来一个警察。(have a Chinese class, when, in come)We were having a Chinese class when the door opened and in came a policeman.2 .当他们来到的时候，我的作业刚完成，正要去购物。(finish, go shopping, when)I had just finished my homework and was about to go shopping when they arrived.3 .这是我第一次到上海，我感到一切都是那么神奇。(the first time, am

8、azing)This is the fiist time that I have been in Shanghai and I feel everything is so amazing.4 .那是我第一次见到外国人。我感到很兴奋，就走上前去向他说了声“hello”。(the first time, see, foreigner, excited, go up, say “heHo to)That was the Erst time that I had seen a foreigner.Feeling very excited, I went up and said “hello” to h

9、im.六 多用被动“洋”化句子.我们每天都打扫教室。每天都给这些花浇水。(clean, water)Ou】 classioom is cleaned every day.These flowers aie wateied every day.1 .据报道，这个城市附近将建立一个大的化工厂，许多市民强烈反对。(it is reported that, a large chemical factory, citizens, be opposed to)It is leported that a large chemical factory will be built nea】 the city a

10、nd that many citizens are opposed to it.2 .我们老师说，任何人都将受到惩罚，除非他不违反学校纪律。(anyone, punish, unless, break the regulations)Ou】 teacher said anyone would be punished unless he didnt break the regulations of our school.4,那座桥正在重建，预计这些景点将在下周对游客开放。(the bridge, rebuild, attractions, be open to, tourist)The brid

11、ge is being ebuilt and it is expected that the attractions will be open to tourists next week.5 .请声音小一点，现在正在宣布获胜者。(keep your voice down, the winners, announce)Keep your voice down, please.The winners are being announced.6 .我的作业已经完成。我现在可以出去玩了。(homework, finish)My homework has been finished and I can

12、go out to play now.7 .等你下次来的时候，这个工程就已经完工了。你将亲自看到它是多么宏大。(the project, complete, by the time, how magnificent, for yourself)The project will have been completed by the time you come next time, when youll see how magnificent it is for yourself.8 .由于天气恶劣，航班延误了好几个小时。(owing, flight, delay, couple)Owing to

13、 bad weather, the flight was delayed for a couple of houis.Hardly had the speaker finished his speech when the audience kept asking him questions. 演讲者一结束他的讲话，观众就不停地向他提问。It is the third time that you have been late for work this week, isnt it?这已经是你本周第三次工作迟到了，不是吗？The boy was doing his homework when hi

14、s father came back from work. 当那个男孩的父亲下班回来时，他正在做作业。2.被动语态的几点说明(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁，或者需要突出或强调动作的承受者时，就要用 被动语态。(2)只有及物动词才有被动语态。但 cost, have, own, lack, agree with, suffer from, belong to, consist of等及物动词或及物的短语动词没有被动语态。(3)happen, occur, come about, take place等不及物动词没有被动语态。(4)带有介词的动词短语的被动语态，不要漏掉介词。The c

15、hildren will be looked after well here.这些孩子在这里将受到很好的照顾。(5)系动词 feel, look, seem, appear, taste, sound, smell, prove, remain 等用主动形式表示 被动意义，主语通常是事物。The material feels very soft.这种料子摸起来很柔软。school will become191 a more enjoyable place in the near future.1 .现在进行时，表示现在正在发生的动作。2 .现在完成进行时，表示从过去从开始一直延续到现在并有可能

16、继续下去的动作。3 .一般现在时，表示经常性或习惯性动作。4 .一般过去时，在过去某个时间里(last week上周)所发生的动作。5 .过去进行时，在过去某一时间正在进行的动作。6 .过去完成时，表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已经完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。7 .过去将来时，表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或将要存在的状态。另外，此处主 语dustbins为动作的承受者，所以用被动语态。8 .现在完成时，表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。9 .一般将来时，表示在将来某一时刻要发生的动作或存在的状态。灵活运用I .单句填空(用所给动词的适当形式填空).The sun was

17、setting when my car broke (break) down near a remote village.1 .This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their natural course.Being too anxious to help an event develop often results(result) in the contrary to our intention.2 .People stepped on your feet or pushed (push) you with their elb

18、ows, hurrying ahead to get to a bargain.3 .Her mother was excited. Your father has at last decided to stop smoking, “ Jane was informed(inform).5.1 got on the bus and found a seat near the back and then I noticed a man sitting at the front.He was pretending(pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giv

19、ing it a voice.6.ril go to the library as soon as I finish what I am doing(do).7.It is the most instructive lecture that I have attended(attend) since I came to this school.8.In the last few years thousands of films have been produced(produce) all over the world.9.By the time Jack returned home from

20、 England, his son had graduated(graduate) from college.10.Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who wears(wear) evening dress, n.单句改错(下列每句中有一处错误，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改，请指出 并改正。)t is the first time that he talked with his father face to face.talkedhas talked2 .The vase isnt bel

21、ong to him.isntf doesnt.She insisted that she organized the trip on her own.organizedorganize3 .In the last twenty years, great changes have been taken place in our country.去掉 have 后的 been 5.As time go by, online shopping is becoming more and more popular.gogoes.Ever since middle school, my sister W

22、ang Wei and I dreamed about taking a great bike trip.在 dieamed 前力口 have6 .Hardly I sat down when I heard the shocking news.在 I 前力口 had.The book has translated into thirty languages since it came on the market in 1973.在 translated 前 力口 been7 .The old man is happy because he is well taken care.在 care

23、后力口 of lO.The new teaching building was builded last year.buildedf built III.语篇填空(用括号中动词的正确形式填空)How have you managed not to take a drink for almost 20 years ? It 1.(take) me almost 20 years to have the courage to even ask my father this very personal question.When Dad first quit drinking, the whole

24、family was on pins and needles every time he got into a situation that, in the past, 2. (start) him drinking again.For a few years we were afraid to bring it up for fear the drinking 3. (begin) again.“I had this little poem that I would recite to myself at least four to five times a day, “ was Dads

25、reply to my 18 year-old unasked question.And then he 4.(share) the poem with me.About a month after this talk with my father, when I 5.(have) a rest, I received a gift in the mail from a friend of mine.lt was a book of daily affirmations with one affirmation listed for each day of the year.It 6.(be)

26、 my experience that when you 7.(get) something with days of the year on it, you 8. (turn) to the page that lists your own birthday.I hurriedly opened the book to November 10 to see what words of wisdom this book had in store for me.There, on my birthday, was the exact same poem that 9.(help) my fath

27、er for all these years! It 10.(call) the Serenity Prayer.【语篇导读】 一位十八岁的儿子鼓起勇气问出了怀揣了将近二十年的问题：父亲是如何成 功戒酒近二十年的。最后在朋友送的一本书上，正好在自己生日对应的那一页看到了父亲戒 酒期间鼓励自己的祷告，体现了父亲为了儿子而戒酒的浓浓的父爱。04/111 .took 从下文“For a few years we were afraid to.的were”可知，此处应该用一般过去时。 2.would have started 句意：“父亲最初戒酒时，一旦他陷入过去再次喝酒的情景时，整个家 庭就会坐立不

28、安。”从上文every time he got into a.”的谓语动词的过去式可知，此处表达 的是过去肯定会发生的事情。3.would begin 从句无谓语动词，且从上文“we were afraid to bring it up for fear”谓语动词 were 可知，此处缺少一个表示过去将来的谓语动词。4.shared 本句无谓语动词，从该句时间副词“then”可知，此处应为一般过去时。.was having 由when引起的时间状语从句中从句部分无谓语动词，故have在本句应作谓 语动词，又从主句的谓语动词received可知，当时作者应该是正在休息，收到礼物，故此处 应该填动

29、词的过去进行时，表示过去正在进行的动作。5 .has been 此句为it引导的形式主语从句，be在主句中作谓语动词；由下文的“my experience”可知这样的事情已经发生多次，已成经验，故用完成时态。.get 由when引起的从句缺少谓语动词，再由原文可知，这里表达的是一件经常发生的事 情，故用动词的一般现在时。6 .will turn 由when引起的时间状语从句中，从句的谓语动词get用一般现在时，主句就会 用一般将来时，表示将要发生的动作。.had helped 由于主句there+be句式的谓语动词be用过去时，而以the poem为先行词的定 语从句中无谓语动词，需要一个表示

30、发生在主句谓语动作之前的动作，故用过去完成时。 W.is called 句子无谓语动词，故call应作句子的谓语；而it与call之间是被动关系；文中 讲的是书名，应为客观存在的事实，故用一般现在时的被动语态。第二课时高考研究课动词的时态和语态在语法填空中的考查点规律方法“4步法”确定动词的时态和语态?第一步，确定句子是否缺少谓语：如果括号中给出的提示词是动词，首先要分析句子成分。 如果句子缺少谓语，那么空格处应填谓语动词，就要考虑使用合适的时态和语态。?第二步，确定时态：要根据具体的语境、时间状语或另一动词的时态来判断用哪种时态。?第三步，确定语态：语态要根据主语和谓语动词之间的逻辑关系确定

31、。主语和谓语动词之间 是主动关系时动词就应用主动语态，是被动关系时就应用被动语态。?第四步，确定主谓一致：要注意谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。真题验证1.Steam engines （use） to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.（2017全国卷 II）答案 were used 此处讲的是过去的事情，主语Steam engines和use之间是被动关系，所以 用一般过去时的被动语态。.Later, eng

32、ineers （manage） to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels（隧道），which became known as the Tube.（2017全国卷 H）答案 managed 此处讲的是过去的事情，所以用一般过去时，主语engineers和manage之 间是主动关系，故填managed。.When fat and salt （remove） from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.（2017全 国卷I）答案are removed 填空处在句中作谓语。

33、本文讲述的是现状，用一般现在时。主语是fat and salt,与remove之间是被动关系，故填are removedo .Sarah （tell）that she could be Britains new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year. （2017全国卷 III）答案has been told/was told 句意应为“有人告诉过Sarah,她可能是英国的一名新超模， 下一年能挣一百万美元”，故句子谓语应该使用现在完成时的被动语态。由于从句中的谓语 动词could be此处也可以使用一般过去时的被动语态。.

34、Sarah says, “My dad thinks I should take the offer now.But at the moment, school （come） first.I dont want to get too absorbed in modeling.” （2017全国卷III）答案comes 此句是直接引语，根据前后句子的谓语可知，动词come应该使用一般现在时。.Pahlsson and her husband （search）the kitchen, checking every corner, but turned up nothing. （2017,浙江卷）答

35、案searched 根据后面的but turned up nothing可知，此处描述的是过去发生的行为,故 要用一般过去时。.Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got （sweep）into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, where it remained until the carrots leafy top accidentally sprouted（生长）through it.（2017浙江卷）答案swept 戒指被扫进垃圾堆里。

36、主语the ring与动词sweep之间为被动关系，故此处要 用动词的过去分词形式。.Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and （be） too violent for use at06/11the table. （2016全国卷 III）答案 were 由前面谓语动词believed, would remind等使用过去时，可知此处be动词应使 用过去时。9.It was raining lightly when I （arrive） in Yangshuo just before dawn.（2015全国 卷

37、 I ） 答案 arrived 在句型“be doing.when”中，前半分句中使用了过去进行时，后半分句中 arrive应该使用过去时。lO.This cycle （go） day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset （抵消）for the outside temperatures.（2015全国卷 H） 答案goes 此处谓语动词陈述了一种客观真理。动词的时态和语态在短文改错中的考查点规律方法3 “从”原则

38、.从语篇和上下文整体把握时态；从时间状语上判断时态。1 .从连词前后看平行谓语动词的差异。2 .从主谓关系上判断主动或被动关系。真题验证21 .When summer came, they will invite their students to pick the fresh vegetables ! （2017全国卷 II） 答案came-*comes 本文整体用一般现在时，描述现状。此处主句是一般将来时，when引 导的时间状语从句用一般现在时表示将来，且从句主语为第三人称单数，故应用comes。2.Before getting into the car, I thought I had

39、 learned the instructors orders, but once I started the car, my mind goes blank.（2017全国卷 I ）答案goeswent 此处讲述的是发生在过去的事情，所以用一般过去时。3.1 had grown not only physically, but also mentally in the past few years,（2017全国卷III） 答案 hadhave 根据时间状语in the past few years可知，本句应用现在完成时。. About one month after this photo

40、 was took, I entered my second year of high school and became a new member of the school music club.（2017全国卷Hl）答案tooktaken 由句子结构可知，应该使用一般过去时的被动语态，故应用过去分词 taken o . About one month after this photo was taken, I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club.（20

41、17全国卷HI）答案 becomebecame 此句中的enter和become是并列谓语，应用一般过去时。4 .However, my parents didnt seem to think so.They always tell me what to do and how to do it.(2016 全国卷HI)答案telltold 由前句中的时态didnt seem”，可知，后句中的谓语动词应用过去时。 7.A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside the shop.(2015全国卷 II)答案telling-told

42、 由并列连词and可知，telling应该和前面的saw为平行的谓语动词，故 用 toldo .Tony was scared and begun to cry.(2015全国卷 II)答案 begunbegan 由并列连词and可知，begun应该和前面的was scared为平行的谓语 动词；且begun和主语Tony为主动关系，故用began。.Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very serious problem.(2015全国卷 I )答案 去掉been 根据语境可知，

43、show和主语studies为主动关系。第三课时写作增分课时态、语态在写作中的增分点一、洞察“过去、现在和将来”写对句子1 .我希望他度过一个愉快的生日。(hope, have a happy birthday)I hope that he has/will have a happy biithday.2 .我们快一点,火车4点30分开。(leave)Lets huny.The train leaves at 4： 30.3 .我在那个小学上过 6 年学。(study, the primary school, for)I studied in that primaiy school for s

44、ix years.4 .我不知道你已经出国了。(go abroad)I didnt know you had gone abroad.5 .如果你想上重点大学，你的英语必须很优秀。(be to, a key college, excellent)If you are to go to a key college, your English must be excellent.6 .像我们班主任这样的人理应受到尊重。(suchas, headteacher, be to, respect)Such people as oui headteacher are to be icspected.二、知

45、晓“何时完成”推敲句子.我的表弟已经回家了。他是上星期回家的。他已经走了一个星期了。他在这里呆了一个月。 (cousin, go back home, stay)My cousin has gone back home.He went home last week.He has been away for a week.He stayed here for a month.1 .他2016年搬到这里，自那之后他一直住在这里。(move, live, ever since)He moved here in 2016 and he has lived here ever since.2 .过去几年

46、中国发展得很快。(develop rapidly, past few years)China has developed lapidly in the past few yeais.3 .他感冒已经快一个星期了，他是上周一得的感冒。(have a cold, catch a cold)He has had a cold for almost a week.He caught the cold last Monday.4 .上星期他没去青岛旅游，因为他以前曾经去过。(visitQingdao)He didnt visit Qingdao last week, because he had bee

47、n there before.5 .到下周末为止，我离开家将有两个月了。(be away from, by the end of)By the end of next week, I will have been away 行om home for two months.三、善辨“何时进行”优化句子.我没有听懂我们老师说什么，因为我刚才在考虑别的事情。(catch, think about, something else) I didnt catch what our teacher said, because I was thinking about something else.1 .你不

48、必买那么贵的手机。科技发展很快，即使最新的型号也会很快就过时。(expensive, cell phone, technology, develop rapidly, the newest model, out of date)You neednt buy that expensive a cell phone.As technology is developing very lapidly, even the newest model will be out of date soon.2 .既然你总是玩电子游戏，你怎能赶上别人呢？ (how can, when, always, play video games) How can you catch up with others when you are always playing video games?3 .明天的这个时候我们就会在一起高兴地交谈。我急不可待地想见到你。(talk together happil