八年级上册英语外研版(新)各模块知识点归纳总结(完美).pdf
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1、英语初二上册重点知识点讲解Module 1 How to learn English 1pair n.(相关的)两个人,一对,一双,一副a pair of socksa pair of glovestwo pairs of trousers 一双袜子一副手套两条裤子e.g.A pair of teenage boys are watching a football game.两个青少年正在看足球赛。2correct(1)v.改正,纠正e.g.The teacher returned to her room to correct exercise books.老师回到房间去改练习本。Correc
2、t the spelling.纠正拼写。(2)adj.正确的;恰当的e.g.correct pronunciation 正确发音Do you have the correct time?你的表走得准吗?3advice(1)n.意思是“意见,建议”,为不可数名词,可用 some,much,a piece of,pieces of 等修饰,不能说 an advice或 many/a few advices。(2)表示“有关的建议”时,用介词 on,接名词、代词或由疑问词引导的不定式。e.g.Let s ask for his advice on what to do next.我们去征求一下他的意
3、见下一步该怎么办。常见搭配:take/follow ones advice接受某人的建议ask for advice 征求意见accept/refuse ones advice接受(拒绝)某人的建议offer advice to sb.向某人提供建议拓展:advise vt建议常见搭配:advise sb.to do sth.advise that sb.(should)do sth.e.g.My teacher advises me to leave now.老师建议我现在就离开。We advise measures(should)be taken to stop pollution at
4、once.我们建议立即采取措施以阻止污染。4We should always speak English in class.我们应该总是在课堂上说英语。should是情态动词,意思是“应该”。通常用来表示现在或将来的责任或义务。should/shouldnt do sth.e.g.He should work harder.他应该更加努力。You should help your mother with the housework.你们应该帮妈妈做家务。5Let s try to speak English as much as possible.让我们一起尽可能地说英语。(1)e.g.The
5、y are trying to study English well.他们正努力学好英语。I am trying doing it in this way.我正试着用这种方法做。We should try/do our best to help the people in trouble.我们应该尽最大努力帮助困境中的人们。(2)译为“尽量”、“尽最大努力(可能)”,主要用于as.as possible/one can。e.g.You should rest as much as possible.你应当尽量多休息。I have helped you as much as I can.Now
6、it is up to you.我已尽我所能地帮助你了。现在该看你自己了。6Each time you will learn something new.I also advise you to talk about the films or songs with your friends.每次你将会学习一些新东西。我也建议你和朋友们谈论电影或歌曲。time 的用法:(1)time 侧重指“时间”这一概念,或说明“时间”的量,time 用作不可数名词,前面可 much,little,a lot of,plenty of 等修饰。e.g.This saves time and allows fa
7、rmers to grow an extra crop in each season.这节省了时间,使农民能够在每个季节中多种点庄稼。(2)当作“次数;倍数”讲时,time 是可数名词。e.g.I have been to Beijing three times.我去过北京三次。(3)time 构成的短语:at a time一次,每一次at one time曾经,一度at times/from time to time有时,偶尔all the time总是,一直in time及时,迟早on time准时(4)time 构成的句型:It s time for sb.to do sth./Its(
8、high)time sb.did sth.该是某人干 的时间了。e.g.It s time for children to go to bed.是小孩睡觉的时候了。It s high time that we started.我们该出发了。each time(每次),next time(下次),the first/last time(第一次/最后一次 的时候)等词组引导的时间状语从句。e.g.The last time I went to China,I visited Shanghai.我上次到中国时,游览了上海。14I suggest you write four or five word
9、s a day on pieces of paper and place them in your room.我建议你一天把四个或者五个单词写在纸上并且放在你的房间里。suggest,做动词,表示“建议,提议”的意思,对应的名词是suggestion。suggest的用法:e.g.She suggested an early start.她建议早一点出发。I suggested his/him giving up the foolish idea.我建议他放弃那愚蠢的念头。She suggested that the class meeting(should)not be held on Sa
10、turday.她建议班会不要在星期六举行。注意:当 suggest表示“暗示,表明”的意思,它后面接宾语从句,谓语用真实的时态,而不用“should+动词原形”。e.g.他脸上的表情表明他很开心。()The expression on his face suggested that he should be very happy.()The expression on his face suggested that he was very happy 游览了上海。Module 2 My home town and my country 1It is on the River Cam and h
11、as a population of about 120,000.它(剑桥)位于康河河畔,人口约为12 万。population n.意思是“人口,居民”,它是一个集体名词,它的用法有时较为特殊,所以很容易用错。population 常与定冠词 the 连用,作主语用时,谓语动词常用第三人称单数形式。e.g.The world s population is increasing faster and faster.全世界的人口增长得越来越快。当主语是表示“人口的百分之几、几分之几”时,谓语动词用复数形式。e.g.About seventy percent of the population
12、in China are farmers.中国大约有百分之七十的人口是农民。有时 population 可用作可数名词,其前可用不定冠词。e.g.China has a population of about 1.3 billion.=There is a population of about 1.3 billion in China.中国大约有十三亿人口。表示人口的“多”或“少”,不用“much”或“little”,而要用“large”或“small”。e.g.India has a large population.印度人口众多。Singapore has a small populat
13、ion.新加坡人口少。询问某国、某地有多少人口时,不用“How much.?”,而用“How large.?”。在问具体人口时用“What.?”。e.g.What is the population of Canada?=How large is the population of Canada?加拿大的人口有多少?The population of Canada is about 29 million.加拿大的人口大约有二千九百万。2It has a population of about seven and a half million,so it is bigger and busier
14、 than Cambridge.它(伦敦)大约有750 万人口,所以比剑桥更大更繁忙。(1)million 是数词,意思是“百万”。它的用法如下:当与具体数字连用时,习惯上用单数,而且也不后接介词of。e.g.three million people 三百万人He was prepared to pay two million.他愿意支付 200 万。但是,后面的名词有了the,these,those 等特指限定词修饰时,或其后的接的是us,them 这样的人称代词时,则此时必须用介词of。e.g.About three million of them have left there.他们当中
15、约有三百万人离开了那儿。当不与具体数字连用,而是表示不确定的泛指数时,则不仅要用复数,而且要后接介词 of,然后才能接名词。e.g.A careless mistake cost the company millions of pounds.一个粗心的错误使公司蒙受数百镑的损失。拓展:与 million 有相同用法的数词还有:hundred(百),thousand(千),billion(十亿)。本节课主要学习形容词的比较级的规则变化及用法。(1)规则变化:类别构成方法原级比较级单音节词和少数双音节词一般直接加-er long tall longer taller 不发音的 e 结尾时加-r l
16、ate large later larger 辅音字母加 y 结尾时把 y 变 i,再加-er easy happy easier happier 重读闭音节结尾并且只有一个辅音字母时,双写最后的辅音字母,再加-er big hot bigger hotter(2)形容词比较级用法 表示两者进行比较时用形容词比较级,最明显的提示词是than,其结构为“A+比较级+than+B”。e.g.Li Lei s room is bigger than mine.李雷的房间比我的大。This mooncake is nicer than that one.这块月饼比那块好吃。有表示程度的副词a litt
17、le,a bit,a few,a lot,much,even,still,far,rather,any 等修饰时,用形容词比较级。e.g.I feel even worse now.我现在觉得更难受了。It is much colder today than before.今天比以前冷得多。比较级前面可以加上表示具体数量差别的结构,表示具体“大多少”,“小多少”,“长多少”,“短多少”等。e.g.I am two years older than he.我比他大两岁。This building is 20 meters higher than that one.这栋楼房比那栋高20 米。表示“
18、两者之间最 一个(of the two)”时,常用“the+比较级”结构。e.g.Mary is the taller of the twins.Mary 是双胞胎中的高个子。表示“越来越”,用比较级重叠结构,即“比较级+and+比较级”,多音节词和部分双音节词时用“more and more+形容词原级”。e.g.It s getting warmer and warmer in spring.春天天气变得越来越暖和。Our home town is becoming more and more beautiful.我们的家乡越来越漂亮了Module 3 Sports 节课进一步学习形容词和
19、副词的比较级的规则变化和不规则变化(1)规则变化:类别构成方法原级比较级多音节词和部分双音节词在原级前加 more careful beautiful more careful more beautiful 在原级前加 less important useful less important less useful(2)不规则变化:原级比较级good/well(身体好的)better many/much more bad/ill worse little less far farther(较远)further(进一步)old older elder(较年长的)(3)形容词和副词比较级用法 表示
20、两者进行比较时用比较级,最明显的提示词是than,其结构为“A+比较级+than+B”。e.g.The sun is bigger than the moon.太阳比月亮更大。This painting is nicer than that one.这幅绘画比那幅更漂亮。有表示程度的副词a little,a bit,a few,a lot,much,even,still,far,rather,any 等修饰时,用比较级。e.g.I feel even better now.我现在觉得好多了。It is much cooler today than before.今天比以前凉爽得多。比较级前面可
21、以加上表示具体数量差别的结构,表示具体“大多少”,“小多少”,“长多少”,“短多少”等。e.g.This house is 10 meters higher than that one.这栋楼房比那栋高10 米。表示“两者之间最 一个(of the two)”时,常用“the+比较级”结构。e.g.Mary is the fatter of the twins.Mary 是双胞胎中较胖的。表示“越来越”,用比较级重叠结构,即“比较级+and+比较级”,多音节词和部分双音节词时用“more and more+形容词原级”。e.g.It s getting warmer and warmer in
22、 spring.春天天气变得越来越暖和。Our city is becoming more and more beautiful.我们的城市越来越漂亮了。表示“越就越”时,用“the+比较级,the+比较级”结构。e.g.The busier he is,the happier he feels.他越忙越高兴。Module 4 Planes,ships and trains(1)规则变化:类别构成方法原级最高级单音节词和少数双音节词一般直接加-est long tall longest tallest 不发音的 e结尾时加-st late large latest largest 辅音字母加
23、y 结尾时把 y 变 i,再加-est easy happy easiest happiest 重读闭音节结尾并且只有一个辅音字母时,双写最后的辅音字母,再加-est big hot biggest hottest 多音节词和部分双音节词在原级前加 most careful beautiful most careful most beautiful 在原级前加 least important useful least important least useful(2)不规则变化:原级最高级good/well(身体好的)best many/much most bad/ill worst litt
24、le least far farthest(更远的)furthest(最大程度)old oldest eldest(较年长的)(3)形容词最高比较级用法 表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时,用最高级形式。形容词最高级前必须加定冠词 the,句末常跟一个 in/of 短语来表示范围。(of 表示同范围,in 表示不同范围)e.g.He is the strongest of the three boys.在三个男孩子中,他是最强壮的。Shanghai is the biggest city in China.上海是中国最大的城市。表示在三者或三者以上的人或物进行选择时,用“Which/Who
25、is+the+最高级,A,B or C?”结构。e.g.Which city is the most beautiful,Beijing,Shanghai or Fuzhou?哪个城市最漂亮,北京,上海还是福州?表示“最的之一”时,用“one of the+形容词最高级”结构,该形容词后面的名词要用复数形式。e.g.Zhou Jielun is one of the most popular singers.周杰伦是最受欢迎的歌星之一。形容词最高级前面可以加序数词,表示“第几最”。e.g.The Changjiang River is the first longest river in Ch
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