2018高中英语阅读理解技巧及其习题.pdf

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1、.-优选阅读理解方法及技巧（一）阅读是获得更综合、更复杂、更精确信息的必要手段，考生在做阅读理解时，不仅要看懂文章的字面意思，还需要针对不同题材和体裁的篇目运用不同的方法作出正确的选择。一般来说，词汇、阅读速度和理解能力是阅读理解中三个最重要并且有相互联系的因素。阅读的方法可以使用以下几种：1.跳读：就是快速的一步阅读法。实际上是有选择阅读，找关键词。用这种阅读方法回答who、what、when、where 之类的问题最为有效。2.略读：指比跳读慢些的二步阅读法。即泛泛地、粗略地快速阅读，目的是了解大意，对文章有个总的概念。此种阅读方法能回答why、how 之类的问题。3.精读：即最细致、最慢

2、的深层阅读方法，目的是求得对所读文章的全部意义的理解与掌握。在使用阅读技巧时尽量做到以下几点：1.带着问题阅读短文。2.找出主题句、确定中心思想。3.推断单词、句子和文章的含义。4.尽快选择答案。（二）不同体裁文章的特点及解题技巧1.记叙文记叙文又可分传记类和故事类。传记类文章在阅读中时间是全文的关键，根据时间我们可以找到相关的事件，抓住文章的主要容。故事类文章情节性较强，阅读时要注意故事中的时间、地点、人物和发生的事件，这些都是文章中的主要容和信息，对于准确理解文章十分重要。2.说明文说明文是对事物的形状、性质、特征、成果或功用等进行介绍，解释或阐述的文章。把握所说明事物的特征和本质是理解说

3、明文的关键。说明事物特征的方法很多，主要有定义法、解释法、比较法、比喻法、数字法、图表法、引用法和举例法等。数字说明文在阅读数字说明文时要特别注意文中数字的含义，从这些数字中可以找到文章的主要容。解释说明文解释说明文着重说明事物的本质、特征和功用等。许多科普文章都属于这一类。在阅读这类文章时要学会解决what,how,why 等一类的问题。它们是文章的关键。如能带着这些问题阅读，将会更迅速抓住文章的主题。比较说明文比较说明文是通过对比方法说明问题。在阅读这类文章时要善于把握全篇述的基本倾向。作者在谈论一个有争议的问题时总要顾及到争议的各个方面。但是，在一般情况下，作者的述总要倾向于某一种观点。

4、应用文应用文涉及的围比较广，包括广告、通知、书信等。应用文一般语言简洁，省略及不规的句子较多。阅读时一般要求考生全面掌握文章中提供的信息，并运用这些信息去解决问题。因此对.-优选题干的理解尤为重要。（三）不同类型问题的解题方法与技巧1.主旨大意类题型主旨大意类题型主要测试学生对文章全面理解和概括的能力，提问的容可能是全文的大意，也可能是某段的段落大意。一般不易在文中直接找到答案。1）常见提问方式What is the topic of the text(NMET 93)The text is mainly about _.(NMET95)Whats the main point the wri

5、ter is trying to make in the last paragraph(NMET 98)What would be the best title for the text(2004 全国)This article mainly tells about the story of _(NMET99)The writers purpose in writing this story is _.(NMET 2000)The subject discussed in this text is _.(NMET 2000)What does the text mainly describe(

6、2004 全国)2）解题方法A.分析篇章结构，找出文章主题B.全面分析细节，准确概括大意C.抓住文章主线，归纳文章中心A.分析篇章结构，找出文章主题在许多情况下，尤其在阅读说明文和议论文时，根据其篇章特点我们可以通过仔细阅读短文的第一句或第二句,即文章的主题句来归纳出文章的主题。若短文由若干段组成，除仔细阅读第一段的首句外，还须仔细阅读每一段的第一句，即段落中心。还有些文章中心句在全文的最后。此类文章往往以列举事实开头，通过论证最后阐述核心观点。因此，仔细阅读这类文章或段落的首尾句是关键。（00C-59）Decision-thinking is not unlike pokerit often

7、 matters not only what you think,but also what others think you think and what you think they think you think.The mental process(过程)is similar.The subject discussed in the text is_.Athe process of reaching decisions Bthe difference between poker and chess Cthe secret of making good business plans Dt

8、he value of information in winning games B.全面分析细节，准确概括大意在阅读中一定要对文章中提供的信息进行全面的分析。既不能片面行事，亦不可随意扩大。在解题时一定要仔细分析文章的细节，找出共同点，然后才能做出准确的判断。C.抓住文章主线，归纳文章中心有些文章像记叙文，主题思想不是通过一两句话就可以表达的。这时就需要通过阅读全文，抓住关键字或主要论题来归纳中心思想。2.推测判断类题型要求考生纵观全文，在掌握全文提供的各项信息的基础上进行正确的逻辑推理，推断作者的意.-优选图；人物的动机、目的、性格特征；事件的前因后果；语言中的语气等。此类题属于深层理解题

9、，难度最大。但要取得高分就必须抓好此类考题。1）常见提问方式We can infer from the text that“puter-literate”means _.(NMET 99)From the text,we learn that the diary is now owned by _.(NMET99)Vanvergarges remark suggests that _.(NMET 98)After reading the story,what can we infer aboutthe hospital(NMET 96)What did Greg Rota probably d

10、o in the end（2004 全国）在推测判断题中典型的常用词汇有：infer,imply,suggest 和 conclude。此外提问中也可能含有表示推测的情态动词，如 can,could,would,might 等和其它表示可能性的副词，如 probably,most likely 等。From the text we know that Dagmar is most likely _.(NMET 96)Which of the following might have happened afterwards(NMET 91)This text is most probably t

11、aken from a _.(NMET 94)In the writers opinion,a good stage school should _.(NMET 99)This text most probably appears in .（2004 全国）2）解题方法A.利用已知信息，进行逻辑推理B.结合一般常识，分析提供信息C.注意表层意思，悟出深层含义A.利用已知信息，进行逻辑推理推理判断题的答案一般在文中不可能直接找到，但这并不意味着读者可以随意判断。解答此类题时必须充分利用文中所提供的信息进行合乎逻辑的推断。在做这类题时必须要注意两点：第一，要分清题目是问作者的观点还是读者的观点，二

12、者不可混淆。第二，不要脱离原文凭自己意愿乱推测或只凭常识推测。所做出的答案一定要在文中直接或间接找到依据或理由。B.结合一般常识,分析提供信息在对文章进行分析判断时，有时在文章所提供信息的基础上，读者还需要运用一般常识进行合理推断。C.注意表层意思,悟出深层含义在进行阅读判断时还要注意在语篇层面上进行深层的连贯性思考，要学会去伪存真、由表及里去推测作者的真正意图。考试中这类题目不多但是难度较大，极易失分。3.细节类题型细节题的考查每年高考中都有一定比例。一般难度较低，属于浅层理解题，得分率较高。The reason Father was in a hurry to get home was t

13、hat he _.（99D-63）A wasnt feeling very well B hated to drive in the dark C wanted to take some exercise Ddidnt want to be caught by the police 表层信息是：daughter:you cant be healthyfather:could go for a run 深层信息是：.-优选father:wants to be healthy so he goes for a run every day was driving fast so that he co

14、uld go for a run daughter:knew why he was driving so fast noticed that he didnt wear his safety belt 1）常见提问方式以 what,which,where 等疑问词开头,后接短文具体容提问；以 from the text,according to 开头,后接短文具体容提问；以某个细节提问；以 true,not true 提问；就文中细节进行简单计算、排序、识图等提问。2）解题方法细节类题型的共同特点是：就文中某一个事实或细节提问。要求考生在文中找出相关的事实或细节。此类题型的解题方法是：抓住提问

15、中的关键词，仔细阅读文章中的相关容，一般可以在文章中直接找到或稍加归纳就可以找到正确答案。NMET 1999-A-54 Which of the following shows the right order of what happened to the diary a-Tom Brennan found the book in an office building b-The book was shown to James Green c-Cory Luxmoore arrived from England d-The book was left behind in a taxi A.a,

16、b,c,d B.c,b,d,a C.a,c,d,b,D.c,a,b,d 在做细节题时一定要具有迅速获取有效信息的能力。按考试说明规定做阅读题的时间是35 分钟，但在考试中一般学生做阅读题都超过了这一规定时间。问题在于考生阅读速度太慢，缺乏一定的阅读技巧。有些阅读材料如新闻报道，故事，应用文体等在阅读时不必逐字逐句去理解，可先进行快速略读（skim）领会文章大概意思，再看题目，然后根据题目要求再扫读（scan）文章，获取相关信息。与题目无关的容完全不必费时去理会。NMET02C 64.Which theatre offers the cheapest seat 65.If you want to

17、 see a play with old jokes and songs,which phone number will you ring to book a seat 66.We may learn from the text that Sue Townsend is _.4.猜测词义类题型在阅读中常要求学生猜测某些单词或短语的意思。历年高考中均有此类题目。有的文章尽管没有专门设题，但由于文章中常常出现生词，因此，词义的猜测还是贯穿在文章的阅读理解之中。解这类题目一般是通过上下文去理解或根据构词法去猜测。猜测词义的具体方法是：1）从文章段落句子的结构去推测词义。2）借助作者对词义的解释。3）

18、从上下文的对比中猜到词义。4）运用常识进行判断。5）根据生词所在句子的容断定词义。根据段落或文章猜测词义，是一种难度较大且复杂的阅读技能。掌握这种技能的关键在于准确.-优选全面理解段落或全文的容，并且灵活地运用猜测句子的多种综合技能，才能达到猜测词义的理想效果。The underlined phrase“figure out”in the text means _.（97A-54）A.work out B.add up C.guess D.study The underlined word“leg”in“Bicycle tour and race”probably means _.(96E 6

19、8)A.race B.practice C.part of the training D.part of the tour 02E74)What does the underlined word“hassle”（paragraph 1）probably mean A.A party designed by specialists B.A plan requiring careful thought C.A situation causing difficulty or trouble D.A demand made by guests（04 全国 74）The underlined word“

20、land”in the last paragraph probably means .A.keep for some time B.successful get C.immediately start D.lose regretful（05 全国 44）The underlined word“chapter”in paragraph 2 means_.Aone branch of an organization Ba written agreement of a club Cone part of a collection of poems Da period in a societys hi

21、story 阅读理解1、O.Henry was a pen name used by an American writer of short stories.His real name was William Sydney Porter.He was born in North Carolina in 1862.As a young boy he lived an exciting life.He did not go to school for very long,but he managed to teach himself everything he needed to know.Whe

22、n he was about 20 years old,O.Henry went to Texas,where he tried different jobs.He first worked on a newspaper,and then had a job in a bank,when some money went missing from the bank O.Henry was believed to have stolen it.Because of that,he was sent to prison.During the three years in prison,he lear

23、ned to write short stories.After he got out of prison,he went to New York and continued writing.He wrote mostly about New York and the life of the poor there.People liked his stories,because simple as the tales were,they would finish with a sudden change at the end,to the readers surprise.1.In which

24、 order did O.Henry do the following things a.Lived in New York.b.Worked in a bank.c.Travelled to Texas.d.Was put in prison.e.Had a newspaper Job.f.Learned to write stories.A.e.c.f.b.d.a B.c.e.b.d.f.a C.e.b.d.c.a.f.D.c.b.e.d.a f.2.People enjoyed reading O.Henry s stories because A.they had surprise e

25、ndings B.they were easy to understand C.they showed his love for the poor D.they were about New York City.-优选3.O.Henry went to prison because.A.people thought he had stolen money from the newspaper B.he broke the law by not using his own name C.he wanted to write stories about prisoners D.people tho

26、ught he had taken money that was not his 4.What do we know about O.Henry before he began writing A.He was well-educated.B.He was not serious about his work.C.He was devoted to the poor.D.He was very good at learning.5.Where did O.Henry get most material for his short stories A.His life inside the pr

27、ison.B.The newspaper articles he wrote.C.The city and people of New York.D.His exciting early life as a boy.2、One day a few years ago a very funny thing happened to a neighbour of mine.He is a teacher at one of Londons big medical schools,He had finished his teaching for the summer term and was at t

28、he airport on his way to Russia to give a lecture.He had put a few clothes and his lecture notes in his shoulder bag,but he had put Rupert,the skeleton(人体骨骼)to be used in his lecture,in a large brown suitcase(箱子).At the airport desk,he suddenly thought that he had forgotten to buy a newspaper.He lef

29、t his suitcase near the desk and went over to the shop.When he got back he discovered that someone had taken his suitcase by mistake.He often wonders what they said when they got home and found Rupert.1.Who wrote the story A.Ruperts teacher.B.The neighbours teacher.C.A medical school teacher.D.The t

30、eachers neighbour.2.Why did the teacher put a skeleton in his suitcase A.He needed it for the summer term in London.B.He needed it for the lecture he was going to give.C.He wanted to take it to Russia for medical research.D.He wanted to take it home as he had finished his teaching.3.What happened at

31、 the airport A.The skeleton went missing.B.The skeleton was stolen.C.The teacher forgot his suitcase.D.The teacher took the wrong suitcase.4.Which of the following best tells the teachers feeling about the incident A.He is very angry.B.He thinks it rather funny.C.He feels helpless without Rupert.D.H

32、e feels good without Rupert.5.Which of the following might have happened afterwards A.The teacher got back the suitcase but not Rupert.B.The teacher got back neither the suitcase nor Rupert.C.The teacher got back Rupert but not the suitcase.D.The teacher got back both the suitcase and Rupert.3、On th

33、e evening of June 21,1992,a tall man with brown hair and blue eyes entered the beautiful hall of the Bell Tower Hotel in Xi an with his bicycle.The hotel workers received him and telephoned the manager,for they had never seen a bicycle in the hotel ball before though they lived in“the kingdom of bic

34、ycles.”.-优选Robert Friedlander,an American,arrived in Xian on his bicycle trip across Asia which started last December in New Delhi,India.When he was 11,he read the book Marco Polo and made up his mind to visit the Silk Road.Now,after 44 years,he was on the Silk Road in Xi an and his early dreams wer

35、e ing true.Robert Friedlanders next destinations(目的地)were Lanzhou,Dunhuang,Urumqi,etc.He will plete his trip in Pakistan.1.The best headline(标题)for this newspaper article would be .A.The Kingdom of Bicycles B.A Beautiful Hotel in Xi an C.Marco Polo and the Silk Road D.An American Achieving His Aims

36、2.The hotel workers told the manager about Friedlander ing to the hotel because.A.he asked to see the manager B.he entered the hall with a bike C.the manager had to know about all foreign guests D.the manager knew about his trip and was expecting him 3.Friedlander is visiting the three countries in

37、the following order,.A.China,India,and Pakistan B.India,China,and Pakistan C.Pakistan,China,and India D.China,Pakistan,and India 4.What made Friedlander want to e to China A.The stories about Marco Polo.B.The famous sights in Xi an.C.His interest in Chinese silk.D.His childhood dreams about bicycles

38、.5.Friedlander can be said to be.A.clever B.friendly C.hardworking D.strongminded 4、Mr.Grey was the manager of a small office in London.He lived in the country,and came up to work by train.He liked walking from the station to his office unless it was raining,because it gave him some exercise.One mor

39、ning he was walking along the street when a stranger stopped him and said to him,“You may not remember me,sir,but seven years ago I came to London without a penny in my pockets,I stopped you in this street and asked you to lend me some money,and you lent me 5,because you said you were willing to tak

40、e a chance so as to give a man a start on the way to success.”Mr Grey thought for a few minutes and then said,“Yes,I remember you.Go on with your story!”“Well,”answered the stranger,“are you still willing to take a chance”1.How did Mr.Grey get to his office A.He went up to work by train.B.He walked

41、to his office.C.He went to his office on foot unless it rained.D.He usually took a train to the station and then walked to his office if the weather was fine.2.Mr Grey liked walking to his office because _.A.he couldnt afford the buses B.he wanted to save money C.he wanted to keep in good health D.h

42、e could do some exercises on the way 3.Mr.Grey had been willing to lend money to a stranger in order to_ A.give him a start in life B.help him on the way to success C.make him rich D.gain more money 4.One morning the stranger recognized Mr.Grey,and_.-优选A.wanted to return Mr.Grey the money B.again as

43、ked Mr.Grey for money C.would like to make friends with him D.told Mr.Grey that he had been successful since then 5.In the second paragraph,“take a chance”means _.A.Mr.Gray happened to meet a stranger B.Mr.Grey had a chance to help a stranger C.Mr.Grey helped a stranger by chance D.Mr.Grey took the

44、risk that the stranger would not give back the money which he lent him 5、Even if you are a good high-jumper,you can jump only about seven feet off the ground.You cannot jump any higher because the earth pulls you hard.The pull of the earth is called gravity.You can easily find out the pull of the ea

45、rth.If you weigh yourself,you will know how much gravity is pulling you.Since there is gravity,water runs down hill.When you throw a ball into the air,it falls back down.Because of gravity,you do not fall off the earth as it whirls(旋转)around.Then,can we get away from the earth and go far out into sp

46、ace Now you can do it,because spaceships have been invented.Then spaceship will go so fast that it can escape(逃出)the earths gravity and carry you into space.1.In this passage,the word“gravity”means.A.the pull of everything.B.the force of attraction(吸引)among objects.C.the force which attracts objects

47、 towards the centre of the earth D.the force which attracts the earth towards the sun.2.When you slip(滑)you always fall to the ground because A.the earth always turns round.B.the earth has gravity C.the earths gravity is greater than your weight.D.you are careless.3.Gravity is strong that A.it can t

48、hrow a ball into the air.B.it makes you jump only seven feet.C.it can let you fly away from the earth.D.it can keep everything on earth.4.Because of gravity,A.water flows everything.B.we can go everywhere by ship.C.water always flows downwards.D.fish can live in water.5.We can get away from the eart

49、h by spaceship because A.the spaceship goes very fast.B.the earth can t pull the spaceship.C.the spaceship has a strong force.D.the spaceship can jump higher than other things.6、An expensive car speeding down the main street of a small town was soon caught up with by a young motorcycle policeman.As

50、he started to make out the ticket,the woman behind the wheel said proudly,“Before you go any further,young man,I think you should know that the mayor of this city is a good friend of mine.”The officer did not say a word,but kept writing.“I am also a friend of chief of police Barens,”continued the wo