天津大学研究生2011级期末英语考试题.pdf

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1、.1/13 ENGLISH PROFICIENCY EXAM FOR NON-ENGLISH MAJOR POSTGRADUATE STUDENTS TIANJIN UNIVERSITY Jan.5th,2012 PART 1:Vocabulary(20%)Directions:In this part,there are 20 incomplete sentences.For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A,B,C,and D.Choose the one that best completes the sentence.Mark you

2、r answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.1.Mutual endeavor has shaped our world,and mutualism,the belief that individual and collective well-being is obtainable only by mutual dependence,_ family life,relationships and society.A.underpins B.overstates C.underlines D.overcom

3、es 2.A man of original power can never be _ within the limits of a single field of interest and activity,nor can he ever be content to bear the marks and use the skill of a single occupation.A.located B.liberated C.committed D.confined 3.As a result of technological convergence and progress in digit

4、ization,the laboratories of computer technology and consumer electronics firms are _ in the race for innovation and sophistication.A.searching B.competing C.intervening D.absorbing 4.The degree in which a man _ his work and gives it the quality of his own mind and spirit is the measure of his succes

5、s in giving his nature free and full expression.A.demolishes B.standardizes C.individualizes D.abolishes 5.In common with other developed economies,Britain has advocated the creation of a high-skilled,high-waged economy by _ the education and skills of its workforce.A.renewing B.overthrowing C.decre

6、asing D.upgrading 6.No one on the planet is going to escape the effects of global warming,and for billions the resulting environmental deterioration is going to make life _more difficult.A.considerably B.terminally C.originally D.regularly 7.Digital television will enable users to access awide range

7、 of new services,such as pay-per-view TV,the downloading of video games or software,orchannels _ in sports.2/13 or teleshopping.A.interfering B.specializing C.participating D.consisting 8.Earthquakes are immensely destructive,mainly because most cities in regions of high seismic risk are dominated b

8、y buildings that are simply not built well enough to _the severe ground shaking of a major quake.A.sustain B.withstand C.guarantee D.inspect 9.By giving students access to a new world of information,sparking creativity,and _ rich communication and collaboration across vast distances,computers have l

9、ong been a powerful tool for education.A.preventing B.disrupting C.facilitating D.manipulating 10.While more and more women are _ roles as managers,a new study reveals that these women are increasingly turning to the stereotypically more male traits,such as aggression,to get results.A.defining B.ass

10、uming C.regarding D.interpreting 11.The potential negative effects of violent video games on adolescent antisocial behavior,and youth violence _,is a highly debated issue,both in academic circles and among the general public and policy makers.A.on average B.on purpose C.in particular D.in advance 12

11、.A new digital watermarking system not only protects music and media files from online pirates but also ensures that the quality for _users is as good as it gets.A.unauthorized B.temporary C.malicious D.legitimate 13.There is relatively little _of opinion and scholarship about whether generational d

12、ifferences exist that are worth taking into consideration in the workplace,colleges,and universities,and other contexts.A.permission B.minority C.absence D.consensus 14.Young people s worlds have changed in a variety of ways,many of which have a _on the sort of education and training that they deman

13、d.A.contact B.bearing C.lead D.stake 15.Nowadays graduates in the labor market are expected to be flexible,to direct and steer their own work as well as that of others,to take responsibility and to mould jobs to make best use.3/13 of their _ in the global market economy.A.expectations B.blunders C.c

14、ompetencies D.defects 16.No generation is more at ease with online,collaborative technologies than today s young people“digital natives,who have grown up in a/n _computing environment.A.immersive B.emergent C.hostile D.rural 17.Whereas university research and development departments may once have be

15、en the primary arena for testing new tools and theories,the survey data reveal that corporations now have the _in adopting new innovations.A.right B.edge C.control D.license 18.Access to technology in school is particularly important _ increasing disparities in technology access outside of school.A.

16、in tune with B.in line with C.in need of D.in light of 19.Taking an international overview on anything,in this case the out-of-school education of the gifted and talented,offers _which can sometimes cut right across anyone s cultural assumptions.A.perspectives B.prosecutions C.obligations D.objectio

17、ns 20.Obesity is a national health crisis and if current trends continue,it will soon _smoking in the U.S.as the biggest single factor in early death,reduced quality of life and added health care costs.A.distinguish B.modify C.imitate D.surpass PART 2:Cloze(15%)Directions:In this part of the test,yo

18、u ll read an incomplete passage with1 5 blanks.Read the passage carefully,and choose the best answer from choices marked A,B,C and D.Then on your ANSWER SHEET,find the number of the question and mark your answer with a single line through the center.One of the greatest assets a manager can have is a

19、 happy and satisfied team of employees.However,building such a team is a _21_.Unless you re in senior management,you may be limited _22_ the amount of compensation or the promotion opportunities you can provide to your employees.Fortunatel y,these aren t the only factors that influence employee job

20、satisfaction,or _23_ the most important.Providing tangible proof to your employees that their efforts are recognized,while often.4/13 _24_ as secondary to other factors,is still very important.Reasonable employees will understand that wage increases do have their limits,_25_ they expect to be adequa

21、tely compensated.However,other types of incentives,such as bonuses or prizes for the _26_ achievers in key performance categories,can be just as effective.It is crucial that both increases and other monetary incentives be performance _27_.Employees should always receive greater rewards and more reco

22、gnition when they are giving a higher quality of work._28_ being fair,of course,it also sends the message that the organization values and recognizes those who _29_ their jobs instead of just doing the bare minimum.The culture and the work environment factor highly into employee job satisfaction.Emp

23、loyees who enjoy being around their coworkers and respect their management team are more _30_ to stay in a job when they agree with the company s goals and values.Another major _31_ to job satisfaction is how the employee feels about their role and responsibilities.Studies show _32_ those surveyed a

24、bout their level of job satisfaction have cited factors such as the desire for _ 33_ in their work,having a variety of tasks to _34_,being properly trained and equipped to do their jobs,and having work that is challenging and requires thought and creativity.Employees looking to _35_ a company will h

25、ave an interest in their personal development and opportunities for advancement as well.Above all,employees want to feel that both they and their work are valued and appreciated by the company.21.A.blessing B.handicap C.challenge D.failure 22 A.in favor of B.in terms of C.on behalf of D.on top of 23

26、.A.necessarily B.viciously C.accurately D.collectively 24.A.to rank B.being ranked 25.C.ranked A.therefore C.otherwise D.ranks B.unless D.but 26.A.top B.bottom C.low D.peak 27.A.driving B.driven 28.C.counting A.In addition to C.With regard to D.counted B.Regardless of D.For the sake of 29.A.speciali

27、ze in B.excel at.5/13 C.draw on D.ward off 30.A.subject B.likely C.contrary D.loyal 31.A.advantage B.obstacle C.response D.contributor 32.A.that B.how C.when D.whether 33 A.authorship B.automation C.autonomy D.authority 34.A.adopt B.undergo C.perform D.supply 35.A.depart from C.interfere in B.confin

28、e to D.stay with Part 3:Reading Comprehension(40%)Directions:In this part of the test,there are 4 passages.After each passage there are 5 questions or unfinished statements followed by 4 choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that can best answer the question or complete the statement,and then on

29、 your ANSWER SHEET,find the number of the question and mark your answer with a single line through the center.Passage 1 It seems only natural that happiness should flow from having more money.Even if they don t admit it,people still behave as though it were true.More money means you can have what yo

30、u want and do what you want.The house you dream of?It s yours.The new car you desire?Here are the keys.The freedom to enjoy your favorite pastimes?Here s your racket,the court is down there,just past the pool.So the puzzle is this:why do social scientists consistently find only moderate relationship

31、s between having more money and being happy?Some have even suggested that this moderate connection might be exaggerated.In reality money might have very little to do with happiness at all.Most puzzling,though,is that people often seem aware at some level that money won t make them happy.And yet they

32、 continue to work away earning money they don t objectively need.First,though,lets look at the three reasons money doesn t make us happy:It s relative income that s important.As I ve noted previously,money is relative.It turns out we don t mind so much about our actual level of income,so long as we

33、re earning more than other people around us.Unfortunately as we earn more money we re likely to be surrounded by richer people so we often end up failing to take advantage of the positive comparison.Material goods don t make us happy.Acquiring things like houses and cars only have a transient effect

34、 on happiness.People s desires for material possessions crank up at the same,or greater rate,than their salaries.Again,this means that despite considerably more luxurious.6/13 possessions,people end up no happier.There s even evidence that materialism make us less happy.People don t shift to enjoyab

35、le activities when they are rich.This may be because of the focusing illusion .When people think about earning more money they probably imagine they would use the money on recreational activities.In fact,to earn the money,they have to spend more time at work,and commuting to and from work.These thre

36、e reasons naturally raise the question of why psychological findings are so out of step with people s everyday experience.Surely if money doesn t lead to happiness,most people would have worked that out by now.So why do people still chase the mighty dollar/pound/yen like their lives depended on it?N

37、obel-prize winning psychologist Daniel Kahneman and colleagues put forward the idea that the reason people continue to think money makes them happier is that chasing it leads to conventional achievements.Conventional achievements include things like getting that coveted promotion or being able to af

38、ford that big house-in other words things that say loud and clear:hear I am and this is what I can do.So we end up with this:money doesnt make us happy on a day-to-day basis.Acquiring money and status makes us feel satisfied with life.Through the focusing illusion we convince ourselves that satisfac

39、tion equals happiness.Unfortunately it doesn t.Even though we appear to have everything,we are left feeling that something is missing,but are unable to identify what that thing is.That thing is simply this:feeling happy.Right now.In the moment.36.Whatdo social scientists find about money and happine

40、ss?A.Money is the final goal of people pursuing happiness.B.Happiness largely depends on the amount of money.C.More money does not necessarily make people happy.D.Money counts most in people s feeling of happiness.37.According to the passage,which of the following confuses the author most?A.The scie

41、ntific findings fail to explain people s obsession with pursuing money and happiness.B.Although happiness loosely correlates with money,people stillparadoxicallycrave for earning more.C.Social scientists cannot reach an agreement on their findingsas to the importance of money.D.Awareness of causal r

42、elationship between money and happiness weakens people s desire to make money.38.According to the passage,people _.A.care a lot about their actual level of income B.are convinced that people around them earn higher income.7/13 C.compare their income with that of higher earners D.feel contented when

43、they earn more than others 39.Material goods don t make us happy because _.A.we need something permanent to feel happy B.we need psychological and spiritual satisfaction C.people in pursuit of moneyare despised in society D.the more money we have,the more we desire 40.If money brings little happines

44、s,why do people still chase money?A.Because money and wealth gratify people s vanity.B.Because money is the only way to measure people s achievement.C.Because people use money to showoff their success and social status.D.Because people believe money brings things that reflect their accomplishments.P

45、assage 2 As Wal-Mart grew into the world s largest retailer,its staff were subjected to a long list of dos and don ts covering every aspect of their work.Now the firm has decided that its rules-based culture is too inflexible to cope with the challenges of globalization and technological change,and

46、is trying to instill a“values-based culture,in which employees can be trusted to do the right thing because they know what the firm stands for.“Values is the latest hot topic in management thinking.PepsiCo has started preaching a creed of“performance with purpose.Chevron,an oil firm,brands itself as

47、 a purveyor of“human energy,though presumably it does not really want you to travel by rickshaw(人力车).Nearly every big firm claims to be building a more caring and ethical culture.A new study suggests there is less to this than it says on the label.Commissioned by Dov Seidman,boss of LRN,a firm that

48、advises on corporate culture,and author of“How,a book arguing that the way firms do business matters as much as what they do,and conducted by the Boston Research Group,the“National Governance,Culture and Leadership Assessment is based on a survey of thousands of American employees,from every rung of

49、 the corporate ladder.It found that 43%of those surveyed described their company s culture as based on command-and-control,top-down management or leadership by coercion what Mr.Seidman calls“blind obedience.The largest category,54%,saw their employer s culture as top-down,but with skilled leadership

50、,lots of rules and a mix of carrots and sticks,which Mr.Seidman calls“informed acquiescence(默许).Only 3%fell into the category of“self-governance,in which everyone is guided by a“set of core principles and values that inspire everyone to align around a company s mission.The study found evidence that