人教版高一英语必修一Unit2知识梳理、重点词汇解析及单元自.pdf

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1、人教版高一英语必修一Unit2 知识梳理、重点词汇解析及单元自测课文回忆1.词汇练兵 英语可以让你想到那些词汇English 英语abroad 海外language 语言foreigner 外国人speak、say 说listen 听read 读learn学习等等2.说明文阅读技巧：找全文或每段的the main point（中心话题）Paragraph1:The spread of English language in the world Paragraph2:Native speaker can understand each other but they may not be able

2、 to understand everything Paragraph3:All languages change when cultures communicate with one another Paragraph4:English is spoken as a foreign language or second language in Africa and Asia 3.短语归纳1.不只有一种英语more than one kind of English 2.在一些重要方面in some important ways 3.彼此不同be different from one anoth

3、er 4.与现代英语不同be different from modern/present day English 5.世界英语world Englishes 6.起着的重要作用play an important role/part 7.起着越来越重要的作用play a more and more/an increasingly important part/role 8.因为它特殊的作用because of its special role 9.国际语言an international language 10.在 16 世纪末at the end of the 16 th century 11

4、.在 17 世纪初at the beginning of the 17 th century 12.在 20 世纪前期in the early 20 th century 13.比以往任何时候都than ever before 14.即使 even if/even though 15.以德语为基础be based on German 16.使用更大的词汇量make use of a wider vocabulary 17.它自己的特色its own identity 18.众多讲英语的人a very large number of English speakers 19.学英语的人数the n

5、umber of people learning English 20.迅速增长 increase rapidly 21.标准英语 standard English 22.信不信由你believe it or not 23.讲最好的英语speak excellent English 24.相邻的城镇neighboring towns 25.从一个地方搬到另一个地方move from one place to another 26.充分利用不同的方言make full use of different dialects 27.目前的形势present situation 28.国际组织an in

6、ternational organization 29.词汇与惯用法vocabulary and usage 30.辨认出他的口音recognize his accent 31.中西部地区的方言midwestern dialect(s)32.发出命令give commands 33.提出客气的请求make a polite request 要点提炼I 词语辨析(旨在提供完形填空所需材料)1.voyage/journey/travel/trip/tour【解释】voyage:去国外或较远地方的海上旅行journey:指较远的从一地到另一地旅行travel:一系列的旅程，尤指旅行的概念trip:(

7、短途)旅行tour:为了公务、娱乐或教育参观多处名胜的旅行【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空1).It is tiring to take a long _ by train from Paris to Moscow.2).The _ from England to Australia used to take several months.3).We ll have time for a _ to France next weekend.4).We went on a guided _ round the castle.答案:1).journey 2).voyage 3).trip

8、4).tour1.recognize/realize/know(1)recognize 指原来很熟悉，经过一段时间的间隔或别的原因后又重新认出来。(2)realize 强调在经过一个过程后的了解。(3)know 是延续性动词，指互相间十分熟悉、十分了解应用 1(1)Only after you lose your health will you _ the importance of health.(2)Ive _ Tom for years.(3)I _ him as soon as he came into the room 2.frequent/common/ordinary/gener

9、al/regular【解释】frequent 经常的，时间或间歇很短的发生或出现common 通常的、常发生的、广泛使用或众所周知的ordinary 指种类普通且不能从其他中加以区别的，有时含贬义general 一般性的，到处的；不限于领域、地区或应用regular 平常的；惯例的；习惯性的、通常的或正常的【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空1).This is a _ problem.2).He often makes _ errors of judgment.3)Look at the train s _ schedule.4)The violinist gave a very _

10、performance marked by an occasional memory lapse.5)As a _ rule I am home by six.答案:1).common 2).frequent 3).regular 4).ordinary 5).general2.such as/for example/that is/and so on(1)such as 用于列举事物时常放在所列举事物与前面的名词之间，且其后不用逗号，直接跟所列举的事物，可与like 互换。它所列举的事物的数量不能等同于前面所提的事物的总和，否则就用that is 或 namely。(2)for exampl

11、e 主要用于举例说明，其前后多用符号隔开。其位置比较灵活，可位于句首、句中或句末(such as只能位于所列举的事物之前)。(3)that is 相当于namely，它所列举的事物的总量等于前面所提到的事物的总和。(4)and so on 对几个事物进行列举时，在说了其中的几个以后，用.and so on 进行概括，说明还有例子，但不一一列出了。应用 2(1)My daughter studies four subjects in school,_，Chinese,maths,English and PE.(2)Overcooking,_，destroys many nutrients.(3)

12、He can speak some other languages,_ French and German.(4)There are some books,pens,erasers _ in my bag.3.especially/specially【解释】especially 意思是“尤其，特别”，表达事物的不寻常或特别重要specially 指为了某一目的，专门做某事【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空1).Our city is very beautiful,_ in spring.我们城市很美丽，尤其在春天。2).He came here _ to ask you for hel

13、p.他是专程来这里向你求助的。答案:1).especially 2).specially 4 a number of/the number of【解释】a number of 意思是“若干；许多”the number of 意思是“,的数目”【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空1).Today _ people learning Chinese in the world is raising rapidly.2)._ books in the market are in English.答案:1).the number of 2).A number ofII词性变化（旨在提供语法填空所需

14、材料）1.actual adj.实际的actually adv.实际上；事实上2.base n.基地；基础base v.以,为根据basic adj.基本的3.east n.东方eastern adj.东方的；东部的【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空1)What did he _ say?(actual)2)The _ cost was much higher than we had expected.(actual)3）My knowledge of physics is pretty _.(base)4）She used her familys history as a _ for h

15、er novel.(base)5）This novel is _ on historical facts.(base)6）He is interested in _ customs.(determine)7)The wind is blowing from the _.(determine)答案:1)actually 2)actual 3)basic 4)base5)based 6)eastern 7)east 重点词汇1.present n.礼物 adj.在场的；目前的vt.赠送典例 1).The mountain bike is a birthday present from my par

16、ents.这辆山地自行车是父母给我的生日礼物。2).I am afraid I can t help you at present.恐怕现在我没法帮助你。3).In the present case,I advise you to wait.按照目前的情况，我建议你等等。重点用法 at present=at the present time=now 目前，现在be present at 出席；到场(反义：be absent from)present sb.with sth=present sth.to sb.把某物送给某人All the people _(出席晚会的)were her supp

17、orters.练习 中译英1).所有（那些）在场者一眼就看出那个错误。2).这本书是哥哥赠送给我的。答案:1).The mistake was obvious to all(those)present.2).This book was a present from my mand n.&v.命令；指令；掌握1).The officer commanded his soldiers to fire.那名军官命令士兵们开火。重点用法 command sb.to do sth 命令某人做某事be under the command of 由 指挥,由控制be in command of 控制 be

18、at one s command 听任某人支配have/take command of 指挥 特别提醒 command 后接 that 从句时要用虚拟语气练习 用适当的介词填空1).For the first time in years,she felt _ command of her life.2).The army is _ the king s direct command.3).The police arrived and took command _ the situation.答案:1).in 2).under 3).of3.request n.&v.请求；要求典例 1).You

19、r requests will be granted.你的请求能够获准。.2).I requested him to help.我请求他帮忙。重点用法 request sb.to do sth.要求某人做某事request that sb(should)do 要求某人做某事 He requested me _(write)a letter of recommendation.He requested that I _(write)a letter of recommendation.The passengers _(request)to show their passports.练习 中译英。

20、1).我是（特别）应你要求而来。2).请不要吸烟。答案:1).I came at your(special)request.2).You are(kindly)requested not to smoke.扩展=联想：像command一样，其后的名词性从句的谓语用“(should)+动词原形”的常用词有：一个“坚持(insist)”；两个“命令(order，command)”；三个“建议(suggest，advise，propose)”；四个“要求(demand，ask，require，request)”；4.recognize vt.辨认出；承认；公认典例 1).I recognized h

21、er by her red hat.我根据她的红色帽子认出了她。2).Everyone recognized him to be the lawful heir/as the lawful heir.大家都承认他为合法继承人。重点用法 recognize by sth 认出或识别某人/某事物recognize as sth 承认某人/某事物是recognize to be承认 是recognize+宾语从句意识到；承认I recognize him_.(他是个聪明人).Though they hadn t met for many years，they _(认出了对方)at the first

22、 sight.练习 中译英1).人们都承认他是他们理所当然的领袖。2).我认出他是我朋友的哥哥。答案:1).He is recognized to be their natural leader.2).I recognized him as my friend s brother.5.straight adj.笔直的；正直的adv.直接；挺直典例 1).This is a straight road.这是一条直路。2).She went straight from school to university.她中学一毕业就马上进了大学。练习 中译英 1).我的领带系得正不正?2).一直往前看。答

23、案:1).Is my tie straight?2).Look straight ahead.6.block vt.堵塞；阻碍n.街区；木块；石块典例 1).He lives three blocks away from here.他住的地方与此处相隔三条街.2).A large crowd blocked the corridors and exits.人群把走廊和出口都堵死了重点用法 a block of 一大块block out 堵住block off 封锁；封闭block up 堵塞；阻碍练习 中译英1).他们在绕楼群散步。2).大雪阻塞了所有通往苏格兰的道路。答案:1).They a

24、re taking a walk round the block.2).Heavy snow is blocking all roads into Scotland.7、actually adv.实际上；事实上相近词汇：in factas a matter of fact 8gradual adj.逐渐的，逐步的gradually adv.逐渐地，逐步地9.native adj.本地的，出生地的；天赋的n.本地人；出生于某国的人be native to.原产于某地ones native country/land本国，祖国native place出生地ones native language本国

25、语，本族语，母语a native of当地人/产于 的动/植物即学即练 1(1)China is our _，and Chinese is our _.中国是我们的祖国，汉语是我们的母语。(2)The tiger _ India.这种虎产于印度。(3)He is _ Beijing.他是北京人。答案.native country;native language；is native to；a native of 重点词组（旨在提供综合运用所需材料）e up 走近；上来；提出典例 1).The little came up to the stranger and showed him how to

26、 get to the police station.小男孩向陌生人走去，并告诉他去警察局的路。3).It is certain that the question will come up at the meeting.这个问题在会议上一定会被提出来的。5).I am afraid something urgent has come up.恐怕发生了什么急事。短语归纳 come across邂逅come about 发生come at向 扑来,攻击come from 来自come out 出版;开花；结果是come up with 想出come round 绕道而来come down 落下,

27、塌下练习 用 come 构成的词组填空。1).The hunter walked across the forest when suddenly a bear _ him.2).The magazine _ once a month.3).I wish you can _ to England on your holiday.4).The engineers has _ new ways of saving energy.5).They _ an old school friend in the street this morning.答案:1).came at 2).comes out 3)

28、.come over 4).come up with 5).came across2.make use of 利用；使用典例 1).You ought to make good use of any opportunity to practise English.你应该好好利用机会练习英语。短语归纳 make good use of 好好利用make full use of 充分利用make the best/most of 充分利用练习 1).要充分利用一切机会说英语。2).我们要很好地发挥她的才能。答案:1).Make full use of every chance you have t

29、o speak English.2).We will make good use of her talents.3.such as例如；像这种的1).Such poets as Keats and Shelley wrote Romantic poetry.有些诗人,如济慈和雪莱,写的是浪漫主义的诗歌2).Wild flowers such as orchids and primroses are becoming rare.兰花和报春花之类的野花越来越少了练习 用 such as或 for example 填空1).I like drinks _ tea and soda.2).The re

30、port is incomplete;it doesn t include sales in France,_.答案:1)such as 2).For example4.play a part(in)扮演一个角色；参与典例 1).She plays an active part in local politics.她积极参与地方政治活动。2).She played a major part in the success of the scheme.她对该计划的成功起了重要作用。翻译：中国在当今世界扮演着重要的角色。_China is playing an important part/role

31、 _in the world today.短语归纳 take part(in sth)参加,参与（某事物for the most part 整体上;通常;多半the best part of sth（某事物的）绝大部分（尤指一段时间）for my part 就我来说练习 中译英1).有多少国家要参加（世界杯赛）？2).对我来说,到哪儿吃饭都无所谓。答案:1).How many countries will be taking part(in the World Cup)?2).For my part,I dont mind where we eat.6.because of 因为；由于典例 1

32、).They are here because of us.他们是因为我们来这里的。短语归纳 because of 是复合介词。because 是从属连词，引导原因状语从句。练习 He came late to school again _ he got up too late.The girl cried _ what the teacher said.we have to cancel our trip _ the bad weather.7.base on 以 为基础e.g The movie is based on facts 7ever before 从前8even if/thoug

33、h 即使9be based on 以,为基础10 over time 长期以来11 in the early days 在早期12the same as 相同于13.Believe it or not 信不信由你14.a number of N.许多,大量.作主语时,谓语用复数.the number of N.的数量.作主语时,谓语用单数Eg A number of people have read this novel.The number of people here is 50.V重点句子（旨在提供句子结构等所需材料）1.Which country do you think has th

34、e most English learners?解释 do you think/believe/expect/find/know/suppose 作为插入语,放在特殊疑问词后，其它内容紧跟其后并用陈述语序。What time do you expect we will come and pick you up？你希望我们几点来接你？What do you suppose he will do after he hears about the good news？你认为他听到那个好消息后会做什么呢？Why do you think their team could win the footbal

35、l match?你认为他们队为什么能赢得那场足球赛呢？2.Today,more people speak English as their first,second or a foreign language than ever before.解释 than ever before 常与比较级连用，意为“比以往任何时候更”。如：The stars were shining brightly in the dark sky,and the night was more beautiful than ever before.繁星点缀在夜空里，夜晚比以往更美。练习 中译英1).简看起来比以前漂亮多了

36、。2).雨下得比以前更大。答案:1).Jane looks much prettier than ever before.2).Its raining harder than ever before.拓展：(1)引导让步状语从句的引导词还有although,though,no matter when/what.,whenever,wherever,however 等等。(2)as 也可以引导让步状语从句，但要把其表语、谓语或宾语前置，且前置的单数名词不可以加冠词。Even though you achieve great success in your work,you should not

37、be conceited.即使你们在工作中取得了巨大的成绩，也不应该自满。Whatever you do,do it well.不管你做什么，把它做好。However hot it is,he wont take off his hat.不管多热，他都不摘下帽子。Girl as she is,she can go alone in the darkness.尽管她是个女孩，她敢一个人走夜路。即境活用1(2007 浙江)Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice,_they knew it to be valuable.Aas if Bnow tha

38、t C even though Dso that 解析：even though even if“即使”，引导让步状语从句。答案：C 2Believe it or not,there is no such thing as standard English.信不信由你，(世界上)没有什么标准英语。(1)believe it or not 信不信由你。常在句中做插入语。(2)no such thing 没有这样的事情。such与 all,no,some,any,few,little,many,much,several,one 等词连用时，应位于它们的后面。Believe it or not,he

39、refused to accept our offer.信不信由你，他拒绝接受我们的帮助。There is no such street in the city.这城市没有那样的街道。He said he didnt have time or made some such excuse.他说他没有时间或别的诸如此类的借口。即境活用2(2009 安徽)I m amazed to hear from my school teacher again._，it is ten years since we met last.AIn a word BWhat s moreCThat s to say DB

40、elieve it or not 解析：句意：想不到又一次收到学校老师的来信，信不信由你，我们上次见面还是在十年前。in a word 总之；whats more 而且；that s to say也就是说；believe it or not 信不信由你。答案：D 3.with 的复合结构应用 3(1)Come on,please give me some ideas about the project.Sorry.With so much work _ my mind,I almost break down.Afilled Bfilling Cto fill Dbeing filled 解析：

41、with 复合结构中，work 和 fill 是主动关系，且表示正在进行，因此其后要用doing结构。答案：B(2)John received an invitation to dinner,and with his work _，he gladly accepted it.Afinished Bfinishing C having finished Dwas finished 解析：根据work 和 finish 是被动关系，可以判断出答案。答案：A(3)_ two exams to worry about,I have to work really hard this weekend.AW

42、ith BBesides CAs for DBecause of 解析：根据句意，此处应采用“with 宾语不定式”。答案：A(4)It was cold outside,the boy ran into the room _ his nose red.Ato Bon Cin D with 解析：这个句子考查with 的复合结构的用法，用“with 名词形容词”做状语表示伴随情况。而to、on、in 作为介词则没有这种用法，故排除A、B、C，答案为D。句意是：外面天气很冷，那个男孩跑进了屋子时，鼻子红红的。答案：D 语法讲解引语的概念（以课文88 页为主，本文重在方法提炼与巩固）直接引述别人的

43、原话，叫直接引语直接引语通常都用引号括起来用自己的话把别人的话陈述出来，叫间接引语间接引语在多数情况下都构成一个_宾语从句Direct SpeechShe said,“I like singing.”She said,“I am waiting for a bus.”Indirect Speech She said she liked singing She said she was waiting for a bus.总结：直接引语是陈述句,变为间接引语时用连词that 引导宾语从句.从句中的人称,时态,指示代词,时间状语,地点状语等相应变化.（见课本88）补充：Direct SpeechS

44、he asked,“Have you seen the film?”He asks,“Are you a doctor,John?”She asked us,“Where are you going to get off?”He asked them,“Who gave you a talk yesterday?”Indirect SpeechShe asked me whetherif I had seen the film.He asks John ifwhether he is a doctor.She asked us where we were going to get off.He

45、 asked them who had given them a talk the day before.总结直接引语是一般疑问句,变为间接引语时,用连词 if 或 whether 连接。直接引语是特殊疑问句,变为间接引语时,仍用原来的疑问词作连词来引导。解题步骤:1.陈述句“I don t like computers,”Sarah said to her friends.第一步 Sarah said to her friends that I dont like computers.（Ishe 时态 said 过去式dont-didn t）第二步 Sarah said to her fri

46、ends that she didnt like computers.2.一般疑问句:Is it easy to improve the condition of the soil?(They asked him)第一步 It is easy to improve the condition of the soil.第二步 They asked him if it is easy to improve the condition of the soil.第三步 Asked 过去式is-was 第四步 They asked him if it was easy to improve the co

47、ndition of the soil.3.特殊疑问句：When do you harvest the wheat?(They asked him)第一步 you harvest the wheat 第二步 They asked him When you harvest the wheat.第三步（you-he）(harvest-harvested)第四步 They asked him when he harvested the wheat 练习1.He asked _ for the violin.A Did I pay how much B.I paid how much C.how mu

48、ch did I pay D.how much I paid 2.Someone is ringing the doorbell.Go and see _.A.who is he B.who he is C.who is it D.who it is 3.Can you tell me _?A.how good is his spoken English B.how well his spoken English is C.how well he speaks English D.how good he can speak English 4.He said that he had bough

49、t the jacket_.A.before three days B.three days before C.three days ago D.last week 5.Did you say_?A.that what he said was true B.that it was true that he said C.what did he say was true D.what he said it was true 6.Please tell me _ from.A.where do you come B.where you come C.where you will come D.th

50、ere you come 7.Ask her _ come with us.A if she will B.if or not she will C.that if she will D.whether will she 8.The driver said that he _ pick _ a passenger at west street.A will,up B.would,up C.will,out D.would,out 9.He said he _ in 1993.A.has born B.had been born C.had born D.was born 10.John _ m