英语句子结构分.pdf

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1、-1-英语句子结构分析一、简单句句子成分01 The train has arrived.She dances beautifully.Kate s uncle lives in a village.主语谓语主谓状语主谓地点状语主语：动作的执行者，名词、代词、-ing 形式、不定式to do 等可以作主语。谓语：表示动作，由动词担任。英语句子不同时态、语态形式都在谓语部分体现。状语：修饰谓语，由副词或其它结构担任，表示时间、地点、程度、方式、原因、目的、条件等。02 His parents bought a pair of shoes.Tom s father bought him a new

2、 bike yesterday.主谓宾语主谓间宾直宾时间状语宾语：动作的对象，名词、代词、-ing 形式、不定式 to do 等可以作宾语。有的动词如bring、give、buy、offer 等可以带两个宾语，一个指人（间接宾语），另个指物（直接宾语）。注意：只有及物动词（Vt.）才能直接带宾语，不及物动词（Vi.）后面不能直接跟宾语。03 The nine-year-old boy gave Tom and me a beautiful birthday present last Sunday.定语主谓间宾定语直宾时间状语定语：放在（主语或宾语）名词前修饰名词，由形容词或其它结构担任。Ple

3、ase give me the book on the shelf.(祈使句，省略主语you)谓 间宾直宾定语（后置）04 London is the capital of England.主系动词表语（“系动词+表语”构成“系表结构”，作谓语）05 The food tastes good.The teacher looks angry.The boy felt sad.主系动词表语主系表主系 表表语：跟在系动词后面。常见系动词有be、look（看起来）、sound（听起来）、smell（闻起来）、taste（尝起来）、feel（感觉，感到）、seem（似乎），表示变化的become、get

4、、turn 等注意：以上动词若表示其它含义，就不是系动词，而是行为动词，后面就不能带形容词作表语。注意下面两句中look 的不同含义：The little boy looked at the paintings very happily.The little boy looked unhappy.定 主谓宾状语（副词）定主系表（形容词）06 The meeting on Friday was put off because of the heavy rain.主定语（后置）谓语（被动语态）原因状语07 They did everything to save the worker s life.

5、He was strong enough to raise the heavy box.主 谓宾目的状语主系表结果状语08 The old man told me to go there by underground.主谓 宾宾补方式状语宾补：宾语补足语，补充说明宾语。09 It took the students more than three hours to do their homework every day.主（形式）真正主语注意：当句子主语结构太长时，往往用it 放在谓语前面充当形式主语，而真正主语放在句尾，以保持句子的平衡。10 There are two apples on

6、the table.注意：There be 句型的主语在be 动词后面。主语11 How wonderfully he sings!How beautiful the vase is!How+adv.主 谓How+adj.主系12 What an intelligent girl she is!What important advice you have given me!What+a/an+adj.+n.主 系What+n 主谓注意：感叹句的句子结构1）How 感叹句：How+adv.(adj.)+主谓!2)What 感叹句：What+（a/an）+adj.+n.+主谓！13 It hard

7、ly snows in South China,does it?注意反义疑问句结构：陈述部分+反问？-2-英语句子结构分析二、复合句句子结构（主句、从句）14 The teacher told children that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.主谓间宾宾语从句（引导词that）15 She asked me whether/if Mrs Smith would come.宾语从句（引导词whether/if 是否）16 Tony wondered what Father Christmas had put in his s

8、tocking.宾语从句（引导词what 什么）17 Could you tell me whose bicycle this is?注意：该句中Could 表示客气语气，不是过去时。宾语从句（引导词whose 谁的）18 We soon learned how they grew organic vegetable.I don t know what is wrong with his sister.宾语从句（引导词how 怎样）宾语从句（引导词what 什么）19 Let s decide when and where we shall meet.Let s decide when and

9、 where to meet.宾语从句（引导词when and where）不定式短语作宾语注意：宾语从句在句中作宾语；引导词有that、whether/if（是否）、what、where、when、how 等疑问词；1）宾语从句中用陈述语序（主语在前，谓语在后）；2）如果主句是过去时，从句用相应的过去的时态（一般现在一般过去，现在进行过去进行，一般将来过去将来，现在完成过去完成，一般过去过去完成）；但是如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理，从句仍用一般现在时；3）疑问词引导的宾语从句常常可以转换成“疑问词+to do”结构。20 If I have time tomorrow,I will g

10、o shopping with you.（主将从现）条件状语从句，引导词if（如果）21 He won t pass the exam unless he works hard every day.（主将从现）unless=if not 条件状语从句，引导词unless（除非，如果不）注意：条件状语从句中不能用将来时，若要表示将来的动作，必须用一般现在时代替。22 I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing.时间状语从句，引导词as soon as（一就）23 The boy wants to be a scientist when he gr

11、ows up.时间状语从句，引导词when（当的时候）24 The workers didn t leave until they finished all the work.时间状语从句，引导词until（直到）注意：时间状语从句中不能用将来时，若要表示将来的动作，必须用一般现在时代替。25 The foreign teacher has taught children English since she came to Shanghai.提醒：注意主句、从句时态搭配。时间状语从句，引导词since（直从以来）26 I didn t go to see the film last week

12、because I had seen it.原因状语从句，引导词because（因为）27 Now that smoking is harmful to your health,you should give it up.原因状语从句，引导词now that（既然）28 Although they are old,they still work in the fields every day.让步状语从句，引导词although（虽然，尽管）29 The doctor still went on working though he felt very tired.让步状语从句，引导词thoug

13、h（虽然，尽管）30 The suitcase is so heavy that we have to find a trolley.结果状语从句，引导词sothat（如此 以至于）31 Speak louder so that the whole class can hear you.目的状语从句，引导词so that（为了）32 My diet is as healthy as yours(is).比较状语从句，引导词as as（和 一样）33 Liu Xiang runs faster than any other boy in our school.比较状语从句，引导词than（更）-

14、3-英语句子结构分析三、并列句34 Mr.Wang teaches physics and Miss Li teaches chemistry.并列句，连接词and，表示“和”and 连接的两个并列句子，时态往往一致35 He used to go fishing on Sunday,but now he often plays tennis.并列句，连接词 but，表示“但是”36 The doctor felt very tired,but he still went on working.该句可以换种方式表达Although 37 Hurry up,or you will be late

15、 for school again.并列句，连接词or，表示“否则”注意：该句可以换种方式表达If 38 Tony had a headache yesterday,so he asked for leave.并列句，连接词so，表示“因此，所以”注意：该句可以换种方式表达Because 四、反义疑问句39 The old man can hardly read or write.（改为反意疑问句）The old man can hardly read or write,_ _?40 There is no important information in the newspaper.（改为反

16、意疑问句）There is no important information in the newspaper,_ _?41 He failed to swim across the river in ten minutes.（改为反意疑问句）He failed to swim across the river in ten minutes,_ _?42 Mike s already got much information about the suspect.（改为反意疑问句）Mike s already got much information about the suspect,_ _?

17、注意：反义疑问句的反问部分由“助动词+人称代词主格”组成，若陈述部分是肯定句，反问部分就用否定，即：“肯定-否定式”；若陈述部分是否定，反问部分就用肯定，即“否定-肯定式”。但应注意除not、no 表示否定外，还有never、hardly、rarely、seldom、few、little 都表示否定。五、特殊疑问句（划线部分提问）43 My parents will go to America in two days.（划线部分提问）_ _ will your parents go to America?44 Billy s uncle and aunt used to go to the c

18、inema once a month.（划线部分提问）_ _ _ Billy s uncle and aunt _ to go to the cinema?45 The foreign teacher has taught children English since she came to Shanghai.（划线部分提问）_ _ _ the foreign teacher _ children English?46 It is five kilometers away from our school to the park.（划线部分提问）_ _ _ it from our school to the park?47 The cars ran 80 miles per hour on the highway.（划线部分提问）_ _ _the cars _ on the highway?48 The coat cost him 100 dollars.（划线部分提问）_ _ _ the coat _ him?