高中英语阅读理解(附答案、解析、翻译)[1.pdf

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1、Passage 1 There are stories about two U S.presidents，Andrew Jackson and Martin Van Buren，which attempt to explain the American English term OK We don?t know if either story is true，but they are both interesting The first explanation is based on the fact that President Jackson had very little educati

2、on In fact，he had difficulty reading and writingWhen important papers came to Jackson，he tried to read them and then had his assistants explain what they said If he approved of a paper he would write“all correct”on itThe problem was that he didn?t know how to spell So what he really wrote was“ol kor

3、ekt”After a while，he shortened that term to“OK”The second explanation is based on the place where President Van Buren was born，Kinderhook，New York Van Bnren?s friends organized a club to help him become President They caned the club the Old Kinderhook Club，and anyone who supported Van Buren was call

4、ed“OK”31The author A.believes both of the stories Bdoesn?t believe a word of the stories Cis not sure whether the stories are true D.is telling the stories just for fun 32.According to the passage，President Jackson Acouldn?t draw up any documents at all B.didn?t like to read important papers by hims

5、elfCoften had his assistants sign documents for him D.wasn?t good at reading，writing or spelling 33According to the first story,the term“OK”A.was approved of by President Jackson Bwas the title of some Official documents Cwas first used by President Jackson Dwas an old way to spell“all correct 34.Ac

6、cording to the second story，the term OK”Awas the short way to say old Kinderhook Club”Bmeant the place where President Van Buren was born Cwas the name of Van Buren?s club Dwas used to call Van Buren?s supporters in the election 35According to the second story the term“OK”was first used _ Aby Van Bu

7、ren Bin a presidential election Cto organize the Old Kinderhook Club Dby the members of the Old Kinderhook Club”Passage 2 Although the United States covers so much land and the land produces far more food than the present population needs，its people are by now almost entirely an urban society Less t

8、han a tenth of the people are engaged in agriculture and forestry(林业)，and most of the rest live in or around towns，small and largeHere the traditional picture is changing：every small town may still be very like other small towns，and the typical small town may represent a widely accepted view of the

9、country，but most Americans do not live in small towns any more Half the population now lives in some thirty metropolitan areas(1arge cities with their suburbs、of more than a million people each a larger proportion than in Germany or England，let alone FranceThe statistics(统计)of urban and rural popula

10、tion should be treated with caution because so many people who live in areas classified as rural travel by car to work in a nearby town each day As the rush to live out of town continues rural areas within reach of towns are gradually filled with houses，so that it is hard to say at what moment a pie

11、ce of country becomes a suburb But more and more the typical American lives in a metropolitan rather than a small town environment36If now America has 250 million people how many of them are engaged in agriculture and forestry?AAbout 25 million BMore than 25 million CLess than 25 million D.Less than

12、 225 million 37Which of the following four countries has the smallest proportion of people living in metropolitan areas?A United StatesBGermanyC FranceDEngland38Whats the meaning of the word“metropolitan”in the middle of the passage?A.Of a large city with its suburbs BOf small and large towns COf ur

13、ban areasDOf rural areas39According to the passage，what can we learn about small towns in the United States?A Most small towns become gradually crowded BSmall towns are still similar to each other C As the traditional picture is changing，towns are different D.Small towns are turning into large citie

14、s 40Why is it hard to say when a piece of country becomes a suburb?A Because they are the same BBecause the rush takes place too quickly C Because the process is gradualDBecause more and more Americans live in metropolitan areasPassage 3 If we were asked exactly what we were doing a year ago，we shou

15、ld probably have to say that we could not remember But if we had kept a book and had written in it an account of what we did each day，we should be able to give an answer to the question.It is the same in history Many things have been forgotten because we do not have any written account of them Somet

16、imes men did keep a record of the most important happenings in their country，but often it was destroyed by fire or in a war Sometimes there was never any written record at all because the people of that time and place did not know how to Write For example，we know a good deal about the people who liv

17、ed in China 4，000 years ago,because they could write and leave written records for those who lived after themBut we know almost nothing about the people who lived even 200 years ago in central Africa because they had not learned to writeSometimes of course，even if the people cannot write，they may kn

18、ow something of the past They have heard about it from older people，and often songs and dances and stories have been made about the most important happenings，and these have been sung and acted and told for many generations For most people are proud to tell what their fathers did in the past This we

19、may call?remembered history Some of it has now been written down.It is not so exact or so valuable to us as written history is，because words are much more easily changed when used again and again in speech than when copied in writing But where there are no written records，such spoken stories are oft

20、en very helpful 41.Which of the following ideas is not suggested in the passage?A“Remembered history”，compared with written history，is less reliable B Written records of the past play the most important role in our learning of the human historyC A written account of our daily activities helps US to

21、be able to answer many questionsD Where there are no written records there is no history42We know very little about the central Africa 200 years ago because _ A there was nothing worth being written down at that time B.the people there ignored the importance of keeping a record C the written records

22、 were perhaps destroyed by a fire D the people there did not know how to write 43“Remembered history”refers to _A history based on a person?s imagination B.stories of important happenings passed down from mouth to mouth C.songs and dances about the most important events D.both B and C 44“Remembered

23、history”is regarded as valuable only when _.A.it is written down B.no written account is available C it proves to be time Dpeople are interested in it 45.The passage suggests that we could have learned much more about our past than we do now if the ancient people had _ Akept a written record of ever

24、y past event B.not burnt their written records in wars Ctold exact stories of the most important happenings Dmade more songs and dances Passage4 When Mrs Joseph Groeger died recently in Vienna，Austria，people asked the obvious，“Why did she live to be 107?”Answers were provided by a survey conducted a

25、mong 148 Viennese men and women who had reached the age of 100 Somewhat surprising was the fact that the majority had lived most of their lives in cities In spite of the city s image as an unhealthy place，city living often provides benefits that country living can lack One factor seems to be importa

26、nt to the longevity(长寿)of those interviewed This factor is exercise in the cities it is often faster to walk short distances than to wait for a bus Even taking public transportation often requires some walkingSmaller apartment houses have no elevators(电梯)，and so people must climb stairs City people

27、can usually walk to local supermarkets Since parking spaces are hard to find，there is often no alternative to walking On the other hand，those who live in the country and suburbs do not have to walk every day In fact，the opposite is often true To go to school，work，or almost anywhere else，they must ri

28、de in cars31The Vienna survey may help to explain _ Athe complaints of people in apartment houses Bthe cause of Mrs Groeger?s death Cthe longevity of people like Mrs Groeger D.the image of cities in general 32The purpose of the second paragraph is to list some _ Abenefits of walking Boccasions for w

29、alking in city life C.comments made by city people Dproblems of city living 33To reach the third floor of a building it would probably be most healthful _ A.to take the elevator B to walk up the stairs Cto ride in a car D to find an alternative to walking 34People who live in the country probably do

30、 more driving than walking because _ Athey don?t live near business areas B.they don?t need the exerciseCthey never have parking problems Dthey cant afford to take the bus 35A conclusion that can be drawn from this passage is that _ A air pollution is not serious Banyone can live to be 107 Ccountry

31、people should move to the city Dwalking is a healthful exercise Passage 5 For any Englishman，there can never be any discussion as to who is the world?s greatest dramatist(剧作家)Only one name can possibly suggest itself to him：that of William Shakespeare Every Englishman has some knowledge，however slig

32、ht，of the work of our greatest writer All of US use words，phrases and quotations from Shakespeare?s writings that have become part of the common property of the English-speaking people Most of the time we are probably unaware of the source of the words we used，rather like the old lady who was taken

33、to see a performance of Hamlet and complained that it was full of well known proverbs and quotations Shakespeare，more perhaps than any other writer，makes full use of the great resources of the English languageMost of US use about five thousand words in our normal use of English；Shakespeare in his wo

34、rks used about twenty-five thousand There is probably no better way for a foreigner to appreciate the richness and variety of the English language than by studying the various ways in which Shakespeare used it Such a study is well worth the effort(it is not，of course，recommended to beginners)even th

35、ough some aspects of English usage，and the meaning of many words，have changed since Shakespeare?s day36.English people _ Ahave never discussed who is the world?s greatest dramatist Bnever discuss any issue concerning the world?s greatest dramatist Care sure who is the world?s greatest dramatist Ddo

36、not care who is the world?s greatest poet and dramatist 37Every Englishman knows _ Amore or less about Shakespeare BShakespeare，but only slightly Call Shakespeare?s writings Donly the name of the greatest English writer 38Which of the following is true?AWe use all the words，phrases and quotations fr

37、om Shakespeare?S writings BShakespeare?s writings have become the property of those who are learning to speak English CIt is likely to be true that people often do not know the origins of the words they use D All the words people use are taken from the writings of Shakespeare 39What does the word“pr

38、overb”mean?AFamiliar sayings BShakespeare?s playsCComplaintsDActors and actresses 40Why is it worthwhile to study the various ways in which Shakespeare used English?AEnglish words have changed a lot since ShakespeareS timeBBy doing SO one can be fully aware of the richness of the English language C.

39、English words are now being used in the same way as in Shakespeare?s time D.Beginners may have difficulty learning some aspects of English usage Passage 6 Trees are useful to man in three very important ways：they provide him wood and other products；they give him shade；and they help to prevent drough

40、t(干旱)and floodsUnfortunately，in many parts of the world，man has not realized that the third of these services is the most important In his eagerness to draw quick profit from the trees，he has cut them down in large numbers Two thousand years ago，a rich and powerful country cut down its trees to buil

41、d warships，with which to gain itself an empire It gained the empire but，without its trees，its soil became bare and poorWhen the empire fell to pieces，the country found itself faced by floods and starvation Even where a government realizes the importance of a plentiful supply of trees，it is difficult

42、 sometimes to make the people realize this They cut down the trees but are too careless to plant and look after new trees So，unless the government has a good system of control，or can educate the people，the forests slowly disappear This does not only mean that there will be fewer trees The results ar

43、e even more serious：for where there are trees，their roots break the soil up，allowing the rain to sink in，and also bind the soil This prevents the soil from being washed away But where there are no trees，the rainfalls on hard ground and flows away on the surface，and this causes floods and the rain ca

44、rries away the rich topsoil in which crops grow When a11 the topsoil is gone nothing remains but worthless desert 41Trees are useful to man mainly in three ways，the most important of which is that they can _ A.keep him from the hot sunshine Benable him to build warships Cmake him draw quick profit f

45、rom them D.protect him from droughts and floods 42Its a great pity that _ Aman is only interested in building empires Bman is eager to profit from trees Cman hasn?t realized the importance of trees to him D.man hasn?t found out that he has lost all trees43Sooner or later the forests will disappear _

46、 A.unless a country has a plenty supply of trees Bunless people stop cutting down their trees Cunless aIl people are taught the importance of planting trees Dunless the government punishes those who cut trees instead of planting them 44The word“bind”in Paragraph 5 means“_”Ato wash away Bto make wet

47、Cto make stay together Dto improve 45.When there is a heavy raintrees can help to prevent floodsas they can.Akeep rain from falling down to soft ground B，cause the soil to allow rainwater to sink in Cprevent the soil from being washed away D.make the topsoil stick together Passage 7 Some of the note

48、books George Washington kept as a young man are still in existence They show that he was learning Latin，was very interested in the basics of good behavior in society，and was reading English literature At school he seems only to have been interested in mathematicsIn fact，his formal education was surp

49、risingly brief for a gentleman，and incomplete For unlike other young Virginian of that day，he did not go to the College of William and Mary in the Virginian capital of WilliamsburgIn terms of formal training then，Washington contrasts sharply with some other early American Presidents such as John Ada

50、ms，Thomas Jefferson and James Madison In later years，Washington probably regretted his lack of intellectual training He never felt comfortable in a debate in Congress(国会)，or on any Subject that had not to do with everyday，practical matters And because he never learned French and could not speak dire